Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

glycogenase
alpha-amylase, beta-amylase ...

glycogenesis
The formation of glycogen from food. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

glycogenetic
Glycogenic;relating to glycogenesis. ... Synonym: d-glycogenous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycogenic
Giving rise to or producing glycogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycogenic acanthosis
<radiology> Benign, multiple small mucosal nodules in oesophagus, degenerative accumulation of glycogen in squamous epithelium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycogenolysis
The breaking down, or catabolism, of the polysaccharide glycogen into molecules of the sugar glucose and molecules of glucose 1-phosphate within the body by enzymes. The enzymes are controlled by nerve impulses and hormones. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycogenosis
Any of the glycogen deposition diseases characterised by accumulation of glycogen of normal or abnormal chemical structure in tissue; there may be enlargement of the liver, heart, or striated muscle, including the tongue, with progressive muscular weakness. Seven types (Cori classification) are recognised, depending on the enzyme deficiency involve …

glycogeusia
A subjective sweet taste. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Geusis, taste ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycoglycinuria
A metabolic disorder characterised by glucosuria and hyperglycinuria; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycol
<chemistry> A thick, colourless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. ... Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type. ... Origin: Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin. ... Sourc …

glycol ethers
Chemicals such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; they are teratogens which induce testicular atrophy in animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycolaldehyde
HOCH2CHO;the simplest (2-carbon) sugar; the aerobic deamination product of ethanolamine. ... Synonym: biose, diose. ... Active glycoaldehyde, 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)thiamin pyrophosphate;a derivative formed in carbohydrate metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycolaldehydetransferase
Synonym for transketolase ... transaldolase ...

glycolate
A salt or ester of glycolic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycoleucine
Synonym for norleucine ... <chemical> Chemical name: Norleucine ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycolic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether; glycolic acid. ... <chemistry> Glycolic acid, an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol, whence its name. It is a sirupy, or w …

glycolic acid
<biochemistry> Hydroxyacetic acid, found in young plants and green fruits. Glycolate is formed from ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate in a seemingly wasteful side reaction of photosynthesis, known as photorespiration. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycolic acid dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Enzyme from human liver converts glycolate to oxalate, acceptor not identified, not oxygen; free glyoxylate is not an intermediate ... Registry number: EC 1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycolic aciduria
Excessive excretion of glycolic acid in the urine; a primary metabolic defect due to deficiency of 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate carboxylase, resulting in excretion of glycolic and oxalic acids, leading to the clinical syndrome of oxalosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycolipid
<biochemistry> Oligosaccharides covalently attached to lipid as in the glycosphingolipids found in plasma membranes of all animal and some plant cells. ... The lipid part of glycolipids is sphingosine in which the amino group is acylated by a fatty chain, forming a ceramide. most of the oligosaccharide chains belong to one of four series, the …

glycolipid lipidosis
Synonym for fabry's disease ... <disease> Lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase a and resulting in an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in the renal and cardiovascular systems. ... The disease is characterised by telangiectatic skin lesions, renal failure, and disturbances of the cardiovascular, gastrointes …

glycols
A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-oh) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycolysis
<biochemistry> The conversion of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway (i.e. The Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway) in the cytosol. ... Generates ATP without consuming oxygen and is thus anaerobic. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycolytic
Relating to glycolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glyconeogenesis
<biochemistry> The making of the polysaccharide glycogen without using glucose or other carbohydrates and instead using things like fats or proteins. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glyconic acids
Synonym for aldonic acids ... Monosaccharide derivatives in which the aldehyde group has been oxidised to a carboxyl group. They may form lactones (e.g., galactonic acid). ... Synonym: glyconic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycopenia
A deficiency of any or all sugars in an organ or tissue. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycopeptidase
<enzyme> Cleaves beta-asparty-glycosylamine linkages in glycopeptides with 3-11 amino acid residues ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.52 ... Synonym: n-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase, peptide-n4-(acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase, glycopeptidase a, peptide-n-glycanase, glycopeptidase f, n-glycanase, pngase f, pngase a, n-glycosidase a, pn …

glycopeptide
<biochemistry> A peptide covalently linked to a sugar or polysaccharide. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycopeptides
Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Glycophagus
A common genus of grain mites, frequently implicated in dermatitis among food handlers. ... See: Tyrophagus putrescentiae. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycophilia
A condition in which there is a distinct tendency to develop hyperglycaemia, even after the ingestion of a relatively small quantity of glucose. ... Origin: Glyko-+ G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycophorin
The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of mn blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat …

glycophorins
<protein> A class of abundant transmembrane glycoproteins of the human erythrocyte. ... The major component is a 131 residue peptide chain that is highly O glycosylated and is rich in terminal sialic acid. The peptide chain carries the MN blood group antigens at its N terminus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycophyte
<botany> A type of plant which can only grow in soils that have more than a 0.5% sodium chloride (salt) solution. most plants are glycophytes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycoprotein
<protein> Proteins with covalently attached sugar units, either bonded via the OH group of serine or threonine O glycosylated) or through the amide NH2 of asparagine (N glycosylated). ... Includes most secreted proteins (serum albumin is the major exception) and proteins exposed at the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Sugar residues found …

glycoprotein glycosyltransferase
<enzyme> Enzymes which add monosaccharides from nucleoside mono-or diphosphate monosaccharides onto glycoproteins ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycoproteins
Conjugated proteins containing one or more covalently linked carbohydrate residues. While technically describing conjugates in which the carbohydrate is less than 4 per cent by weight, the term is often used generically to include the mucoproteins and proteoglycans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycoptyalism
Synonym: glycosialia. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Ptyalon, saliva ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycopyrrolate
<chemical> A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anaesthetics. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthesia adjuvants, muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics. ... Chemical name: Pyrrolidinium, 3-((cyclopentylhydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy)-1,1-dimethyl-, bro …

glycorrhachia
Presence of sugar in the cerebrospinal fluid. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Rhachis, spine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycorrhoea
A discharge of sugar from the body, as in glucosuria, especially in unusually large quantities. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Rhoia, a flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosaminoglycan
<biochemistry> A macromolecule found on the surface of eukaryotic cells which is thought to play a role in the cells recognition of other cells or of a substrate. It consists of a network of long, branched chains made up of repeating units of disaccharides which contain amino groups sugars, at least one of which has a negatively charged side …

glycosaminoglycans
Heteropolysaccharides which contain an n-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either n-acetylglucosamine or n-acetylgalactosamine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycosecretory
Causing or involved in the secretion of glycogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosialia
The presence of sugar in the saliva. ... Synonym: glycoptyalism. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Sialon, saliva ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosialorrhoea
An excessive secretion of saliva that contains sugar. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Sialon, saliva, + rhoia, a flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosidase
<enzyme> General and imprecise term for an enzyme that breaks up and degrades complex sugar subunits of a polysaccharide such as starch or sucrose into simple ones, such as glucose or fructose. Widely used in food processing. ... It may distinguish between alpha and beta links but is not very substrate specific. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

glycosidases
A class of hydrolytic enzymes that act on glycosides; alpha-glycosidases act on alpha-glycosidic linkages (e.g., alpha-amylase) while beta-glycosidases act on beta-glycosidic linkages (e.g., beta-glucosidase). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycoside
<biochemistry> Any compound that contains a carbohydrate molecule (sugar), particularly any such natural product in plants, convertible, by hydrolytic cleavage, into sugar and a nonsugar component (aglycone) and named specifically for the sugar contained, as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose) etc. ... (18 Nov 1997) …

glycoside hydrolases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.2.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycosides
Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycon …

glycosidic
Referring to or denoting a glycoside or glycoside linkage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosidic bond
<biochemistry> A bond between a sugar andanother organic molecule by way of anintervening nitrogen or oxygen atom. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycosome
<cell biology> Microbody containing glycolytic enzymes, found in protozoa of the Kinetoplastida (e.g. Trypanosomes). ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycosphingolipid
<biochemistry> Ceramide derivatives containing more than one sugar residue. If sialic acid is present these are called gangliosides. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycosphingolipids
Ceramides which contain one or more sugar moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycostatic
Indicating the property of certain extracts of the anterior hypophysis that permits the body to maintain its glycogen stores in muscle, liver, and other tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosuria
<biochemistry, nephrology> The presence of glucose in the urine, especially the excretion of an abnormally large amount of sugar (glucose) in the urine, i.e., more than 1 gm. In 24 hours. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycosuria, renal
Glycosuria occurring when there is only the normal amount of sugar in the blood, due to inherited inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb glucose completely. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycosyl
The radical resulting from detachment of the OH of the hemiacetal or hemiketal of a saccharide. ... Compare: glycoside. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosyl compound
The compound formed between a sugar and another organic substance in which the OH of the reducing (hemiacetal) group of the former is removed; e.g., the natural nucleosides, in which a heterocyclic N becomes linked directly to the C-1 of ribose (or deoxyribose) to yield ribosyl compounds. ... Compare: glycoside. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycosyl group
<biochemistry> A radical chemical group on a larger molecule, derived from a sugar or starch molecule, which is attached to the rest of the larger molecule by way of a glycosidic bond. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol
Synonym for glypiation ... gPI anchor ...

glycosylated alpha-amylase
<enzyme> Contains a single biantennary n-linked oligosaccharide that terminates with the structure fucalpha1,3(galbeta1,4)glcnac ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: human glycosylated alpha-amylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycosylated haemoglobin
<biochemistry> A test which measures the amount of glucose-bound haemoglobin. As the blood glucose level increases the proportion of haemoglobin molecules which bind glucose increases with time. ... The measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin yields important information regarding how well a patients diabetes is being controlled. ... (27 Sep 19 …

glycosylated haemoglobin test
<investigation> A blood test that measures a person's average blood glucose (sugar) level for the 2- to 3-month period before the test. See: haemoglobin A1C. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycosylation
<biochemistry> The process of adding sugar units such as in the addition of glycan chains to proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycosylceramidase
<enzyme> The enzyme hydrolyzing glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine to a sugar and n-acylsphingosine. It also catalyses the hydrolysis of phlorizin to phloretin and glucose. It is found in the intestinal brush border membrane often in conjunction with lactase. ... Chemical name: Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.62< …

glycosylphosphatidylinositols
Compounds containing carbohydrate or glycosyl groups linked to phosphatidylinositols. They act to anchor proteins or polysaccharides to cell membranes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycosyltransferase
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl group to an acceptor. ... Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of phosphorylases. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl g …

glycotrophic
Pertaining to a principle in extracts of the anterior lobe of the pituitary that antagonises the action of insulin and causes hyperglycaemia. ... See: glycotropic factor. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Trophe, nourishment; trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycotropic factor
A principle in extracts of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis that raises the blood sugar and antagonises the action of insulin; purified pituitary growth hormone produces an identical effect. ... Synonym: insulin-antagonizing factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycuresis
Synonym: glucosuria, glycosuria. ... Origin: Glyco-+ G. Ouresis, urination ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycuronate
<chemical> A salt or ester of a glycuronic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycuronic acid
<biochemistry> The uronic acid of a sugar in which the terminal carbon is oxidised to a carboxyl group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycuronidase
Synonym for beta-d-glucuronidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of various beta-d-glucuronides, liberating free d-glucuronic acid and an alcohol; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with Sly syndrome. ... Synonym: glusulase, glycuronidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycuronide
<biochemistry> A glycoside of a uronic acid; e.g., glucuronide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycuronuria
<nephrology> The presence of glucuronic acid in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycyclamide
<drug> An oral hypoglycaemic agent. ... Chemical name: 1-Cyclohexyl-3-p-tolylsulfonylurea. ... Synonym: cyclamide, tolcyclamide, tolhexamide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycyl
<biochemistry> The acyl radical of glycine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glycyl aminopeptidase
<enzyme> N-glycyl-gamma-l-glutamyl naphthylamide used as substrate ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: glycine aminopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycyl betaine
Synonym for betaine ... <chemical> A derivative of glycine characterised by high water solubility. Can function as an osmotic agent in plant tissues. ... See: biogenic amines. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glycyl chain
Synonym for A chain ... A polypeptide component of insulin containing 21 amino acyl residues, beginning with a glycyl residue (NH2-terminus); insulin is formed by the linkage of an A chain to a B chain by two disulfide bonds; the amino-acid composition of the A chain is a function of species. ... Synonym: glycyl chain. ... In general, one of the polyp …

glycyl endopeptidase
<enzyme> Isoelectric pt greater than 11.1; molecular mass=24k; separable from papaya proteinase a by acid gel electrophoresis; from papaya plant carcica papaya; not inhibited by chicken cystatin ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22.25 ... Synonym: papaya peptidase b, papaya proteinase b, papaya proteinase iv ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycylglycine
<chemical> N-glycylglycine. The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor. ... Chemical name: Glycine, N-glycyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glycylproline 4-nitroanilidase
<enzyme> Splits of glycylproline from p-nitroaniline ... Registry number: EC 3.4.14.- ... Synonym: gpnaase, glycylproline p-nitroanilidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycylprolyl dipeptidase
<enzyme> From b gingivalis; cleaves gly-pro dipeptides from native, partially digested type I collagen; a serine protease ... Registry number: EC 3.4.14.- ... Synonym: glycylprolyl protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glycyrrhetinic acid
<chemical> 3-beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. A product from glycyrrhiza glabra l. Leguminosae with some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation. ... Pharmacological action: anti-inflammat …

glycyrrhiza
1. <botany> A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of which (G. Glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste. ... 2. <remedy> The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc. ... Origin: L, fr. Gr.; sweet + root. Cf. Licorice. ... Source: Websters Dicti …

glycyrrhizic acid
<chemical, drug> A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolised to glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investiga …

glycyrrhizin
<pharmacology> A substance isolated from the root of the licorice plant. ... Used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory and liver protectant, glycyrrhizin also is thought to have anti-HIV activity. Possible adverse effects include low potassium levels and high blood pressure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glycyrrhizin beta-D-glucuronidase
<enzyme> From eubacterium sp. Found in human intestinal flora; hydrolyzes glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetic acid ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: gbd-glucuronidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glyoxal oxidase
<enzyme> From phanerochaete chrysosporium; found in extracellular fluid of ligninolytic cultures; uses simple aldehyde, alpha-hydroxylcarbonyl or alpha-dicarbonyl cpds as substrates; produces hydrogen peroxide ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.- ... Synonym: methylglyoxal oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glyoxalase
<enzyme> An enzyme, lactoylglutathione lyase (g. I) or hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (g. II), in red cells and other tissues that converts glyoxal and substituted glyoxals bound to glutathione into the corresponding free hydroxy acids (g. II) or glyoxals (g. I). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glyoxisome
<cell biology> Organelle found in plant cells, containing the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. ... Also contains catalase and enzymes for _ oxidation of fatty acids. Together with the peroxisome makes up the class of organelles known as microbodies. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glyoxylate aminotransferase
<enzyme> Various amino acids can serve as amino donors; with serine it is EC 2.6.1.45; best donors for rat liver and kidney enzyme are leucine and phenylalanine ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glyoxylate cycle
<biochemistry> Metabolic pathway present in bacteria and in the glyoxisome of plants, in which two acetyl CoA molecules are converted to a 4 carbon dicarboxylic acid, initially succinate. ... Includes two enzymes not found elsewhere, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Permits net synthesis of carbohydrates from lipid and hence is prominent …

glyoxylate synthetase
<enzyme> Catalyses the condensation of two formate molecules into glyoxylate; a tetramer with mw of 160 kD with a subunit mw of 40 kD; isolated from green potato-tuber chloroplasts ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glyoxylate transacetylase
Synonym for malate synthase ... <enzyme> An important enzyme in the glyoxylic acid cycle which reversibly catalyses the synthesis of l-malate from acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. ... Chemical name: L-Malate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-acetylating) ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...