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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

glyoxyldiureide
Synonym for allantoin ... <pharmacology> Any of many nitrogen-containing organic compounds which are found in some plants and in the urine of some mammals. Allantoin is used to treat wounds and ulcers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glyoxylic acid
OHC-COOH;produced by the action of glycine dehydrogenases upon glycine or sarcosine, or from allantoic acid by allantoicase or via alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. ... Synonym: oxoacetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glyoxylic acid cycle
A catabolic cycle in plants and microorganisms like that of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in animals; its key reaction is the condensation of acetyl-CoA with glyoxylic acid to malic acid (analogous to the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the tricarboxylic acid cycle). ... Synonym: Krebs-Kornberg cycle. ... (05 Mar …

glyoxysome
<plant biology> An organelle found only in plants that stores the enzymes responsible for the conversion of lipids to carbohydrates. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glypiation
Synonym for GPI anchor ... <biochemistry, molecular biology> Common modification of the C terminus of membrane attached proteins in which a phosphatidyl inositol moiety is linked through glucosamine and mannose to a phosphoryl ethanolamine residue that is linked to the C terminal amino acid of the protein by its amino group. ... Glypiation is t …

glysobuzole
Synonym for isobuzole ... N-(5-Isobutyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-p-methoxybenzenesulfonamide;an oral hypoglycaemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. ... Synonym: glysobuzole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glyster
Synonym for clyster ... An old term for enema. ... Origin: G. Klyster, fr. Klyzo, fut. Klyso, to wash out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gm
Synonym for gram ... A gram is the unit of measurement used to measure mass in the metric system. It is equal to the mass of one millilitre (one thousandth of a litre) of water at the temperature where water has the highest density (4 degrees C). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Gm allotypes
Refers to human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chains that express different Gm allotypic determinants (antigens). Each of the 25 different Gm allotypes is the product of genes within the constant regions of the human gamma heavy chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gm antigens
Allotypic determinants (antigens) that are present on the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G. There are 25 different determinants present throughout the human population. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gm type
<immunology> Genetically determined allotypic antigens found on IgG of some individuals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

GM1 gangliosidosis
Three forms exist: infantile, generalised; juvenile; and adult; gangliosidosis characterised by accumulation of a specific monosialoganglioside, GM1; due to deficiency of GM1-beta-galactosidase. ... Synonym: generalised gangliosidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GM2 gangliosidosis
One of the hereditary metabolic disorders; several forms exist, including Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease, AV variant and adult onset; characterised by accumulation of a specific metabolite, GM2 ganglioside due to deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B, or GM2 activator factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GM3 ganglioside sialidase
<enzyme> Enzyme deficient in mucolipidosis iv ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: haematoside neuraminidase, ganglioside sialidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Gmelin, Leopold
<person> German physiologist and chemist, 1788-1853. ... See: Gmelin's test, Rosenbach-Gmelin test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gmelin's test
A test for bile in the urine or other body fluid; nitric acid, with a little nitrous acid, is cautiously added to a few milliliters of the material to be tested; if bile (bilirubin) is present, it is oxidised to varying degrees, thereby resulting in disklike zones that are (from the interface outward) yellow, red, violet, blue, and green; developme …

GMP
Synonym for guanylic acid ... A major component of ribonucleic acids. ... Synonym: guanine ribonucleotide, guanosine 5'-monophosphate. ... Guanylic acid reductase (GMP reductase), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction of GMP with NADPH producing IMP, NH3, and NADP+; a part of the purine salvage pathway. ... Guanylic acid synthetase (GMP synthetase), an …

GMP reductase
<abbreviation> Guanylic acid reductase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GMP synthetase
<enzyme> Consider also GMP synthetase (glutamine hydrolysing) EC 6.3.5.2 ... Registry number: EC 6.3.4.1 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

GMS
Synonym for Gomori's methenamine-silver stain ... <technique> Techniques for 1) argentaffin cells: a method using a methenamine-silver solution in combination with gold chloride, sodium thiosulphate, and safranin O; argentaffin granules appear brown-black against a green background; 2) urates: warm sections are treated directly with a hot meth …

gnashing
The grinding together of the teeth as a nonmasticatory function; sometimes associated with emotional tension. ... See: bruxism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnat
1. <zoology> A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus Culex, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called mosquitoes. See Mosquito. ... 2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; e …

gnathic
<anatomy> Of or pertaining to the jaw. Gnathic index, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; called also alveolar index. 'Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from …

gnathic index
Relation between the basialveolar (basion to alveolar point) and basinasal (basion to nasion) lengths: (basialveolar length &times; 100)/basinasal length; the result indicates the degree of projection of the maxilla or upper jaw. ... Synonym: alveolar index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathion
The most inferior point of the mandible in the midline. In cephalometrics, it is the midpoint between the most anterior and inferior point on the bony chin, measured at the intersection of the mandibular baseline and the nasion-pogonion line. ... Origin: G. Gnathos, jaw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnatho-
The jaw. ... Origin: G. Gnathos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathocephalus
<embryology> A foetal malformation with little of the head formed except the jaws. ... Origin: Gnatho-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathodynamics
<study> The study of the relationship of the magnitude and direction of the forces developed by and upon the components of the masticatory system during function. ... Origin: Gnatho-+ G. Dynamis, power ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathodynamometer
<instrument> A device for measuring biting pressure. ... Synonym: bite gauge, occlusometer. ... Origin: Gnatho-+ dynamometer ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathography
The recording of the action of the masticatory apparatus in function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathological
Pertaining to gnathodynamics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathology
The science of the masticatory system, including physiology, functional disturbances, and treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathoplasty
Plastic surgery of the jaw. ... Origin: Gnatho-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathoschisis
Cleft of the jaw. ... Origin: Gnatho-+ G. Schisis, a cleaving ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathostatics
<dentistry> In orthodontic diagnosis, a technical procedure for orienting the dentition to certain cranial landmarks. ... Origin: Gnatho-+ G. Statikos, causing to stand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnathostomiasis
<dermatology, microbiology> A migrating oedema, or creeping eruption, caused by cutaneous infection by larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum. ... Synonym: Yangtze oedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gneiss
<geology> A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. ... Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called hornblendic or syenitic gneiss. Similar varieties of …

gnome
1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc. ... 2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance. ... 3. <zoology> A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States. ... 4. [Gr] A brief reflect …

gnome's calf
An obsolete term denoting the very full rounded calf occurring in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy affecting the gastrocnemius muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnomon
1. The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis. ... 2. <astronomy> A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow. ... 3. <geom …

gnosia
The perceptive faculty enabling one to recognise the form and the nature of persons and things; the faculty of perceiving and recognizing. ... Origin: G. Gnosis, knowledge ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnostic
One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successiv …

gnotobiology
The study of animals in the absence of contaminating microorganisms; i.e., of 'germ-free' animals. ... Origin: G. Gnotos, known, + bios, life, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnotobiota
Living colonies or species, assembled from pure isolates. ... Origin: G. Gnotos, known, + Mod. L. Biota, fr. G. Bios, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnotobiote
An individual organism from a group assembled from pure isolates (gnotobiota). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gnotobiotic
Denoting germ-free or formerly germ-free organisms in which the composition of any associated microbial flora, if present, is fully defined. ... Origin: see gnotobiota ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GnRH
Synonym for gonadotropin-releasing hormone ... gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ...

gnu
<zoology> One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. ... Alternative forms: gnoo. ... The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. Gorgon) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the n …

go
1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make progress; used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied. ... 2. To move upon the feet, or step by …

goal
In psychology, any object or objective that an organism seeks to attain or achieve. ... Origin: M.E. Gol ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goals
The end-result or objective, which may be specified or required in advance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goat
<zoology> A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of several species and varieties, especially. The domestic goat (C. Hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin. ... The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (Capra aegagrus), of Asia …

goat diseases
Diseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus capra. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goat's milk anaemia
Nutritional anaemia in infants maintained chiefly with goat's milk, which is relatively poor in iron content. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goatpox
An acute infectious disease of goats caused by a strain of Capripoxvirus and characterised by generalised vesicular eruptions on the skin and frequently the respiratory mucous membranes; it occurs chiefly in southern and eastern Europe and North Africa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goatpox virus
A virus of the genus Capripoxvirus; the cause of goatpox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goats
Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned ruminants of the genus capra, closely related to the sheep. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goatsucker
<ornithology> One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, especially. The European species (Caprimulgus Europaeus); so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr, churr-owl, gna …

goblet cell
1. <pathology> Cell of the epithelial lining of small intestine that secretes mucus and has a very well developed Golgi apparatus. ... 2. <zoology> Cell type characteristic of larval lepidopteran midgut, containing a potent H ATPase and thought to be involved in maintenance of ion and pH gradients. ... (10 Oct 1997) ...

god
1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol. 'He maketh a god, and worshipeth it.' (Is. Xliv. 15) 'The race of Israel . . . Bowing lowly down To bestial gods.' (Milton) ... 2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Cre …

Godelier
Charles P., French physician, 1813-1877. ... See: Godelier's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Godelier's law
Tuberculosis of the peritoneum is always associated with tuberculosis of the pleura on one or both sides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

godfather
A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction. 'There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired.' (B …

Godman
John D., U.S. Anatomist, 1794-1830. ... See: Godman's fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Godman's fascia
An extension of the pretracheal fascia into the thorax and on to the pericardium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Godwin
John T., U.S. Pathologist, *1917. ... See: Godwin tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Godwin tumour
Synonym for benign lymphoepithelial lesion ... Benign tumour-like masses of lymphoid tissue in the parotid gland, containing scattered small, mainly solid islands of epithelial cells. ... Synonym: Godwin tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

godwit
<ornithology> One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the genus Limosa, and family Tringidae. The European black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. Fedoa), the Hudsonian godwit (L. Haemastica), and others, are valued as game birds. ... Synonym: godwin. ... Origin: Prob. From AS. Gd good + wiht creature …

Goeckerman
William H., U.S. Dermatologist, 1884-1954. ... See: Goeckerman treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Goeckerman treatment
A treatment for psoriasis; the involved areas are painted with a solution of coal tar, or are covered with crude coal tar ointment and subsequently irradiated with ultraviolet (UVB). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Goethe's bone
Synonym for preinterparietal bone ... A large sutural bone occasionally found detached from the anterior portion of the os interparietale. ... Synonym: Goethe's bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gofman
Moses, German physician, *1887. ... See: Gofman test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gofman test
A test for various serum lipoproteins that contain cholesterol, as an index of the tendency to the development of atheromatous lesions and arteriosclerosis; the test is based on the differential flotation of molecules of various sizes when the serum is treated in an ultracentrifuge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Goggia
Carlo P., 20th century Italian physician. ... See: Goggia's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Goggia's sign
<clinical sign> The fibrillation of the biceps muscle, when pinched and tapped, is confined to a limited area in cases of debilitating disease, whereas in health it is general. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goggle
1. A screen cover for the eye. ... 2. A type of spectacle with auxiliary shields for protecting the eyes. ... Origin: M.E. Gogelen, to squint ... Plethysmographic goggle, a specially designed goggle to serve as an ophthalmodynamometer while permitting subjective visual and objective ocular changes during transient increased intraocular pressure. ... (0 …

going
1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad. ... 2. Departure. ... 3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. ... 4. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways. 'His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings.' (Job xxxiv. 21) Going barrel. A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive t …

goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland. A goiter is not cancerous. A goiter can be associated with normal, elevated (hyperthyroidism) or decreased (hypothyroidism) thyroid hormone levels in the blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goiter, diffuse toxic
Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthroidism, too much thyroid hormone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goiter, endemic
Enlargement of the thyroid gland in a significantly large fraction of a population group, generally considered to be due to insufficient iodine in the diet. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goiter, iodide
Just as too little iodine can cause thyroid disease, so may prolonged intake of too much iodine also lead to the development of goiter (swelling of the thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism (abnormally low thyroid activity). Certain foods and medications contain large amounts of iodine. Examples include seaweed; iodine-rich expectorants (such as SSKI a …

goiter, nodular
An enlarged thyroid gland containing circumscribed nodules within its substance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goiter, substernal
An enlarged thyroid gland where the enlarged gland is situated beneath the sternum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goiter, toxic multinodular
Condition in which the thyroid gland contains multiple lumps (nodules) that are overactive and produce excess thyroid hormones. This condition is also known as Parry's disease or Plummer's disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

goitre
<clinical sign, endocrinology> An enlargement of the thyroid gland that is usually visible as a swelling in the anterior portion of the neck. Simple goitre occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to meet the demands of the body (for example iodine deficiency). The thyroid gland compensates by enlarging. ... Some foods such as cabbage, soybeans …

goitrogen
Any substance that induces goiter, e.g., cabbage, rapeseed, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goitrogenic
Causing goiter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

goitrous
Denoting or characteristic of a goiter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gold
1. <chemistry> A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow colour, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and ther …

gold alloy
An alloy whose principal ingredient is gold, usually contains copper or platinum and silver; used in dentistry for restorations requiring considerable strength. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gold alloys
Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gold casting
A casting made of gold, usually formed to represent and replace lost tooth structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gold colloid
A purplish suspension of minute particles of metallic gold, made by reducing a solution of bromauric acid or other acid or salt of gold. It is used as a probe in immunochemistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gold colloid, radioactive
<chemical> A radioactive suspension of minute particles of metallic gold, made by exposure to neutrons. It is used in the pleural cavity to treat lung cancer. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, radiopharmaceuticals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gold compound
<pharmacology> A group of medications which act to suppress inflammation in synovial tissue. ... Examples include gold sodium thiomalate, auranofin and aurothioglucose. These medications are indicated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gold compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain gold as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gold equivalent
A unit of power of the protective colloids; the number of milligrams of protective colloid just sufficient to prevent the precipitation of 10 ml of a 0.0053 to 0.0058% gold solution by the action of 1 ml of a 10% sodium chloride solution. ... Synonym: gold number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gold foil
Pure gold rolled into extremely thin sheets; used in the restoration of carious or fractured teeth. ... See: cohesive gold, noncohesive gold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gold inlay
A gold restoration fabricated by casting in a mold made from a wax pattern; the restoration is sealed in the prepared cavity with dental cement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gold isotopes
Stable gold atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gold, but differ in atomic weight. Au-197 is a stable isotope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...