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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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gracile nucleusThe medial one of the three nuclei of the dorsal column, the remaining two being the cuneate nucleus and the accessory cuneate nucleus, which corresponds to the clava; it receives dorsal-root fibres conveying sensory innervation of the leg, and lower trunk, and projects, by way of the medial lemniscus, to the ventral nucleus posterior nucleus of th …
gracile tubercleTubercle of gracile nucleus, the somewhat expanded upper end of the gracile fasciculus, corresponding to the position of the gracile nucleus. ... Synonym: tuberculum nuclei gracilis, clava, gracile tubercle, tubercle of nucleus gracilis, tuberculum gracile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gracilis<anatomy, muscle> Origin, ramus of pubis near symphysis; insertion, shaft of tibia below medial tuberosity (see pes anserinus); action, adducts thigh, flexes knee, rotates leg medially; nerve supply, obturator. ... Synonym: musculus gracilis, gracilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gracilis syndrome<syndrome> Osteonecrosis of the pubic bone following trauma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gracious1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. Or bestowing mercy; characterised by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty. 'A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful.' (Neh. Ix. 17) 'So hallowed and so gracious in the time.' (Shak) ... 2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, …
grackle<ornithology> One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icteridae; as, the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. Versicolour). See Crow blackbird, under Crow. ... An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna. ... Origin: Cf. L. Graculus jackdaw.< …
grad<abbreviation> L. Gradatim, by degrees, gradually. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grad-shafranov equation<radiobiology> Reduced magnetohydrodynamic-equilibrium equation for an axisymmetric, toroidal plasma. (Similar reduced equations can be derived for the cases of helical symmetry and for the straight cylinder.) ... Analytic and numerical studies of these equations are important in exploring potential plasma configurations. The lowest order forc …
gradeA harsh scraping or cutting; a grating. 'The grade of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone.' (Whittier) ... 1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour. 'They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teach …
grade I astrocytoma<tumour> Solid or cystic astrocytoma of high differentiation or low grade. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grade II astrocytoma<tumour> Astrocytoma of intermediate grade. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grade III astrocytoma<tumour> Astrocytoma of intermediate grade. ... See: glioblastoma multiforme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grade IV astrocytomaSynonym for glioblastoma multiforme ... <oncology, tumour> A malignant brain tumour that accounts for 75% of glial tumours (arising from glial cells in the brain). Treatment is difficult and consists of a combination of radiation therapy and surgery. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
Gradenigo, Giuseppe<person> Italian physician, 1859-1926. ... See: Gradenigo's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gradenigo's syndrome<syndrome> Petrositis with abducens paralysis and pain in the temporal region, due to localised meningitis involving the fifth and sixth nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gradient<physics> Mathematical term for the operator which determines the magnitude and direction of the greatest rate-of-change of a given function with position. Similarly used to describe such a rate-of-change. ... For instance, at a given point on a hill, the slope of the hill in the steepest uphill direction is the gradient of the altitude functi …
gradient elutionElution in column chromatography in which a changing pH or ionic strength is used to separate substances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gradient encodingSynonym for phase encoding ... In magnetic resonance imaging, the technique of inducing a gradient in the magnetic field in the Y-axis to induce phase differences with location. ... Synonym: gradient encoding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gradient perception<cell biology> Problem faced by a cell that is to respond directionally to a gradient of, for example: a diffusible attractant chemical. ... In a spatial mechanism the cell would compare receptor occupancy at different sites on the cell surface, a temporal mechanism would involve comparison of concentrations at different times, the cell moving …
gradingTo bring an existing surface to a designed form by cutting, filling and/or smoothing operations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
gradualTaking place by a series of small changes over a long period, not sudden. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
graduate1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning. ... 2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See Graduated. ... Origin: LL. Graduatus, p. P. Of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. Gradus grade. …
graduate nurseA nurse who has received a degree, most often a bachelor's degree, from a school or college of nursing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
graduated1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades. ... 2. <zoology> Tapered; said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer. Graduated tube, bottle, cap, or glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents …
graduated compressLayers of cloth thickest in the centre, becoming thinner toward the periphery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
graduated pipetteA pipette with a plain, narrow tube drawn out to a tip and graduated uniformly along its length. Calibration marks may be confined to the stem (Mohr pipette) or extend to the tip (serologic pipette). ... Synonym: Mohr pipette, serologic pipette. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
graduated tenotomy<procedure> Partial incisions of the tendon of an eye muscle for correction of strabismus. ... Subcutaneous tenotomy, division of a tendon by means of a small pointed knife introduced through skin and subcutaneous tissue without an open operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
graduation1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in colour; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc. ... 2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale. ... 3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as …
Graefe forcepsA small thumb forceps with one horizontal row of six or eight delicate teeth across each tip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefe, Albrecht von<person> German ophthalmologist, 1828-1870. ... See: Graefe forceps, Graefe's knife, Graefe's operation, Graefe's sign, Graefe's spots, pseudo-Graefe's phenomenon, Graefe's sign, von Graefe's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefe's knifeA narrow-bladed knife used in making a section of the cornea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefe's operationRemoval of cataract by a limbal incision with capsulotomy and iridectomy. Both operations were landmarks in the field of ophthalmic surgery, iridectomy for glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefe's sign<clinical sign> In Grave's disease, lag of the upper eyelid as it follows the rotation of the eyeball downward. ... Synonym: von Graefe's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefe's spotsSmall areas over the vertebrae or near the supraorbital foramen, pressure upon which causes relaxation of blepharofacial spasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefenberg ringAn obsolete term for a silver or silkworm gut ring designed for insertion into the uterine cavity as a means of contraception. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graefenberg, Ernst<person> German gynecologist in America, 1881-1957. ... See: Graefenberg ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graffi, Arnold<person> German pathologist, *1910. ... See: Graffi's virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graffi's virusA mouse myeloleukaemia virus from filtrates of transplantable tumours; possibly related to Gross' virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
graftTo insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc, into another; to practice grafting. ... A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. ... A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. ... <sur …
graft enhancement, immunologicThe induction of prolonged survival and growth of allografts of either tumours or normal tissues which would ordinarily be rejected. It may be induced passively by introducing graft-specific antibodies from previously immunised donors, which bind to the graft's surface antigens, masking them from recognition by T-cells; or actively by prior immuniz …
graft occlusion<physiology> Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
graft rejection<haematology, immunology> When donated bone marrow infused during a bone marrow transplant is rejected by the patients body or does not take. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
graft survival<haematology> The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
graft-versus-host disease<haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. ... When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunological competence, an incompatibility reactio …
graft-versus-host reactionSynonym for graft-versus-host disease ... <haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. ... When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunologic …
graft-versus-host responseSynonym for graft-versus-host disease ... <haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. ... When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunologic …
grafting1. <botany> The act, art, or process of inserting grafts. ... 2. The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc. ... 3. <surgery> The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty. ... 4. A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another. ... <botany> Cleft grafting, a method of g …
Graham Little syndromeSynonym for lichen planopilaris ... Follicular hyperkeratosis of the scalp with lymphocytic perifolliculitis and lichen planus elsewhere. ... Synonym: Graham Little syndrome, lichen planus et acuminatus atrophicans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graham Little, Sir Ernest Gordon<person> British physician. ... Lived: 1867-1950. ... See: Graham Little syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graham Steell's murmur<cardiology, clinical sign> An early diastolic murmur of pulmonary insufficiency secondary to pulmonary hypertension, as in mitral stenosis and various congenital defects associated with pulmonary hypertension. ... Synonym: Steell's murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graham-Cole testSynonym for cholecystography ... Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Graham, Evarts Ambrose<person> U.S. Surgeon who reported with W. H. Cole the first successful cholecystography in 1924; In 1933, with J. J. Singer, reported first successful removal of a lung for cancer in one stage. ... Lived: 1883-1957. ... See: Graham-Cole test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graham, Thomas<person> English chemist. ... Lived: 1805-1869. ... See: Graham's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Graham's law<physics> The relative rapidity of diffusion of two gases varies inversely as the square root of their densities, i.e., their molecular weights. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Grahamella<bacteria> A genus of aerobic, nonmotile microorganisms (order Rickettsiales) containing long or short, rod-shaped, Gram-negative cells which resemble those of Bartonella but which are less pleomorphic. These organisms occur within the erythrocytes of lower mammals, but they appear to be nonpathogenic and do not affect the health of the host. …
grain<botany> A fruit characteristic of grasses (such as rice), pollen grain, a microspore of a seed plant, or the partially developed gametophyte formed from it. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
grain alcoholSynonym for alcohol ... <chemical> An organic chemical containing one or more hydroxyl groups. Alcohols can be liquids, semisolids or solids at room temperature. ... Common alcohols include ethanol (the type found in alcoholic beverages) methanol (found in methylated spirit and can cause blindness and other nervous system damage if ingested) an …
grain itchA cutaneous eruption occasionally noted in farmers and grain handlers, caused by the action of the mite Pyemotes ventricosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grained1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough. ... 2. Dyed in grain; ingrained. 'Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness. ' (Sir T. Browne) ... 3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc. ... 4. <botany> Having tubercles or grainlike …
graining1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. ... 2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised. ... 3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, atone, etc. ... 4. The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt. ... <zoology> A small European fresh water fish (Leucis …
grainsParakeratotic nuclei within the horny layer of the epidermis, found in keratosis follicularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gramA gram is the unit of measurement used to measure mass in the metric system. It is equal to the mass of one millilitre (one thousandth of a litre) of water at the temperature where water has the highest density (4 degrees C). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
gram calorieSynonym for small calorie ... The quantity of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C, or from 14.5°C to 15.5°C in the case of normal or standard calorie. ... Synonym: gram calorie. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram equivalentThe weight in grams of an element that combines with or replaces 1 gram of hydrogen, the atomic or molecular weight in grams of an atom or group of atoms involved in a chemical reaction divided by the number of electrons donated, taken up, or shared by the atom or group of atoms in the course of that reaction, the weight of a substance contained in …
Gram stain<microbiology, procedure> A method of staining bacteria using a violet stain. The gram staining characteristics (denoted as positive or negative) can assist in the identification of the offending bacteria. ... A heat fixed bacterial smear is stained with crystal violet (methyl violet), treated with 3% iodine/potassium iodide solution, washed w …
gram-atomic weightAtomic weight expressed in grams. ... Compare: mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram-centimeterThe energy exerted, or work done, when a mass of 1 g is raised a height of 1 cm; equal to 9.807 × 10-5 joules or newton-meters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram-ion<chemistry> The weight in grams of an ion that is equal to the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms making up the ion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram-meter<unit> A unit of energy equal to 100 gram-centimeters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram-molecular weightMolecular weight expressed in grams. ... Compare: mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram-molecule<unit> The amount of a substance with a mass in grams equal to its molecular weight; e.g., a gram-molecule of hydrogen weighs 2.016 g, that of water 18.015 g. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gram-negative<microbiology> A common class of bacteria normally found in the gastrointestinal tract that can be responsible for disease in man (sepsis). ... Bacteria are considered to be gram-negative because of their characteristic staining properties under the microscope, where they either do not stain or are decolourised by alcohol during Gram's method …
gram-negative aerobic bacteria<microbiology> A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-negative anaerobic bacteria<microbiology> A large group of anaerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-negative anaerobic cocci<microbiology> A group of anaerobic coccoid bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-negative bacteria<microbiology> Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by gram's method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-negative bacterial infections<microbiology> Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-positive<microbiology> Bacteria that retain the stain or that are resistant to decolourisation by alcohol during Gram's method of staining. ... This is a primary characteristic of bacteria whose cell wall is composed of a thick layer of peptidologlycan containing teichoic and lipoteichoic acid complexed to the peptidoglycan. ... See: gram-negative ... ( …
gram-positive asporogenous rods<microbiology> A gram-positive, non-spore-forming group of bacteria comprising organisms that have morphological and physiological characteristics in common. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-positive bacteria<microbiology> Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by gram's method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-positive bacterial infections<microbiology> Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-positive cocci<microbiology> Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by gram's method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gram-positive rods<microbiology> A large group of rod-shaped bacteria that retains the crystal violet stain when treated by gram's method. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Gram, Hans<person> Danish bacteriologist, 1853-1938. ... See: Gram's iodine, Gram's stain, Weigert-Gram stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gram's iodine<microbiology> A solution containing iodine and potassium iodide, used in Gram's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gram's stain<microbiology, technique> A method for differential staining of bacteria; smears are fixed by flaming, stained in a solution of crystal violet, treated with iodine solution, rinsed, decolorised, and then counterstained with safranin O. ... Gram-positive organisms stain purple black and Gram-negative organisms stain pink; useful in bacterial ta …
gramicidinGramicidins are a group of polypeptide antibiotics derived from the bacterial species Bacillus brevis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Gramicidin A<molecular biology> A linear peptide of alternate D and L amino acids that acts as a cation ionophore in lipid bilayer membranes. It is proposed that two molecules form a membrane spanning helix containing a pore lined with polar residues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
graminoidGrasses (Family Gramineae or Poaceae) and grasslike plants such as sedges (Family Cyperaceae) and rushes (Family Juncaceae). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
grammar1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing. ... The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. ... 2. Th …
gramme<unit> The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain. ... <physics> Gram degree, or Gramme degree, a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to r …
grampus1. <marine biology> A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, especially. G. Griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its colour is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii. ... 2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. ... Origin: …
grana<plant biology> Bodies within the chloroplasts of plant cells that contain layers composed of chlorophyll and phospholipids. ... Origin: pl. Of L. Granum, grain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
granadilla<botany> The fruit of certain species of passion flower (especially. Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices. ... Origin: Sp, dim. Of granada pomegranate. See Grenade, Garnet. ... Source: Websters Dict …
granatumSynonym: pomegranate. ... Origin: L. Granatus, having many seeds ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grand malSynonym for generalised tonic-clonic seizure ... tonic-clonic seizure ...
grand mal epilepsyOlder term for epilepsy characterised by generalised tonic-clonic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grand mal seizureA type of seizure that results in loss of consciousness, generalised muscle contractions, urinary incontinence, tongue biting and a post-ictal state (confusion and lethargy) following cessation of the seizure. Also referred to as a grand-mal seizure. ... See: epilepsy. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
granddaughter cystA tertiary cyst sometimes developed within a daughter cyst, as in the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
grandiosePertaining to feelings of great importance, expansiveness, or delusions of grandeur. ... Origin: It. Grandioso, fr. L. Grandis, large ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
