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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

groove for middle temporal artery
<anatomy, artery> A vertical groove located above the external acoustic meatus on the external surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: sulcus arteriae temporalis mediae, sulcus for middle temporal artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for radial nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The shallow groove that passes around the shaft of the humerus; it lodges the radial nerve and deep brachial artery. ... Synonym: sulcus nervi radialis, musculospiral groove, spiral groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for sigmoid sinus
A broad groove in the posterior cranial fossa, first situated on the lateral portion of the occipital bone, then curving around the jugular process on to the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, and finally turning sharply on the posterior inferior angle of the parietal bone and becoming continuous with the transverse groove; it lodges the transve …

groove for spinal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The laterally directed groove on the superior surface of the transverse processes of typical cervical vertebrae between the anterior and posterior tubercles along which the emerging spinal nerve passes. ... Synonym: sulcus nervi spinalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for subclavian vein
<anatomy, vein> A groove just anterior to the scalene tubercle of the first rib marking the course of the subclavian vein across the rib. ... Synonym: sulcus venae subclaviae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for superior petrosal sinus
A groove on the crest of the petrous portion of the temporal bone in which rests the superior petrosal sinus. ... Synonym: sulcus sinus petrosi superioris, superior petrosal sulcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for superior sagittal sinus
The groove in the midline of the inner table of the calvaria lodging the superior sagittal sinus. ... Synonym: sulcus sinus sagittalis superioris, sagittal groove, sagittal sulcus, superior longitudinal sulcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for superior vena cava
A groove on the surface of the right lung, above the hilum, in which runs the superior vena cava. ... Synonym: sulcus venae cavae cranialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for the descending aorta
A broad, deep, vertical sulcus immediately posterior to the hilus on the mediastinal surface of the left lung, formed as a result of the descending aorta impressing or indenting the lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for transverse sinus
The groove on the inner surface of the occipital bone marking the course of the transverse sinus; the tentorium is attached to its margins. ... Synonym: sulcus sinus transversi, sulcus for transverse sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for ulnar nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A furrow on the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, lodging the ulnar nerve. ... Synonym: sulcus nervi ulnaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove for vertebral artery
<anatomy, artery> The sulcus on the superior aspect of the posterior arch of the atlas that transmits the vertebral artery medially toward the foramen magnum. ... Synonym: sulcus arteriae vertebralis, sulcus for vertebral artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove of crus of the helix
A transverse fissure on the cranial surface of the auricle corresponding to the crus of the helix. ... Synonym: sulcus cruris helicis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove of greater petrosal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The groove on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone that lodges the greater petrosal nerve. ... Synonym: sulcus nervi petrosi majoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove of lesser petrosal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The groove on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone that accommodates the lesser petrosal nerve in its course to the otic ganglion. ... Synonym: sulcus nervi petrosi minoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove of nail matrix
Synonym for sulcus matricis unguis ... The cutaneous furrow in which the lateral border of the nail is situated. ... Synonym: groove of nail matrix, vallecula unguis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove of pterygoid hamulus
A groove at the base of the hamular process which forms a pulley for the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle. ... Synonym: sulcus hamuli pterygoidei, sulcus of pterygoid hamulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groove sign
<clinical sign> Large, hard, fixed, and extremely tender lymph nodes in the groin above and below the inguinal ligament, with a groove along the ligament; characteristic of lymphogranuloma venereum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grooved tongue
Synonym for fissured tongue ... A painless condition of the tongue characterised by numerous grooves or furrows on the dorsal surface. ... Synonym: grooved tongue, lingua fissurata, lingua plicata, scrotal tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grosbeak
<zoology> One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris. ... Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosb …

gross
Coarse or large; large enough to be visible to the naked eye. ... Origin: L. Grossus, thick ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gross anatomy
General anatomy, so far as it can be studied without the use of the microscope; commonly used to denote the study of anatomy by dissection of a cadaver. ... See: practical anatomy. ... Synonym: macroscopic anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gross haematuria
The presence of blood in the urine in sufficient quantity to be visible to the naked eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gross heating value
(GHV) The maximum potential energy in the fuel as received. It reflects the displacement of fibre by water present in the fuel. Expressed as: GHV = HHV (1 - MC / 100) ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

gross lesion
A lesion plainly visible to the naked eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gross reproduction rate
The average number of female children a woman would have if she survived to the end of her childbearing years and if, throughout that period, she were subject to a given set of age-specific fertility rates and a given sex ratio at birth; this rate provides a measure of the replacement fertility of a population in the absence of mortality. ... (05 Ma …

gross virus
A murine leukaemia virus obtained from inbred mice with a high incidence of spontaneous lymphoid leukaemia. Infection is passed by vertical transmission from one generation to another through the ovum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Gross, Ludwik
<person> 20th century U.S. Oncologist. ... See: Gross' virus, Gross' leukaemia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gross' leukaemia virus
Synonym for Gross' virus ... A strain of mouse leukaemia virus. ... Synonym: Gross' leukaemia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gross' virus
A strain of mouse leukaemia virus. ... Synonym: Gross' leukaemia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ground
1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. 'There was not a man to till the ground.' (Gen. Ii. 5) 'The fire ran along upon the ground.' (Ex. Ix. 23) Hence: ... A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth. ... 2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A …

ground bundles
Synonym for fasciculi proprii ... Flechsig's fasciculi or ground bundles (f. Anterior proprius and fasciculus lateralis proprius or lateral ground bundle); intersegmental fasciculi; ascending and descending association fibre systems of the spinal cord which lie deep in the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi adjacent to the gray matter. ... Syn …

ground itch
Synonym for cutaneous ancylostomiasis ... Cutaneous larva migrans caused by larvae of hookworms. ... Synonym: ancylostoma dermatitis, ancylostomiasis cutis, coolie itch, dew itch, ground itch, swamp itch, swimmer's itch, toe itch, water itch, water sore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ground itch anaemia
Anaemia associated with hookworm disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ground lamella
Synonym for interstitial lamella ... One of the lamellae of partially resorbed osteons occurring between newer, complete osteons. ... Synonym: ground lamella, intermediary system, intermediate lamella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ground state
<chemistry, radiobiology> The state of a nucleus, atom or molecule at its lowest energy. All other states are excited. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

ground substance
The amorphous material in which structural elements occur; in connective tissue, it is composed of proteoglycans, plasma constituents, metabolites, water, and ions present between cells and fibres. ... Synonym: substantia fundamentalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ground tissue
<plant biology> Plant tissues other than those of the vascular system and the dermal tissues. Composed of relatively undifferentiated cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ground water
That portion of the water below the surface of the ground whose pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ground-glass pattern
Radiographic or CT appearance of hazy opacity which fails to obscure pulmonary vascular markings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

groundnut
<botany> The fruit of the Arachis hypogaea (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. ... A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. ... The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). ... A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. Flexuosum) having …

group
1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles. ... 2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata. ... 3. <biology> A variously l …

group A streptococci
A common bacteria that is the cause of strep throat, scarlet fever, impetigo, cellulitis-erysipelas, rheumatic fever, acute glomerular nephritis, endocarditis, and group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis. The prototype is Streptococcus pyogenes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group agglutination
Agglutination by antibodies specific for minor (group) antigens common to several microorganisms, each of which possesses its own major specific antigen. ... Synonym: cross agglutination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group agglutinin
An immune agglutinin specific for a group antigen. ... Synonym: cross-reacting agglutinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group antigens
Antigen's that are shared by related genera of microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group B streptococci
A leading cause of a form of neonatal sepsis that has a 10-20% mortality rate and leaves a large number of survivors with brain damage. Also a leading cause of meningitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group dynamics
A term used to represent the study of underlying features of group behaviour, e.g., motives, attitudes; it is concerned with group change rather than with static characteristics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group homes
Housing for groups of patients, children, or others who need or desire emotional or physical support. They are usually established as planned, single housekeeping units in residential dwellings that provide care and supervision for small groups of residents, who, although unrelated, live together as a family. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group hospital
A private hospital organised and controlled by a group of physicians and restricted to the reception and care of their own patients. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group I mycobacteria
Mycobacteria that produce a bright yellow colour when grown in the presence of light. Organisms placed in this group appear to belong to the species Mycobacterium kansasii. ... Synonym: photochromogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group II mycobacteria
Mycobacteria that produce a yellow pigment even when grown in the dark; when grown in the light, the pigment is orange. These organisms behave as do saprophytes in humans and are nonpathogenic to laboratory animals. ... Synonym: scotochromogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group III mycobacteria
Mycobacteria that are either colourless or that slowly produce a light yellow pigment when grown in the presence of light. Organisms placed in this group belong to the species Mycobacterium intracellulare. ... Synonym: nonchromogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group immunity
Synonym for herd immunity ... <immunology> Resistance of a group to a pathogen due to immunity of a large proportion of the group to that pathogen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

group IV mycobacteria
Mycobacteria that grow rapidly and that do not produce pigment. Organisms placed in this group belong to such species as Mycobacterium ulcerans and M. Marinum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group practice
Any group of three or more full-time physicians organised in a legally recognised entity for the provision of health care services, sharing space, equipment, personnel and records for both patient care and business management, and who have a predetermined arrangement for the distribution of income. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group practice, dental
Any group of three or more full-time dentists, organised in a legally recognised entity for the provision of dental care, sharing space, equipment, personnel and records for both patient care and business management, and who have a predetermined arrangement for the distribution of income. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group practice, prepaid
An organised group of three or more full-time physicians rendering services for a fixed prepayment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group processes
The procedures through which a group approaches, attacks, and solves a common problem. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group psychotherapy
A type of psychological treatment involving several patients participating together in the presence of one or more psychotherapists who facilitate both emotional and rational cognitive interaction to effect uniquely targeted changes in the maladaptive behaviour of the individual patient in his or her everyday interpersonal exchanges. See also entri …

group purchasing
A shared service which combines the purchasing power of individual organizations or facilities in order to obtain lower prices for equipment and supplies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group reaction
A reaction with an agglutinin or other antibody that is common (though usually in varying concentrations) to an entire group of related bacteria, e.g., the coli group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group structure
The informal or formal organization of a group of people based on a network of personal relationships which is influenced by the size and composition, etc., of the group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

group test
In psychology, a test designed to be administered to more than one individual at a time; e.g., scholastic achievement test, medical college admissions test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group transfer
The transfer of a functional moiety from one molecule to another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

group translocation
A process of actively importing compounds into the bacterial cell. The compound diffuses into the cell passively, and is immediately modified (for example by phosphorylation) so that it cannot diffuse back out. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

group velocity
<radiobiology> This is derived from the dispersion relation as Vgroup = dw/dk, the group velocity is the rate at which modulations or information within a wave travel through a given medium. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

group-specific protease
<enzyme> A serine protease, obtained from rat small intestine, which preferentially inactivates the apo forms of certain pyridoxal phosphate requiring enzymes ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

grouper
<zoology> One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranidae, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. Morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. Nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. ... The tripletail (Lobotes). ... In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. ... A …

grouse
<ornithology> Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonidae, and subfamily Tetraoninae, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet. ... Among the European species ar …

grove
Origin: AS. Graf, fr. Grafan to dig. ... The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, and cf. Groove] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent. ... The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorised Version of the Bib …

Grover, Ralph
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, *1920. ... See: Grover's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Grover's disease
Synonym for transient acantholytic dermatosis ... A pruritic papular eruption, with histologic suprabasal acantholysis, of the chest, with scattered lesions of the back and lateral aspects of the extremities, lasting from a few weeks to several months; seen predominantly in males over 40. ... Synonym: Grover's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grow
1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; said of animals and vegetables and their organs. ... 2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. 'Winter began to grow fast on.' (Kno …

growing fracture
Linear skull fracture in a young child which increases in size, usually as the result of an associated dural tear and arachnoid cyst formation within the fracture line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

growing ovarian follicle
A follicle having several layers of proliferating follicular cells surrounding the ovum, but separated from it by an extracellular glycoprotein layer (zona pellucida). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

growing pains
Mysterious pains in growing children, usually in the legs. These pains are similar to what the weekend gardener suffers from on monday an overuse type of problem. If in playing, children exceed their regular threshold, they will be sore, just like an adult. Growing pains are typically somewhat diffuse (vs. Focal) and are not associated with physica …

growth
1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle we …

growth and embryonic development
Developmental processes from cell division to embryogenesis to postnatal growth and maturity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

growth arrest lines
Dense lines parallel to the growth plates of long bones on radiographs, representing temporary slowing or cessation of longitudinal growth. ... Synonym: Harris' lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

growth associated proteins
<growth factor> Group of developmentally regulated polypeptides thought to be critical for the formation of neural circuitry. The acidic membrane phosphoprotein GAP 43 is synthesised and transported down regenerating and developing axons, pp46 localised in growth cone membranes during embryogenesis, B 50 in mature presynaptic membranes in the …

growth cone
<cell biology> A specialised region at the tip of a growing neurite that is responsible for sensing the local environment and moving toward the neuron's target cell. Growth cones are hand shaped, with several long filopodia that differentially adhere to surfaces in the embryo. Growth cones can be sensitive to several guidance cues, for exampl …

growth cone collapse
<cell biology> Loss of motile activity and cessation of advance by growth cones. There are now thought to be specific molecules that inhibit the motility of particular growth cones and are important in establishing correct pathways in developing nervous systems. ... See: axon pathfinding. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

growth control
<cell biology> When applied to cells usually means control of growth of the population, i.e. Of the rate of division rather than of the size of an individual cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

growth curve
A graphic representation of the change in size of an individual or a population over a period of time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

growth disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. The concept includes both acceleration and retardation of growth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

growth factor
<biochemistry> A complex family of polypeptide hormones or biological factors that are produced by the body to control growth, division and maturation of blood cells by the bone marrow. They regulate the division and proliferation of cells and influence the growth rate of some cancers. These factors occur naturally but some can be synthesised …

growth factors
Proteins involved in cell differentiation and growth.Growth factors are essential to the normal cell cycle, and are thus vital elements in the life of animals from conception to death. Among other things, they mediate foetal development, play a role in maintenance and repair of tissues, stimulate production of blood cells, and, gone awry, participa …

growth hormone
<endocrinology, hormone> Polypeptide (191 amino acids) produced by anterior pituitary that stimulates liver to produce somatomedins 1 & 2. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

growth hormone inhibiting hormone
Synonym for somatostatin ... <protein> Gastrointestinal and hypothalmic peptide hormone (two forms: 14 and 28 residues), found in gastric mucosa, pancreatic islets, nerves of the gastrointestinal tract, in posterior pituitary and in the central nervous system. Inhibits gastric secretion and motility: in hypothalamus/pituitary inhibits somatotr …

growth hormone stimulation test
<investigation> A test which measures the level of human growth hormone in response to the administration of the amino acid arginine. This test measures the ability of the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone. Normal values in children are: 48 ng/ml. Normal values in men are 10 ng/ml. Normal values in women are 15 ng/ml. This test is use …

growth hormone suppression test
<investigation> A test to determine if growth hormone is suppressed by hyperglycaemia. Growth hormone blood levels are determined sequentially after ingestion of a glucose-rich meal. If growth hormone levels remain elevated (after the glucose is given) then acromegaly or gigantism is suspected. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

growth hormone-producing adenoma
<tumour> An adenoma that produces the clinical picture of gigantism or acromegaly, although a third of the cells have no granules or are a mixture of acidophils and chromophobes; some tumours may secrete both growth hormone and prolactin; often an acidophil or eosinophil adenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

growth hormone-regulating hormone
<endocrinology> Hypothalamic hormones that induce (somatoliberin) or inhibit (somatostatin) the release of growth hormone (somatotropin). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

growth hormone-releasing factor
Synonym for growth hormone-releasing hormone ... <endocrinology> Peptide hormone related to the glucagon family, released from the pituitary, acts on the adenohypophysis to release growth hormone. ... Synonym: somatoliberin, growth hormone-releasing factor. ... (20 Sep 2002) ...

growth hormone-releasing hormone
<endocrinology> Peptide hormone related to the glucagon family, released from the pituitary, acts on the adenohypophysis to release growth hormone. ... Synonym: somatoliberin, growth hormone-releasing factor. ... (20 Sep 2002) ...

growth inhibitors
Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= plant growth regulators). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

growth medium
<cell culture> A synthetic medium which is filled with nutrients necessary to the growth of microorganisms or cells being cultured in the lab. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

growth milestones
<paediatrics> ... (1-3 years) In ascending order: masters walking, recognises gender differences, uses up to 8 words and understands simple commands, able to run, pivot and walk backwards, uses spoon to feed self, can name pictures of common objects, can point to body parts, imitates speech of others, begins pedaling tricycle, learns to take t …

growth phase
<microbiology> The characteristic periods in the growth of a bacterial culture, as indicated by the shape of a graph of viable cell number versus time. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...