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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


guanylic acid
A major component of ribonucleic acids. ... Synonym: guanine ribonucleotide, guanosine 5'-monophosphate. ... Guanylic acid reductase (GMP reductase), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction of GMP with NADPH producing IMP, NH3, and NADP+; a part of the purine salvage pathway. ... Guanylic acid synthetase (GMP synthetase), an enzyme catalyzing the reacti …

guanylin
<physiology> Peptide occuring in vertebrate gut that elevates the second messenger cyclic GMP in a variety of tissues (including gut) via a membrane guanylate cyclase. The receptor is also the target for the E. Coli heat stable enterotoxin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

guanyloribonuclease
rNase T1. See entries under ribonuclease ...

guanylthiourea
<chemical> 1-amidino-2-thiourea. May protect against hypoxic damage; proposed for treatment of shock due to trauma or blood loss; also stimulates paretic gastrointestinal system. ... Synonym: guthimine; guthymine. ... Chemical name: Thiourea, (aminoiminomethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

guanylyl
The radical of guanylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guanylyl cyclase
Synonym for guanylate cyclase ... <enzyme> That is responsible for catalysing the synthesis of guanosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate from guanosine 5' triphosphate (cyclic GMP cGMP) is used as a second messenger in heart muscle and photoreceptor cells). Plasma membrane form of guanylate cyclase is Integral membrane proteins with an extracellul …

guanylyl imidodiphosphate
<chemical> 5'-guanylic acid, monoanhydride with imidophosphoric acid. An analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase. ... Synonym: GMP-p(nh)p; gpp(nh)p. ... Chemical name: 5'-Guanylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiph …

guanylyltransferase
<enzyme> Guanylation of heterologous RNA containing 2 or 3 phosphate or g(5')pppn at their 5' terminal; transfer of a GMP moiety from GTP to the 5' end of an RNA molecule containing at least two terminal phosphate ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

guar gum
Gum from the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), a leguminous plant native to India. It is often used in processed foods such as mayonnaise and ice cream. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

guard
1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection. 'His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft.' (Shak) ... 2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel. 'The guard which kept the door of the king's house.' Kings xiv. 27. ... 3. One who has char …

guard cell
<plant biology> Plant cells occurring in pairs in the epidermis, flanking each stoma. Changes in turgor in the guard cells cause the stoma to open and close. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

guardian
Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V, and celebrated on October 2d. Guardian angel. The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. Hence, …

guarding
A spasm of muscles to minimise motion or agitation of sites affected by injury or disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guarnieri bodies
Intracytoplasmic acidophilic inclusion body's observed in epithelial cells in variola (smallpox) and vaccinia infections, and which include aggregations of Paschen body's or virus particles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guarnieri body
Acidophilic inclusion body found in cells infected with vaccinia virus, composed of viral particles and proteins, it is the location of virus replication and assembly. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Guarnieri, Giuseppi
<person> Italian physician, 1856-1918. ... See: Guarnieri's gelatin agar, Guarnieri bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guarnieri's gelatin agar
A type of agar, similar to Stoddart's gelatin agar, used for the cultivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guaroa virus
A virus of the Bunyamwera group of the genus Bunyavirus, and an agent of bunyavirus encephalitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guava
A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. Pyriferum, or white guava, and P. Pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly. ... Origin: Sp. Guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. Fr. T …

gubernacular canal
A small canal located between the permanent tooth germ and the apex of the deciduous tooth, containing remnants of dental lamina and connective tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gubernacular cord
The content of the gubernacular canal, usually composed of remnants of dental lamina and connective tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gubernaculum
A fibrous cord connecting two structures. A mesenchymal column of tissue that connects the foetal testis to the developing scrotum; it appears to play a role in testicular descent. ... Synonym: gubernaculum testis. ... Origin: L. A helm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gubernaculum dentis
A connective tissue band uniting the tooth sac with the gum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gubernaculum testis
Synonym for gubernaculum ... A fibrous cord connecting two structures. A mesenchymal column of tissue that connects the foetal testis to the developing scrotum; it appears to play a role in testicular descent. ... Synonym: gubernaculum testis. ... Origin: L. A helm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gubler, Adolphe
<person> French physician, 1821-1879. ... See: Gubler's line, Gubler's paralysis, Gubler's syndrome, Gubler's tumour, Millard-Gubler syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gubler's line
The level of the superficial origin of the trigeminus on the pons, a lesion below which causes Gubler's paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gubler's paralysis
Synonym for Gubler's syndrome ... <syndrome> A form of alternating hemiplegia characterised by contralateral hemiplegia and ipsilateral facial paralysis. ... Synonym: Gubler's paralysis, Millard-Gubler syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gubler's syndrome
<syndrome> A form of alternating hemiplegia characterised by contralateral hemiplegia and ipsilateral facial paralysis. ... Synonym: Gubler's paralysis, Millard-Gubler syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gubler's tumour
A fusiform swelling on the wrist in lead palsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gudden, Bernhard von
<person> German neurologist, 1824-1886. ... See: Gudden's commissures, Gudden's ganglion, Gudden's tegmental nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gudden's commissures
Synonym for commissurae supraopticae ... The commissural fibres that lie above and behind the optic chiasm. ... Synonym: Ganser's commissures, Gudden's commissures, Meynert's commissures, supraoptic commissures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gudden's ganglion
Synonym for interpeduncular nucleus ... A median, unpaired, ovoid cell group at the base of the midbrain tegmentum between the cerebral peduncles; it receives the retroflex fasciculus from the habenula, and projects to the raphe region (raphe nuclei) and periaqueductal gray substance of the midbrain. ... Synonym: nucleus interpeduncularis, ganglion i …

Gudden's tegmental nuclei
Synonym for tegmental nuclei ... Collective term for two small round cell groups in the caudal part of the midbrain (caudal pontine tegmental nucleus, nucleus tegmenti pontis caudalis and oral pontine tegmental nucleus, nucleus tegmenti pontis oralis), associated with the mamillary body by way of the mamillary peduncle and mamillotegmental tract. …

gudgeon
1. <zoology> A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons. ... 2. What may be got without skill or merit. 'Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion.' (Shak) ... 3. …

Gueneau de Mussy, Noel
<person> French physician, 1813-1885. ... See: Gueneau de Mussy's point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gueneau de Mussy's point
A point, painful on pressure, at the junction of a line prolonging the left border of the sternum and a horizontal line at the level of end of the bony portion of the tenth rib; it is present in cases of diaphragmatic pleurisy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin, Alphonse
<person> French surgeon, 1816-1895. ... See: Guerin's fold, Guerin's fracture, Guerin's glands, Guerin's sinus, Guerin's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin, Camille
<person> French bacteriologist, 1872-1961. ... See: Bacille bilie de Calmette-Guerin, bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, Calmette test, Calmette-Guerin bacillus, Calmette-Guerin vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin's fold
Synonym for valve of navicular fossa ... A fold of mucous membrane sometimes found in the root of the navicular fossa of the urethra. ... Synonym: valvula fossae navicularis, Guerin's fold, Guerin's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin's fracture
A fracture of the facial bones in which there is a horizontal fracture at the base of the maxillae above the apices of the teeth. ... Synonym: horizontal fracture, Le Fort I fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin's glands
Synonym for glands of the female urethra ... Numerous mucous glands in the wall of the female urethra. ... Synonym: glandulae urethrales femininae, Guerin's glands, paraurethral glands, Skene's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin's sinus
A cul-de-sac or diverticulum behind the valve of the navicular fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guerin's valve
Synonym for valve of navicular fossa ... A fold of mucous membrane sometimes found in the root of the navicular fossa of the urethra. ... Synonym: valvula fossae navicularis, Guerin's fold, Guerin's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guernsey
The second largest of the channel islands in the english channel. It covers about 30 square miles and is where the guernsey breed of cattle originated. The name is scandinavian, grani's island (ey means island). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

guest
1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay. 'To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night.' (Spenser) 'True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest.' (Pope) ... Origin: OE. Gest, AS. Gaest, gest; akin to OS, D, & G. Gust …

guidance
Synonym for contact guidance ... Directed locomotory response of cells to an anisotropy of the environment, for example the tendency of fibroblasts to align along ridges or parallel to the alignment of collagen fibres in a stretched gel. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

guide
1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook. ... 2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator. 'He will be our guide, even unto death.' (Ps. Xlviii. 14)
guide plane
A fixed or removable device used to displace a single tooth, an arch segment, or an entire arch toward an improved relationship. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guide RNA
<molecular biology> Small RNA molecules that hybridise to specific mRNAs and direct their RNA editing. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

guidebooks
Handbooks for travelers that give information about a city, region, or country, or similar handbooks about buildings, museums, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

guided tissue regeneration
The repopulating of the periodontium, after treatment for periodontal disease. Repopulation is achieved by guiding the periodontal ligament progenitor cells to reproduce in the desired location by blocking contact of epithelial and gingival connective tissues with the root during healing. This blocking is accomplished by using synthetic membranes o …

guideline
A set of statements, directions, or principles presenting current or future rules or policy. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, organizations such as professional societies or governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form, but it is generally a comprehe …

guideline adherence
Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognised, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

guidelines
Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any fiel …

guidewire
A long and flexible fine spring used to introduce and position an intravascular angiographic catheter (see Seldinger technique). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guiding centre
<radiobiology> Particles placed in a magnetic field will gyrate in circles around the magnetic field lines, and drift in various directions. The guiding centre represents the instantaneous centre of the circular motion. The idea is that you can think of the guiding centre as drifting, and the particle as orbiting the guiding centre. ... (09 Oc …

guild
Group of organisms that exhibit similar habitat requirements and that respond in a similar way to changes in their environment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

guilding
1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold. ... 2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface. ... 3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine. Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which car …

Guillain-Barre reflex
Synonym for aponeurotic reflex ... Plantar flexion of the foot and toes elicited by tapping the sole near its outer edge; has the same significance as the Rossolimo toe flexion reflex Also called Guillain-Barre, Weingrow's, or sole tap reflex. ... Synonym: Guillain-Barre reflex, sole tap reflex, Weingrow's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guillain-Barre syndrome
Synonym for acute idiopathic polyneuritis ... <neurology, syndrome> Acute infective polyneuritis that results in a form of peripheral neuropathy with temporary loss of movement and sensation due to inflammation of multiple nerves and loss of myelin. ... The exact cause is unknown but has been associated with an abnormal immune response to viral …

Guillain, Georges
<person> French neurologist, 1876-1961. ... See: Guillain-Barre reflex, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guillemot
<ornithology> One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers. ... The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. Troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is ... Synonym: sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre. …

guillotine
1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim. ... 2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine. ... Origin: F, from Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent A …

guillotine amputation
Synonym for circular amputation ... Amputation performed by a circular incision through the skin, the muscles being similarly divided higher up, and the bone higher still. ... Synonym: guillotine amputation, linear amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guilt
Subjective feeling of having committed an error, offense or sin; unpleasant feeling of self-criticism. These result from acts, impulses, or thoughts contrary to one's personal conscience. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

guinea
1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc, are named. ... 2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. 'The guinea, so called from the Gui …

guinea corn yaws
A form of yaws in which the lesions resemble grains of Indian corn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guinea green B
An acid diaminotriphenylmethane dye, used as an indicator for H-ion determinations (changing at pH 6.0 from magenta to green) and as a fibre cytoplasmic stain in certain Masson trichrome staining procedures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guinea pig
Synonym for Cavia porcellus ... A rodent with a very short tail that is not visible externally; native to South America, where it is raised for food; used widely as a laboratory animal in bacteriologic, pathologic, and pharmacologic research. ... Synonym: guinea pig. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

guinea pigs
A common name used for the family caviidae. The most common species is cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

guinea-bissau
A republic in western africa, south of senegal and west of guinea. Its capital is bissau. It was discovered by the portuguese in 1446. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was active in slave trading. Its boundaries were established by convention with france in 1886 and 1902-05 and in 1974 it gained its independence. As a portuguese overseas province, …

guise
1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. 'The swain replied, 'It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise.'' (Pope) ... 2. External appearance in manner or dress; appro …

Guldberg
C., Norwegian chemist, 1862-1902. ... See: Guldberg-Waage law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Guldberg-Waage law
Synonym for law of mass action ... <chemistry> This law states that the rate of a given chemical reaction is proportional to concentration of the reactants. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gules
The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red colour or that which is red. 'His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords he bore; his word, 'Divide and reign.'' (P. Fletcher) 'Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gule …

gulf
1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin, 'He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between.' (Milton) 'Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.' (Luke xvi. 26) ... 2. That which swallows; the gullet. ... 3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. 'A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold.' (Tennyson) ... 4. < …

Gulf War syndrome
<syndrome> A term often but inappropriately applied to various health problems experienced by US military personnel after serving in the Persian Gulf conflict of 1991; symptoms of fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, headaches, dyspnea, memory loss, and diarrhoea have been reported, but an NIH panel has concluded that evidence of a specific syndrom …

gull
<ornithology> One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera. ... Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. Murinus) the laughing gull (L. Atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus. ... <zo …

gullet
1. <anatomy> The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the oesophagus. ... 2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: A channel for water. ... <engineering> A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. ... A concave …

Gullstrand
Allvar, Swedish ophthalmologist and Nobel laureate, 1862-1930. ... See: biomicroscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gullstrand's slitlamp
Synonym for slit lamp ... <apparatus, ophthalmology> A special type of examination of the anterior structures of the eye. These include the conjunctiva, sclera, lids, iris, cornea and anterior chamber. ... The slit lamp is a device which focuses a high intensity light beam (that can be focused as a slit) at the structures of the eye while the e …

gulose
One of the eight pairs (d and l) of aldoses; d-gulose is an epimer of d-galactose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gum
The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. ... <medicine> Gum rash, strophulus in a teething child; red gum. Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething. ... Origin: OE. Gome, AS. Gama palate; akin Co G. Gaumen, OHG. Goumo, guomo, Icel. Gmr, Sw. Gom; cf. Gr. To gape. ... 1. …

gum ammoniac
<medicine> The concrete juice (gum resin) of an umbelliferous plant, the Dorema ammoniacum. It is brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in sp …

gum arabic
<chemical> Powdered exudate from various acacia species, especially a. Senegal (leguminosae). It forms mucilage or syrup in water. Gum arabic is used as a suspending agent, excipient, and emulsifier in foods and pharmaceuticals. ... Pharmacological action: excipient. ... Chemical name: Gum arabic ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gum benjamin
Synonym for benzoin ... 1. A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc, having a fragrant odour, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. ... 2. A white crystalline substance, C14H12O2, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some ot …

gum contour
Synonym for gingival contour ... The shape or form of the gingiva, either natural or artificial, around the necks of the teeth. ... Synonym: gum contour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gum disease
Inflammation of the soft tissue (gingiva) and abnormal loss of bone that surrounds the teeth and holds them in place. Gum disease is caused by toxins secreted by bacteria in plaque that accumulate over time along the gum line. This plaque is a mixture of food, saliva, and bacteria. Early symptoms of gum disease include gum bleeding without pain. Pa …

gum lancet
A lancet used for incising the gum over the crown of an erupting tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gum line
The position of the margin of the gingiva in relation to the teeth in the dental arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gum opium
Synonym for opium ... <chemistry> The inspissated juice of the Papaver somniferum, or white poppy. ... Opium is obtained from incisions made in the capsules of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. It is imported into Europe and America chiefly from the Levant, and large quantities are sent to China from India, Persia, and othe …

gum resection
Synonym for gingivectomy ... <procedure> Surgical excision of the gingiva at the level of its attachment, thus creating new marginal gingiva. This procedure is used to eliminate gingival or periodontal pockets or to provide an approach for extensive surgical interventions, and to gain access necessary to remove calculus within the pocket. ... ( …

gum resin
The dry exudate from a number of plants, consisting of a mixture of a gum and a resin, the former soluble in water but not alcohol, the latter soluble in alcohol but not water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gumboro disease
Synonym for infectious bursal disease ... A highly contagious acute disease of chickens caused by the infectious bursal disease virus and characterised by whitish diarrhoea, dehydration, prostration, and destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, compromising the bird's immune system. ... Synonym: Gumboro disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gummatous abscess
An abscess due to the softening and breaking down of a gumma, especially in bone. ... Synonym: syphilitic abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gummatous ulcer
Lesion of the skin occurring in late syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gumprecht, Ferdinand
<person> German physician, *1864. ... See: Klein-Gumprecht shadow nuclei, Gumprecht's shadows. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gumprecht's shadows
Synonym for smudge cells ... Immature leukocytes of any type that have undergone partial breakdown during preparation of a stained smear or tissue section, because of their greater fragility; smudge cell's are seen in largest numbers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. ... Synonym: basket cell, Gumprecht's shadows, shadow cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gums
<dentistry> The pink areas around your teeth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

gun
1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smal …