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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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haemocoelThe cavity in which most of the major organs of the arthropod body are found, it is filled with the fluid haemolymph (the arthropod equivalent of blood), which is pumped by a heart and which circulates among the organs directly without the use of capillaries. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoconcentrationDecrease in the volume of plasma in relation to the number of red blood cells; increase in the concentration of red blood cells in the circulating blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoconiaSmall refractive particles in the circulating blood, probably lipid material associated with fragmented stroma from red blood cells. ... Synonym: blood dust, blood motes, dust corpuscles. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Konis, dust ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoconiosisA condition in which there is an abnormal amount of haemoconia in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemocryoscopyDetermination of the freezing point of blood. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Kryos, cold, + skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemocupreinSynonym for cytocuprein ... Former terms for copper-containing proteins found in human erythrocytes and other tissues. ... See: superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin. ... Synonym: cerebrocuprein, erythrocuprein, haemocuprein, hepatocuprein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemocyanin<chemical> Blue, oxygen transporting, copper containing protein found in the blood of molluscs and crustacea. ... A very large protein with 20-40 subunits and molecular weight of 2-8 million and having a characteristic cuboidal appearance under the electron microscope. Prior to the introduction of immunogold techniques, it was used for electro …
haemocyte<haematology> Blood cell, associated with a haemocoel, particularly those of insects and crustacea. Despite the name they are more leucocyte like, being phagocytic and involved in defence and clotting of haemolymph and not involved in transport of oxygen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
haemocytesAny blood or formed element especially in invertebrates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemocytoblastA blood cell derived from embryonic mesenchyme, characterised by basophilic cytoplasm and a relatively large nucleus with a spongy, loose network of chromatin and several nucleoli; mitochondria are extremely fine and delicate. Haemocytoblasts represent the primitive stem cells of the monophyletic theory of the origin of blood and have the potential …
haemocytoblastoma<oncology, tumour> A haemocytoblastoma is a tumour made up of cells from bone marrow. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemocytocatheresisHaemolysis, or other type of destruction of red blood cells. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Kytos, a hollow (cell), + kathairesis, destruction ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemocytolysis<haematology> Haemocytolysis is the process of dissolving blood cells. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemocytoma<oncology, tumour> A haemocytoma is a tumour made up of undifferentiated blood cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemocytometerSynonym for haemacytometer ... <instrument, microscopy> A glass slide with a chamber for counting blood corpuscles in a given volume. The cells are 0.1 mm deep and are made with several types of ruling. Such cells are convenient counting chambers for many other kinds of suspensions. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
haemocytometryThe counting of red blood cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemocytotripsisFragmentation or disintegration of blood cells by means of mechanical trauma, e.g., compression between hard surfaces. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Kytos, + tripsis, a grinding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemocytozoonA protozoon parasite of the blood cells. ... Synonym: haemacytozoon, haematocytozoon. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Kytos, cell, + zoon, animal ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodiafiltrationThe combination of haemodialysis and haemofiltration either simultaneously or sequentially. Convective transport (haemofiltration) may be better for removal of larger molecular weight substances and diffusive transport (haemodialysis) for smaller molecular weight solutes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemodiagnosisDiagnosis by means of examination of the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodialysis<nephrology, procedure> The removal of certain elements from the blood by virtue of the difference in the rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, for example, by means of a haemodialysis machine or filter. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
haemodialysis solutionsSolutions prepared for haemodialysis. The composition of the pre-dialysis solution may be varied in order to determine the effect of solvated metabolites on anoxia, malnutrition, acid-base balance, etc. Of principal interest are the effect of the choice of buffers (e.g., acetate or carbonate), the addition of cations (na+, k+, calcium), and additio …
haemodialysis units, hospitalHospital units in which care is provided the haemodialysis patient. This includes haemodialysis centres in hospitals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemodialysis, homeLong-term maintenance haemodialysis in the home. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemodialyzerA machine for haemodialysis in acute or chronic renal failure; toxic substances in the blood are removed by exposure to dialyzing fluid across a semipermeable membrane. ... Synonym: artificial kidney. ... Ultrafiltration haemodialyzer, a haemodialyzer that uses fluid pressure differentials to bring about loss (usually) of protein-free fluid from the …
haemodiastaseBlood amylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodilutionReduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically l) in states of impaired microcirculation, 2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and 3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Haemodipsus ventricosusThe rabbit louse, a transmitter of Francisella tularensis. ... Origin: G. Haima, blood, + dipsos, thirst; L. Venter (ventr-), belly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodromometerRarely used term(s) for an instrument for measuring the rapidity of the blood circulation. ... Synonym: haemadrometer, haemadromometer. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Dromos, course, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodynameterhaemadynamics ...
haemodynamicRelating to the physical aspects of the blood circulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodynamicsThe movements of the blood and the forces involved in systemic or regional blood circulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemodynamometerAn instrument for determining the blood pressure. ... Synonym: haemadynamometer. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Dynamis, force, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodyscrasiaAny abnormal condition or disorder of the blood and haemopoietic tissue, used especially with reference to those resulting in changes in the formed elements. ... Synonym: haematodyscrasia. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Dyscrasia, bad temperament ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemodystrophyAny disease or abnormal condition of the blood and haemopoietic tissues, exclusive of simple transitory changes. ... Synonym: haematodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoendothelial placenta<gynaecology> A haemoendothelial placenta is a type of placenta in which the inner lining (endothelium) of the capillaries of the chorion (membrane enclosing the foetus) comes in direct contact with the mother's blood. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemofiltrationExtracorporeal ultrafiltration technique without haemodialysis for treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances affecting renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoflagellatesProtozoan flagellates in the family Trypanosomatidae that are parasitic in the blood of many species of domestic and wild animals and birds, and of humans; they include the genera Leishmania and Trypanosoma, several species of which are important pathogens. ... Origin: haemo-+ L. Flagellum, dim. Of flagrum, a whip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemofuscinA brown pigment derived from haemoglobin that occurs in urine occasionally along with haemosiderin, usually indicative of increased red blood cell destruction; occurs also in the liver with haemosiderin in cases of haemochromatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemogenesisSynonym for haemopoiesis ... <haematology> The formation and development of blood cells involving both proliferation and differentiation from stem cells. In adult mammals usually occurs in bone marrow. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
haemogenicSynonym for haemopoietic ... <pharmacology> Refers to an agent or process that affects or promotes the formation of blood cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin<cell biology, haematology> Four subunit globular oxygen carrying protein of the erythrocytes of vertebrates and some invertebrates. ... It is a conjugated protein containing four haem groups and globin. There are two alpha and two beta chains (very similar to myoglobin) in adult humans, the haem moiety (an iron containing substituted porphyri …
haemoglobin A<haematology> Haemoglobin A is the normal form of the protein haemoglobin which is found in adults. It is composed of two alpha chains and two beta chains. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin a, glycosylatedMinor haemoglobin components of human erythrocytes designated a1a, a1b, and a1c. Haemoglobin a1c is most important since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude marked blood glucose fluctuations over the preceding three to four weeks, the concentr …
haemoglobin A1C<haematology> The substance of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells and sometimes joins with glucose. ... Because the glucose stays attached for the life of the cell (about 4 months), a test to measure haemoglobin A1C shows what the person's average blood glucose level was for that period of time. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin A2<chemical> An adult haemoglobin component normally present in haemolysates from human erythrocytes in concentrations of about 3%. The haemoglobin is composed of two alpha chains and two delta chains. The percentage of hba2 varies in some haematologic disorders, but is about double in beta-thalassaemia. ... Chemical name: Haemoglobin A2 ... (12 …
haemoglobin AIcThe major fraction of glycosylated haemoglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin Anti-LeporeA group of abnormal haemoglobins similar to haemoglobin Lepore. These haemoglobins have normal a chains, but the non-a chain consists of the N-terminal portion of the b chain joined to the C-terminal portion of the d chain. This is the opposite crossing over pattern observed in haemoglobin Lepore. Examples of haemoglobin Anti-Lepore include HbMiyad …
haemoglobin Bart'sA Hb homotetramer (all four polypeptides identical) of formula g4, found in the early embryo and in alpha-thalassaemia 2; not effective in oxygen transport; does not display a Bohr effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin C<haematology> Haemoglobin C is an abnormal version of the protein haemoglobin. ... The sixth amino acid of the normal beta chain, glutamic acid, is replaced by lysine in haemoglobin C. This mutation causes the red blood cell to be less flexible. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin C disease<haematology> A rare genetic disease of the haemoglobin. ... Patients are anemic due to the premature breakdown of the blood cells in the spleen. Jaundice may be seen in some patients. There is no specific treatment other than supportive care. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
haemoglobin ChesapeakeAn abnormal Hb with a single a chain substitution, molecular formula a292Arg→Leub2A; heterozygotes have polycythemia, apparently to compensate for the increased oxygen affinity of this Hb, resulting in decreased liberation of oxygen in the tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin Constant SpringAn abnormal haemoglobin having an extended polypeptide chain (31 additional amino acid residues) on the a chain (thus, the a chain is 172 amino acids long); approximately 20% of the individuals with Hb H disease also have this defect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin DPunjabAn abnormal Hb with a single b chain substitution, molecular formula a2Ab2121Glu→ Gln; heterozygotes are asymptomatic, homozygotes have mild haemolytic anaemia; there is an increase in O2 affinity; identical to haemoglobin DLos Angeles, haemoglobin DNorth Carolina, haemoglobin DPortugal, haemoglobin DChicago, and haemoblogin Oak Ridge. ... …
haemoglobin E<haematology> Haemoglobin E is an abnormal version of the protein haemoglobin, found in Southeast Asia, which plays a role in such medical conditions as microcythaemia, target cell formation, and mild haemolytic anaemia. The beta chain of the haemoglobin is altered because of a mutation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin electrophoresis<investigation> A special diagnostic procedure which identifies abnormal haemoglobin proteins by the way they migrate in an electric field (electrophoresis). ... The electric field is used to separate haemoglobin proteins from each other and allow the identification of different components. This can be used to diagnose thalassaemia, sickle cel …
haemoglobin F<haematology> Haemoglobin f is the normal form of the protein haemoglobin which is found in the foetus. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin Gower-1A Hb of molecular formula ζ2&vepsilon;2, found as a minor Hb in the early embryo; disappears by the third month of pregnancy in favour of haemoglobin Gower-2 and haemaglobin Portland and then by Hb F; the ζ chain has 141 amino acid residues. Synthesis of the ζ chain is deficient in cases of hydrops foetalis. ... Compar …
haemoglobin Gower-2A normal Hb of molecular formula a2A&vepsilon;2, which is a major Hb component of the early embryo; production of &vepsilon; chains normally ceases at about the third month of foetal development and is replaced by Hb F. ... Compare: haemoglobin Gower-1, haemoglobin Portland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin H<haematology> Haemoglobin H is an abnormal version of the protein haemoglobin. The normal haemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains, haemoglobin H is composed of four beta chains. The molecule has a very high affinity to oxygen, but is very inefficient at transporting it. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobin IAn abnormal Hb with a single a chain substitution, molecular formula a216Lys→Glub2A; a thalassaemia-like syndrome has been found in individuals heterozygous for both Hb I and alpha-thalassaemia genes, with formation of about 70% Hb I. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin J<chemical> A group of abnormal haemoglobins with similar electrophoretic characteristics. They have faster electrophoretic mobility and different amino acid substitutions in either the alpha or beta chains than normal adult haemoglobin. Some of the variants produce haematologic abnormalities, others result in no clinical disorders. ... Chemica …
haemoglobin JCapetownAn abnormal Hb with a single a chain substitution, molecular formula a292Arg→Glnb2A; heterozygotes have polycythemia because of increased oxygen affinity of this Hb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin KansasAn abnormal Hb of molecular formula a2Ab2102Asn→Thr; found in association with familial cyanosis due to decreased oxygen affinity of this Hb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin LeporeA group of abnormal Hb's with normal a chains, but the non-a chains consist of the N-terminal portion of the d chain joined to the C-terminal portion of the b chain, apparently as the result of nonhomologous pairing and crossing over between the genes for b and d chains. The major types are Hb LeporeBoston (identical to Hb LeporeWashington), Hb Lep …
haemoglobin M<chemical> A group of abnormal haemoglobins in which amino acid substitutions take place in either the alpha or beta chains but near the haem iron. This results in facilitated oxidation of the haemoglobin to yield excess methemoglobin which leads to cyanosis. ... Chemical name: Haemoglobin M ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoglobin PortlandA form of embryonic haemoglobin containing the ζ chains of haemoglobin Gower-1 and the g chains of Hb F, thus having the formula ζ2g2; essentially disappears by the third month of pregnancy. ... Compare: haemoglobin Gower-1, haemoglobin Gower-2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin RainierAn abnormal Hb of the molecular formula a2Ab2145Tyr→Cys; heterozygotes have polycythemia because of increased oxygen affinity of this Hb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin S<haematology> Haemoglobin S is an abnormal version of the protein haemoglobin. ... The sixth amino acid of the normal beta chain, glutamic acid, is replaced by valine with gluconic acid. This mutation causes the red blood cell to take on a sickle shape, and is the cause of the sickle cell trait condition (when the individual is heterozygous fo …
haemoglobin SC disease<disease, haematology> A rare genetic disease of the haemoglobin. ... Consists of two abnormal haemoglobins: s and C. Estimated prevalence to be 0.04 to 0.13% in the African American population. Patients are anemic due to the premature breakdown of the blood cells in the spleen. ... Produces a sickle cell-like syndrome. Jaundice may be seen in …
haemoglobin YakimaAn abnormal Hb of the molecular formula a2Ab299Asp→His; heterozygotes have polycythemia because of increased oxygen affinity of this Hb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobin, sickleAn abnormal haemoglobin resulting from the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta chain of the globin moiety. The heterozygous state results in sickle cell trait, the homozygous in sickle cell anaemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoglobinaemia<haematology> Haemoglobinaemia is a medical condition in which free haemoglobin proteins are present in blood plasma. ... This occurs when red blood cells (within which haemoglobin is normally found) have been injured while in the blood vessels. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemoglobinaemia paralyticaazoturia of horses ...
haemoglobinocholiaThe presence of haemoglobin in the bile. ... Origin: haemoglobin + G. Chole, bile ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobinolysisDestruction or chemical splitting of haemoglobin. ... Synonym: haemoglobinopepsia. ... Origin: haemoglobin + G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobinometryMeasurement of haemoglobin concentration in blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoglobinopathy<disease, haematology> Disorder due to abnormalities in the haemoglobin molecule, the best known being sickle cell anaemia in which there is a single amino acid substitution (valine for glutamate) in position 6 of the beta chain. In other cases one of the globin chains is synthesised at a slower rate, despite being normal in structure. ... See …
haemoglobinopepsiaSynonym: haemoglobinolysis. ... Origin: haemoglobin + G. Pepsis, digestion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobinophilicDenoting certain microorganisms that cannot be cultured except in the presence of haemoglobin. ... Origin: haemoglobin + G. Phileo, to love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobins, abnormalHaemoglobins altered in their genetically determined molecular structure, resulting in a characteristic complex of vlinival and laboratory abnormalities. The specific features of the abnormal haemoglobins are related to variation of the composite globin polypeptide chains. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoglobinuriaHaemoglobin in the urine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoglobinuria, paroxysmalDisorder characterised by intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria. Some cases occur on exposure to cold and are due to the presence of an autohemolysin in the serum. Other cases are more marked during or immediately after sleep and are considered to be due to an acquired intracorpuscular defect. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
haemoglobinuricRelating to or marked by haemoglobinuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobinuric feverSynonym for malarial haemoglobinuria ... A condition, now uncommon, resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection (malignant tertian malaria with severe haemolysis); frequently seen in Caucasians after interrupted treatment with quinine. ... Synonym: blackwater fever, haemoglobinuric fever, West African fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemoglobinuric nephrosisAcute oliguric renal failure associated with haemoglobinuria, due to massive intravascular haemolysis, e.g., following an incompatible blood transfusion; the kidneys show the morphologic changes of hypoxic nephrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemogramA complete detailed record of the findings in a thorough examination of the blood, especially with reference to the numbers, proportions, and morphologic features of the formed elements. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Gramma, a drawing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HaemogregarinaA sporozoan coccidian genus (order Eucoccidiida, family Haemogregarinidae) that parasitises the blood cells of cold-blooded animals and the digestive system of invertebrate primary hosts in an obligatory two-host cycle. ... Origin: G. Haima, blood, + L. Grex, a flock ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemohistioblastA primitive mesenchymal cell believed to be capable of developing into all types of blood cells, including monocytes, and into histiocytes. ... Synonym: Ferrata's cell, haematohistioblast. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Histion, web, + blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemolamellaSynonym for platelet ... <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. ... Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and sero …
haemoleukocyteAn obsolete term for leukocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemolipaseBlood lipase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemolithA concretion in the wall of a blood vessel. ... Origin: haemo-+ G. Lithos, stone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemologySynonym for haematology ... <study> The study of the morphology of the blood and blood forming tissues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
haemolymph<biology, zoology> The fluid which flows through the haemocoel of invertebrates which have open circulatory systems, like mollusks, arthropods, and tunicates. ... The fluid is like a combination of the fluids blood and lymph in vertebrates. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
haemolymph glandSynonym for haemal node ... <anatomy> A lymphoid structure in which the blood sinuses are present in place of lymph sinuses; haemal node's occur in ruminants and some other mammals, but their presence in humans is questioned. ... Synonym: haemal gland, haemolymph gland, haemolymph node, vascular gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemolymph nodeSynonym for haemal node ... <anatomy> A lymphoid structure in which the blood sinuses are present in place of lymph sinuses; haemal node's occur in ruminants and some other mammals, but their presence in humans is questioned. ... Synonym: haemal gland, haemolymph gland, haemolymph node, vascular gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemolysatePreparation resulting from the lysis of erythrocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
haemolysin<protein> Bacterial exotoxins that can lyse erythrocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
haemolysin factorsPlasmids controlling the synthesis of haemolysin by bacteria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
