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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

granuloplasm
The inner substance of an amoeba, or other unicellular organism, within the ectoplasm and surrounding the nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granuloplastic
Forming granules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulopoiesis
<haematology> The production of granulocytes in the bone marrow. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

granulopoietic
Pertaining to granulopoiesis. ... Synonym: granulocytopoietic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulosa
Synonym for stratum granulosum folliculi ovarici vesiculosi ... The layer of small cells that forms the wall of an ovarian follicle. ... Synonym: granular layer of a vesicular ovarian follicle, granulosa, membrana granulosa, stratum granulosum ovarii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulosa cell
A cell of the membrana granulosa lining the vesicular ovarian follicle that becomes a luteal cell of the corpus luteum after ovulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulosa cell tumour
An ovarian tumour originating in the cells of the primordial membrana granulosa of the graafian follicle. It may be associated with excessive production of estrin, inducing endometrial hyperplasia with menorrhagia. It can be benign or malignant. It is soft, solid, white or yellow, and consists of small round cells sometimes enclosing call-exner bod …

granulosa cells
Cells of the membrana granulosa lining the vesicular ovarian follicle which become luteal cells after ovulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

granulosa lutein cells
Cell's derived from the membrana granulosa of a mature ovarian follicle that secrete both oestrogen and progesterone, and form the major component of the corpus luteum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulosis
A mass of minute granules of any character. ... Synonym: granulosity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulosis rubra nasi
Erythema, papules, and occasional vesicles of the tip of the nose and extending upward and laterally to the cheeks, resulting from occlusion and chronic inflammation of sweat ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulosity
Synonym for granulosis ... A mass of minute granules of any character. ... Synonym: granulosity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granulovacuolar degeneration
Degeneration of hippocampal brain cells in elderly persons, characterised by basophilic granules surrounded by a clear zone in hippocampal neurons; occurs more frequently in Alzheimer's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

granum
<plant biology> Stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast, containing the light harvesting system and the enzymes responsible for the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

granzymes
Serine esterases that represent most of the granule content of T cytotoxic cells. It is not known if these enzymes are required for killing by the T cytotoxic cell. ... Origin: Granule + -zyme ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grape
1. <botany> A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins. ... 2. <botany> The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine. ... 3. A mangy tumour on the leg of a horse …

grape endings
An autodescriptive term applied to synaptic terminals at the ends of short, stalklike axon branches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grape mole
Synonym for hydatidiform mole ... <gynaecology, oncology, tumour> A relatively rare mass or tumour that can form within the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. The cause of hydatidiform mole is unknown. ... Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, uterine growth, nausea and vomiting. Some hydatidiform moles may become malignant (cancerous) where …

grape sugar
See: d-glucose. ... Invert sugar, a mixture of equal parts of d-glucose and d-fructose produced by hydrolysis of sucrose (inversion). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grapeskin cyst
<radiology> Thin-walled pulmonary cavity, no fluid, most likely to be Coccidioides, ** cavitary lung disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

grapevine
<botany> A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes. ... The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of t …

graph
1. A line or tracing denoting varying values of commodities, temperatures, urinary output, etc.; more generally, any geometric or pictorial representation of measurements that might otherwise be expressed in tabular form. ... 2. Visual display of the relationship between two variables, in which the values of one are plotted on the horizontal axis, t …

graphanesthesia
<clinical sign, neurology> Tactual inability to recognise figures or letters written on the skin; may be due to spinal cord or brain disease. ... Origin: G. Graphe, writing + anaisthesia, fr. An-priv. + aisthesis, perception ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphesthesia
<clinical sign, neurology> Tactual ability to recognise writing on the skin. ... Origin: G. Graphe, writing, + aisthesis, perception ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphic
Synonym for graphical ... 1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting, drawing or writing. ... 2. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described. ... 3. Having the faculty of, or characterised by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer. Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the …

graphic aphasia
Synonym for agraphia ... <neurology> Loss of ability to write (a form of aphasia). Symptom common to tumours of the parietal lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

graphic formula
Synonym for structural formula ... A formula in which the connections of the atoms and groups of atoms, as well as their kind and number, are indicated. ... Synonym: constitutional formula, graphic formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphical
1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting, drawing or writing. ... 2. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described. ... 3. Having the faculty of, or characterised by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer. Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straig …

graphite
<chemical> Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black colour and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. ... Synonym: plumbago, black lead. ... Origin: Gr. To write: cf. F. Graphite. ... Sourc …

grapho-
A writing, description. ... Origin: G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphomania
<psychiatry> Morbid and excessive impulse to write. ... Origin: Grapho-+ G. Mania, insanity ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphomotor
Relating to the movements used in writing. ... Origin: Grapho-+ L. Motus, fr. Movere, to move ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphomotor aphasia
Synonym for agraphia ... <neurology> Loss of ability to write (a form of aphasia). Symptom common to tumours of the parietal lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

graphopathology
Interpretation of personality disorders from a study of handwriting. ... See: graphology. ... Origin: Grapho-+ pathology ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of writing. ... Origin: Grapho-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphorrhoea
Rarely used term for the writing of long lists of meaningless words, associated with a schizophrenic disorder. ... Origin: Grapho-+ G. Rhoia, flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graphospasm
Synonym for writer's cramp ... A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs during handwriting. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist's cramp, pianist's cramp, musician's cramp, and golfer's cramp. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

graphotype
A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in rel …

grapple
1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. ... 2. An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. ... 3. <botany> Grapple plant, a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; called also anchor shot. ... See: Grapple, a …

grasp
The act of taking securely and holding firmly. ... Palm grasp, holding an object by wrapping the palm and the fingers around it. ... Pen grasp, a method, similar to that of holding a pen in writing, of grasping an instrument. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grasp reflex
Synonym for grasping reflex ... An involuntary flexion of the fingers to tactile or tendon stimulation on the palm of the hand, producing an uncontrollable grasp; usually associated with frontal lobe lesions. ... Compare: darwinian reflex. ... Synonym: forced grasping reflex, grasp reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grasping reflex
An involuntary flexion of the fingers to tactile or tendon stimulation on the palm of the hand, producing an uncontrollable grasp; usually associated with frontal lobe lesions. ... Compare: darwinian reflex. ... Synonym: forced grasping reflex, grasp reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grass
1. To cover with grass or with turf. ... 2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc. ... 3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish. ... Origin: Grassed; Grassing. ... 1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture. ... 2. <botany> An endogenous plant having simple …

grass bacillus
Synonym for bacillus subtilis ... <bacteria> Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, nonpathogenic bacterium which lives in soil. ... Its genome has been widely studied and is frequently used in genetic engineering and microbiology experiments. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

grass tetany
A highly fatal disease of cows and sheep occurring generally during the first two weeks in the spring after the animals have been out on lush pastures; it is characterised by convulsions, hypomagnesaemia, and usually hypocalcaemia. ... Synonym: wheat pasture poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grass tree
<botany> An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrhoea, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called 'blackboys' from the large trunks denuded and black …

grasses
A large family, gramineae, of narrow-leaved herbaceous monocots. Many grasses produce highly allergenic pollens and are hosts to cattle parasites and toxic fungi. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Grasset
Joseph, French physician, 1849-1918. ... See: Grasset's law, Grasset's phenomenon, Grasset's sign, Grasset-Gaussel phenomenon, Landouzy-Grasset law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Grasset-Gaussel phenomenon
Synonym for Grasset's phenomenon ... In organic paralysis of the lower extremity, the patient, lying on his back, can raise either limb separately, but not both together. ... Synonym: Grasset-Gaussel phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Grasset's law
Synonym for Landouzy-Grasset law ... In lesions of one hemisphere, the patient's head is turned to the side of the affected muscles if there is spasticity and to that of the cerebral lesion if there is paralysis. ... Synonym: Grasset's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Grasset's phenomenon
In organic paralysis of the lower extremity, the patient, lying on his back, can raise either limb separately, but not both together. ... Synonym: Grasset-Gaussel phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Grasset's sign
<clinical sign> Normal contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the paralysed side in cases of hemiplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

grasshopper
1. <zoology> Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families Acrididae and Locustidae. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (Calop …

grasshoppers
Plant-eating orthopterans having hindlegs adapted for jumping. There are several families and many genera. Some of the more common genera are: melanoplus, the most common grasshopper; conocephalus, the eastern meadow grasshopper; and pterophylla, the true katydid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

grate
1. To make a harsh sound by friction. 'I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree.' (Shak) ... 2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity. 'This grated harder up …

grateful
1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart. 'A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays.' (Milton) ... 2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful prese …

grateful med
A microcomputer-based software package providing a user-friendly interface to the medlars system of the national library of medicine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gratification
1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart. ... 2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight. ... 3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. ... Origin: L. Gratificatio: cf. F. Gratificat …

grating
1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent. ... 2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; called also diffraction grating. ... 3. …

grating, diffraction
<microscopy> A series of narrow, close, equally spaced, diffracting slits or grooves capable of dispersing light into its spectrum. Diffraction gratings and their replicas are also used as standards in micrometry, especially in electron microscopy. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

grating, reflection
<microscopy> An opaque (metallic) diffraction grating from which incident light is reflected -to form a spectrum, or to act as a micrometric standard for opaque specimens. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

Gratiolet
Louis P., French anatomist, physiologist, and physician, 1815-1865. ... See: Gratiolet's fibres, Gratiolet's radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gratiolet's fibres
Synonym for optic radiation ... The massive, fanlike fibre system passing from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus to the visual cortex (striate or calcarine cortex, area 17 of Brodmann); the fibres follow the retrolenticular and sublenticular limbs of the internal capsule into the corona radiata but they curve back along the lateral wall of …

Gratiolet's radiation
Synonym for optic radiation ... The massive, fanlike fibre system passing from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus to the visual cortex (striate or calcarine cortex, area 17 of Brodmann); the fibres follow the retrolenticular and sublenticular limbs of the internal capsule into the corona radiata but they curve back along the lateral wall of …

grattage
Scraping or brushing an ulcer or surface with sluggish granulations to stimulate the healing process. ... Origin: Fr. Scraping ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gratuitous
1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice. 'We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry.' (L'Estrange) ... 2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asser …

gratuitous inducer
<molecular biology> A gratuitous inducer is a molecule which is structurally similar to another molecule that induces transcription for a specific product, and which can also initiate transcription for that product when the official inducer is absent. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Graupner
Sigurd C., German physician, 1861-1916. ... See: Graupner's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Graupner's method
An obsolete term for a test of the sufficiency of the heart muscle; if a normal subject takes a measured amount of exercise, the pulse rate rises, and after it has begun to fall the systolic blood pressure begins to rise, reaching its maximum a few minutes after the pulse rate; in the case of a weakened heart, the rise in blood pressure is delayed …

grave
1. To dig. Chaucer. 'He hath graven and digged up a pit.' (Ps. Vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer)) ... 2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave. 'Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.' (Ex. Xxviii. 9) ... 3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to …

grave robbing
The stealing of corpses after burial, especially for medical dissection. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, in the absence of laws governing the acquisition of dissecting material for the study of anatomy, the needs of anatomy classes were met by surreptitious methods: body-snatching and grave robbing. The infamous practice of 'burking', mu …

grave wax
Synonym for adipocere ... A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown colour, into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result of fatty degeneration. ... Origin: L. Adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax: cf. F. Adipocere. ... Source: Websters Dictiona …

Grave's disease
<disease, endocrinology> A common cause of hyperthyroidism caused by an underlying autoimmune mechanism. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gravel
1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk. ... 2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand. 'When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the ship.' (Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version)) 'Willam the Conqueror . . . Chanced as his arrival to be graveled; and one of his …

Graves
Robert James, Irish physician remembered for his description of exophthalmic goiter in 1835, 1796-1853. ... See: Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Graves' ophthalmopathy
Exophthalmos caused by increased water content of retro-ocular orbital tissues; associated with thyroid disease, usually hyperthyroidism. ... Synonym: endocrine ophthalmopathy, Graves' orbitopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Graves' optic neuropathy
Visual dysfunction due to optic nerve compression in Graves' orbitopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Graves' orbitopathy
Synonym for Graves' ophthalmopathy ... Exophthalmos caused by increased water content of retro-ocular orbital tissues; associated with thyroid disease, usually hyperthyroidism. ... Synonym: endocrine ophthalmopathy, Graves' orbitopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravid uterus
The condition of the uterus in pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravida
A pregnant woman. Gravida followed by a roman numeral or preceded by a Latin prefix (primi-, secundi-, etc.) designates the pregnant woman by number of pregnancies; e.g. ... Gravida I, primigravida; a woman in her first pregnancy, gravida II, secundigravida; a woman in her second pregnancy. ... Compare: para. ... Origin: L. Gravidus (adj.), fem. Gravi …

gravidic
Relating to pregnancy or a pregnant woman. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravidic retinitis
An obsolete term for toxaemic retinopathy of pregnancy. ... See: toxaemic retinopathy of pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravidic retinopathy
Synonym for toxaemic retinopathy of pregnancy ... Sudden angiospasm of retinal arterioles, later followed by retinal vascular signs of advanced hypertensive retinopathy; vascular changes disappear rapidly after termination of the pregnancy. ... Synonym: eclamptic retinopathy, gravidic retinopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravidism
Synonym for pregnancy ... The condition of having a developing embryo or foetus in the body, after union of an ovum and spermatozoon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

graviditas
Synonym: pregnancy. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graviditas examnialis
Synonym for extraamniotic pregnancy ... A pregnancy in which the chorion is intact, but the amnion has ruptured and shrunk. ... Synonym: graviditas examnialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graviditas exochorialis
Synonym for extrachorial pregnancy ... Pregnancy in which the membranes rupture and shrink, causing the foetus to develop outside the chorionic sac but within the uterus. ... Synonym: graviditas exochorialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravidity
<obstetrics> Pregnancy, the condition of being pregnant, without regard to the outcome. ... Origin: L. Graviditas ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gravimeter
Synonym: hydrometer. ... Origin: L. Gravis, heavy, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

graving
L. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, especially. By incision or in intaglio. ... 2. That which is graved or carved. 'Skillful to . . . Grave any manner of graving.' (2 Chron. Ii. 14) ... 3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart. 'New gravings upon their souls.' (Eikon Basilike) ... Origin: From Grave to dig. ... Source: Websters Dic …

gravireceptors
Highly specialised receptor organs and nerve endings in the inner ear, joints, tendons, and muscles that give the brain information about body position, equilibrium, direction of gravitational forces, and the sensation of 'down' or 'up.' ... Origin: L. Gravis, heavy, + receptor ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravitate
To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object. 'Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies gravitate toward each other.' (Sir W. Hamilton) 'Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party.' (Macaulay) ... …

gravitation
Acceleration produced by the mutual attraction of two masses, and of magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two centres of mass. It is also the force imparted by the earth, moon, or a planet to an object near its surface. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gravitation abscess
Synonym for perforating abscess ... An abscess that breaks down tissue barriers to enter adjacent areas. ... Synonym: gravitation abscess, hypostatic abscess, migrating abscess, wandering abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravitational force
<physics> Force which attracts two bodies together based on the product of their masses and the reciprocal of the square of their distances. Gravity is the force field created by one massive body (like the earth) which another body (like you) will experience. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gravitational ulcer
A chronic ulcer of the leg with impaired healing because of the dependent position of the extremity and the incompetence of the valves of the varicosed veins; the venous return stagnates and creates hypoxaemia. ... See: varicose ulcer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravitational units
Of energy: gram-centimeter, gram-meter, kilogram-meter, and foot-pound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gravitaxis
Directed locomotory response to gravity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gravitropism
Directional growth of a plant organ in response to a gravitational field roots grow downwards, shoots grow upwards. Achieved by differential growth on the sides of the root or shoot. A gravitation field is thought to be sensed by sedimentation of statoliths (starch grains) in root caps. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gravity
Origin: L. Gravitas, fr. Gravis heavy; cf. F. Gravite. See Grave, Grief. ... 1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead. ... 2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. 'Men of gravity and learning.'< p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (aso in etymologies) are not properly marked ... 3. Importance, signific …