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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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gold numberSynonym for gold equivalent ... A unit of power of the protective colloids; the number of milligrams of protective colloid just sufficient to prevent the precipitation of 10 ml of a 0.0053 to 0.0058% gold solution by the action of 1 ml of a 10% sodium chloride solution. ... Synonym: gold number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gold radioisotopesUnstable isotopes of gold that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Au 185-196, 198-201, and 203 are radioactive gold isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gold sodium thiomalate<chemical> A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of art …
gold sodium thiosulfate<chemical> An antirheumatic agent with the same actions and uses as gold sodium thiomalate. ... Pharmacological action: antirheumatic agents, gold. ... Chemical name: Aurate(3-), bis(monothiosulfato(2-)-O,S)-, trisodium, (T-4)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gold sol testSynonym for Lange's test ... An obsolete, non-specific test for altered proteins in spinal fluid. As originally used by Lange in 1912, the test was thought to be specific for neurosyphilis; however, this proved to be incorrect. Dilutions of spinal fluid are made in saline and to these a colloidal gold solution is added; if altered proteins are prese …
gold standardTerm used to describe a method or procedure that is widely recognised as the best available. ... Origin: jargon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gold thioglucoseSynonym for aurothioglucose ... <chemical> (1-thio-d-glucopyranosato)gold. A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals. ... Pharmacological action: antirheumatic agents, gold. ... Chemical name: Gold, (1-thio-D-glucopyranosato-O2,S1)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gold-myokymia syndrome<syndrome> The symptom complex of widespread myokymia, muscle aching, and autonomic disturbances (excess sweating; orthostatic hypotension) that can result from gold therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldblatt hypertensionIncreased blood pressure following obstruction of blood flow to one kidney. ... Synonym: Goldblatt phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldblatt kidneyA kidney whose arterial blood supply has been compromised, as a consequence of which arterial (renovascular) hypertension develops. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldblatt phenomenonSynonym for Goldblatt hypertension ... Increased blood pressure following obstruction of blood flow to one kidney. ... Synonym: Goldblatt phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldblatt, Harry<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1891-1977. ... See: Goldblatt's clamp, Goldblatt hypertension, Goldblatt kidney, Goldblatt phenomenon, Goldblatt hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldblatt's clampA clamp applied experimentally to the renal artery to damp pulse pressure and thereby produce chronic hypertension by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
golden1. Made of gold; consisting of gold. ... 2. Having the colour of gold; as, the golden grain. ... 3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as, golden opinions. Golden age. The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by the silver, bronze, and iron ages. ... A tribe of Mongolian …
golden sealSynonym for hydrastis ... The dried rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis (family Ranunculaceae), a native of the eastern U.S.; formerly used in the treatment of chronic catarrhal states of the mucous membranes and in metrorrhagia. ... Synonym: golden seal, jaundice root, yellow root. ... Origin: Mod. L. Fr. G. Hydor (hydro-), water, + drao, to accomplish
Golden, Ross
<person> U.S. Radiologist, 1890-1975. ... See: S sign of Golden. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
goldenhar syndrome
<syndrome> Mandibulofacial dysostosis with congenital eyelid dermoids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Goldenhar, M
<person> 20th century French physician. ... See: Goldenhar's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldenhar's syndrome
Synonym for oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia ... A syndrome characterised by epibulbar dermoids, preauricular appendages, micrognathia, and vertebral and other anomalies. ... Synonym: Goldenhar's syndrome, OAV syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
goldfinch
<zoology> A beautiful bright-coloured European finch (Carduelis elegans). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat, drawbird, draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William. ... The yello …
goldfish
<zoology> A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); so named from its colour. It is native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. ... Synonym: golden fish, and golden carp. See Telescope fish, under Telescope.
Goldflam disease
Synonym for myasthenia gravis ... <disease, neurology> The characteristic feature of the disease is easy fatigue of certain voluntary muscle groups on repeated use. Muscles of the face or upper trunk are especially likely to be affected. In most and perhaps all cases due to the development of autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor i …
Goldflam, Samuel
<person> Polish neurologist, 1852-1932. ... See: Goldflam disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldman equation
An equation derived to predict membrane potentials in terms of the membrane's permeability to ions and their concentrations on either side. ... Synonym: constant field equation, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, GHK equation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldman-Fox knives
A set of knives used in periodontal surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation
Synonym for Goldman equation ... An equation derived to predict membrane potentials in terms of the membrane's permeability to ions and their concentrations on either side. ... Synonym: constant field equation, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, GHK equation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldman, David
<person> U.S. Physiologist, *1911. ... See: Goldman equation, Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldman, Henry
<person> U.S. Periodontist, *1911. ... See: Goldman-Fox knives. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldmann perimeter
A projection perimeter that adds further precision by controlling the surrounding illumination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldmann, Hans
<person> Swiss ophthalmologist, *1899. ... See: Goldmann perimeter, Goldmann's applanation tonometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldmann's applanation tonometer
An applanation tonometer that flattens only 3 sq mm of cornea, used with a slitlamp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldscheider, J
<person> German neurologist, 1858-1935. ... See: Goldscheider's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldscheider's test
Determination of the temperature sense by touching the skin with a sharp-pointed metallic rod, heated to varying degrees. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
goldsmith
1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc, of gold. ... 2. A banker. ... The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely. ... <zoology> Goldsmith beetle, a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera), of the family Scarabaeidae ... Origin: AS. Goldsmi. See Gold, …
Goldstein, Hyman
<person> U.S. Physician, 1887-1954. ... See: Goldstein's toe sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldstein's toe sign
<clinical sign> Increased space between the great toe and its neighbor, seen in mongolism and occasionally in cretinism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldthwait, Joel
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1866-1961. ... See: Goldthwait's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goldthwait's sign
<clinical sign> In sprain of sacroiliac ligaments, flexion of hip with extended knee elicits pain in sacroiliac region; not now considered specific. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
golf
A game whose object is to sink a ball into each of 9 or 18 successive holes on a golf course using as few strokes as possible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
golf-hole ureteral orifice
A retracted funnel-shaped condition of the ureteral orifice in the wall of the bladder, due often to tuberculosis or a secondary sclerosis of the ureter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
golfer's cramp
A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs when playing golf. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist's cramp, pianist's cramp, musician's cramp, and writer's's cramp. Golfer's cramp provides a reason to switch to tennis (and get tennis elbow). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
golfer's elbow
<orthopaedics, rheumatology> Inflammation of the tendons which insert at the medical epicondyle (of the humerus) at the elbow. ... Symptoms include pain with forced flexion of the wrist joint. ... (10 Oct 1997) ...
golfer's skin
Synonym for farmer's skin ... Dry, wrinkled skin with presence of dry premalignant keratoses; observed most commonly in fair-skinned, blue-eyed persons who are exposed by occupation or sport to sunshine for prolonged periods and over many years. ... Synonym: golfer's skin, sailor's skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi apparatus
<cell biology> Intracellular stack of membrane bounded vesicles in which glycosylation and packaging of secreted proteins takes place. Part of the GERL complex. ... Synonym: Golgi body, Golgi vesicles, dictyosome (in plants), parabasal body (in flagellate protozoa). ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
Golgi body
Synonym for Golgi apparatus ... <cell biology> Intracellular stack of membrane bounded vesicles in which glycosylation and packaging of secreted proteins takes place. Part of the GERL complex. ... Synonym: Golgi body, Golgi vesicles, dictyosome (in plants), parabasal body (in flagellate protozoa). ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
golgi cell
<pathology> A type of neuron that is found in the cerebral cortex and parts of the spinal cord. It is multipolar. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Golgi complex
Synonym for Golgi apparatus ... <cell biology> Intracellular stack of membrane bounded vesicles in which glycosylation and packaging of secreted proteins takes place. Part of the GERL complex. ... Synonym: Golgi body, Golgi vesicles, dictyosome (in plants), parabasal body (in flagellate protozoa). ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
Golgi corpuscle
Synonym for Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscle ... <cell biology> An encapsulated sensory nerve ending similar to a pacinian corpuscle but simpler in structure. ... Tactile corpuscles found in the subcutaneous tissue of the fingertips, resembling pacinian corpuscles, but possessing fewer lamellae and a relatively larger cone, and having the contained fibr …
Golgi epithelial cell
A glial cell found in the cerebellar cortex. ... See: Bergmann's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi internal reticulum
Synonym for Golgi apparatus ... <cell biology> Intracellular stack of membrane bounded vesicles in which glycosylation and packaging of secreted proteins takes place. Part of the GERL complex. ... Synonym: Golgi body, Golgi vesicles, dictyosome (in plants), parabasal body (in flagellate protozoa). ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
Golgi tendon organ
<cell biology, physiology> A proprioceptive sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibres of a tendon, often near the musculotendinous junction; it is compressed and activated by any increase of the tendon's tension, caused either by active contraction or passive stretch of the corresponding muscle. ... Synonym: neurotendinous organ, neuroten …
Golgi type I neuron
<physiology> Nerve cells whose long axons leave the gray matter of which they form a part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi type II neuron
<physiology> Nerve cells with short axons which ramify in the gray matter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi zone
<cell biology> Part of the cytoplasm occupied by the Golgi apparatus, in secretory cells of exocrine glands, a zone between the nucleus and the luminal surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscle
<cell biology> An encapsulated sensory nerve ending similar to a pacinian corpuscle but simpler in structure. ... Tactile corpuscles found in the subcutaneous tissue of the fingertips, resembling pacinian corpuscles, but possessing fewer lamellae and a relatively larger cone, and having the contained fibres more extensively branched. ... (12 Ma …
Golgi, Camillo
<person> B. Corteno, Italy, July 7th, 1844. Was Professor of Histology and Anatomy first in Pavia and then in Siena. D. 1926. ... Golgi's Bodies - intracellular elements or spaces arranged as a network which is known, as a whole, as the Golgi apparatus. ... Golgi's Cells - nerve cells of the cortex cerebelli. ... Lived: 1844-1926. ... (05 Dec 199 …
Golgi's cell
More specifically see: Golgi type I neuron, Golgi type II neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi's osmiobichromate fixative
<chemical> An osmic-bichromate mixture used to demonstrate nerve cells and their processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi's stain
<technique> Any of several methods for staining nerve cells, nerve fibres, and neuroglia using fixation and hardening in formalin-osmic-dichromate combinations for various times, followed by impregnation in silver nitrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Golgi's theory
<physiology> The scientific theory that there are interconnections between the axons of Golgi cells and the axons of Deiter cells (both are types of neurons) which play important roles in neurotransmission. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
golgiokinesis
<cell biology> In mitosis, the process of division of the Golgi apparatus and its distribution to the two daughter cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goll, Friedrich
<person> Swiss anatomist, 1829-1903. ... See: Goll's column, nucleus of Goll, tract of Goll. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Goll's column
Synonym for fasciculus gracilis ... gracile fasciculus ...
Goltz syndrome
Synonym for focal dermal hypoplasia ... A genetic skin disease characterised by hypoplasia of the dermis, herniations of fat, and hand anomalies. It is found exclusively in females and transmitted as an x-linked dominant trait. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Goltz, Robert
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, *1923. ... See: Goltz syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gombault, Francois
<person> French neurologist and pathologist, 1844-1904. ... See: Gombault's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gombault's triangle
Synonym for semilunar fasciculus ... A compact bundle composed of descending branches of posterior root fibres located near the border between the fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord; it corresponds to the septomarginal fasciculus, Hoche's tract, or oval area of Flechsig in the lumbar, and to the triangle of Phil …
gomenol
<chemical, remedy> An ethereal oil obtained from a plant, Melaleuca viridiflora; the chief constituent is cineole. It has germicidal action, is free from irritating properties, and has been used in chronic inflammations of the pulmonary mucous membrane and as a vermifuge. ... Synonym: oleogomenol. ... Origin: Gomen, a locality in New Caledonia, …
gomitoli
<anatomy, pathology> Intricately coiled and looped capillary vessels present largely in the upper infundibular stem of the stalk of the pituitary gland; they comprise a portion of the pituitary portal circulation. ... Origin: It. Gomitolo, coil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gomori procedure
<procedure> Cytochemical staining procedure used to localise acid phosphatases. Depends upon the production of phosphate ions from organic phospho esters such as _ glycerophosphate. The phosphate in the presence of lead ions causes the formation of a precipitate of lead salt that is converted to the brown sulphide of lead by the action of yel …
Gomori, George
<person> Hungarian histochemist in the U.S., 1904-1957. ... See: Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver stain, Gomori's non-specific alkaline phosphatase stain, Gomori's one-step trichrome stain, Gomori's silver impregnation stain, Gomori's chrome alum haematoxylin-phloxine stain. See entries under stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin stain
<technique> A stain used to demonstrate beta cells of the pancreas, storage form of thyrotrophic hormone in beta cells of the anterior pituitary, hypophyseal neurosecretory substance, mast cells, granules, elastic fibres, sulfated mucins, and gastric chief cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gomori's methenamine-silver stain
<technique> Techniques for 1) argentaffin cells: a method using a methenamine-silver solution in combination with gold chloride, sodium thiosulphate, and safranin O; argentaffin granules appear brown-black against a green background; 2) urates: warm sections are treated directly with a hot methenamine-silver solution to produce a blackening o …
Gomori's one-step trichrome stain
<technique> A connective tissue stain that uses haematoxylin and a dye mixture containing chromotrope 2R and light green or aniline blue; muscle fibres appear red, collagen is green (or blue if aniline blue is used), and nuclei are blue to black. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gomori's silver impregnation stain
<technique> A reliable method for reticulin, as an aid in the diagnosis of neoplasm and early cirrhosis of the liver; the staining solution employs silver nitrate, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia water carefully prepared to avoid having silver precipitate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gompertz
Benjamin, English actuary, 1779-1865. ... See: Gompertz' hypothesis, Gompertz' law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gompertz' hypothesis
A theory that the force of mortality increases in geometrical progression, being based on the assumption that the average exhaustion of a person's power to avoid death is such that at the end of equal infinitely small intervals of time he loses equal proportions of the power to oppose destruction which he had at the commencement of each of these in …
Gompertz' law
The proportional relationship of mortality to age; after age 35-40, the increase in mortality with age tends to be logarithmic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonad
<biology> A sex organ, such as an ovary or a testicle, which produces the gametes in most multicellular animals. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
gonad dose
The exposure dose to the male or female gonad, usually from incidental secondary radiation in diagnostic or therapeutic irradiation, or from whole-body irradiation. ... Synonym: gonadal dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonad nucleus
Synonym for micronucleus ... <cell biology> The smaller nucleus in ciliate protozoans, fully active in inheritance and passed after meiosis to conjugating pairs. Gives rise to the macronucleus or macronuclei. Genes in the micronucleus are not actively transcribed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
gonadal
<anatomy> Pertaining to a gonad. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
gonadal agenesis
Synonym for gonadal aplasia ... Congenital absence of essentially all gonadal tissue; the external genitalia and genital ducts are female, but if interstitial cells of Leydig are present, the external genitalia are commonly ambiguous and the genital ducts are female. ... See: gonadal dysgenesis. ... Compare: Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome.< …
gonadal aplasia
Congenital absence of essentially all gonadal tissue; the external genitalia and genital ducts are female, but if interstitial cells of Leydig are present, the external genitalia are commonly ambiguous and the genital ducts are female. ... See: gonadal dysgenesis. ... Compare: Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome. ... Synonym: gonadal agenesis.
gonadal cords
Columns of germinal and follicle cells penetrating centripetally into the embryonic ovarian or testicular cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadal disorders
Disease of the ovaries and testes of any aetiology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gonadal dose
Synonym for gonad dose ... The exposure dose to the male or female gonad, usually from incidental secondary radiation in diagnostic or therapeutic irradiation, or from whole-body irradiation. ... Synonym: gonadal dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadal dysgenesis
<embryology, genetics> A rare genetic disorder in women that is characterised by the absence of an X chromosome. This disorder inhibits normal sexual development and causes infertility. ... Features include webbing of the neck, short stature, retarded development of secondary sex characteristics, absence of menses, coarctation of the aorta, lo …
gonadal dysgenesis, 46,xy
A syndrome characterised by 'streak gonads' in a phenotypic female with a 46,xy karyotype. It is due to a mutation which inhibits the function of the y-borne determinant that would normally cause the indifferent embryonic gonad to differentiate into a testis. The streak gonad is incapable of ovulation or oestrogen secretion. The syndrome is sometim …
gonadal dysgenesis, mixed
A syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis in which there is a testis on one side and a 'streak gonad' on the other. The phenotype is generally male, but may be female since the individual is a mosaic. Various karyotypes have been identified, including 45,xo/47,xyy; 45,xo/46,xy; and 45,xo/46,xyo. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gonadal hormones
Synonym for sex hormones ... Hormones having oestrogenic (female sex hormones) or androgenic (male sex hormones) activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gonadal ridge
An elevation of thickened mesothelium and underlying mesenchyme on the ventromedial border of the embryonic mesonephros; the primordial germ cells become embedded in it, establishing it as the primordium of the testis or ovary. ... Synonym: genital ridge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadal steroid-binding globulin
A protein that transports 65% of the testosterone in plasma. ... Synonym: sex steroid-binding globulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadal streak
A form of aplasia in which the ovary is replaced by a functionless tissue, as found in Turner's syndrome. ... Synonym: streak gonad. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadectomy
<procedure> Excision of ovary or testis. ... Origin: Gonado-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonado-
Gonad- ... The gonads. ... Origin: G. Gone, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadoblastoma
<oncology, tumour> A cancerous neoplasm, or abnormal growth (a type of dysgerminoma), in the ovary. It includes germ line cells and other components usually found within gonads. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
gonadocrins
Peptides that stimulate release of both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary; found in ovarian follicular fluid in rats. ... Origin: Gonad + G. Krino, to secrete ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gonadoliberin
Synonym for gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ... <hormone> The peptide hormone that control reproductive function. ... It produced and released by the hypothalamus and controls the production and release of gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland. ... It causes the production of luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. ... Synonym: go …
gonadopathy
Disease affecting the gonads. ... Origin: Gonado-+ G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
