Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

glucoinvertase
Synonym for alpha-d-glucosidase ... A glucohydrolase removing terminal nonreducing 1,4-linked alpha-glucose residues by hydrolysis, yielding alpha-glucose; a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme is associated with glycogen storage disease type II. There are at least five isozymes of maltase. ... Synonym: glucoinvertase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucokinetic
Tending to mobilise glucose; usually evidenced by a reduction of the glycogen stores in the tissues to produce an increase in the concentration of glucose circulating in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucolipid
<biochemistry> A lipid compound which contains the sugar glucose and which is made by living cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucolipids
Glycosphingolipids that contain d-glucose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucolysis
Synonym for glycolysis ... <biochemistry> The conversion of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway (i.e. The Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway) in the cytosol. ... Generates ATP without consuming oxygen and is thus anaerobic. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glucomannan
<plant biology> Hemicellulosic plant cell wall polysaccharide containing glucose and mannose linked by _(1-4) glycosidic bonds. May contain some side chains of galactose, in which case it may be termed galactoglucomannan. A major polysaccharide of gymnosperm wood (softwood). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gluconate 5-dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of gluconic acid to 5-ketogluconic acid; genbank x80019(gno) ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.69 ... Synonym: gluconate-nadp 5-oxidoreductase, gno dehydrogenase, gno gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gluconate permease
<chemical> Gntp(bs) isolated from bacillus subtilis ... Chemical name: permease, gluconate ... Synonym: gntp gene product, gntp(bs) gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gluconeogeneis
<biochemistry> The synthesis of a carbohydrate from simple non-carbohydrade precursor molecules such as pyruvate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gluconeogenesis
<biochemistry> Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. Takes place largely in liver and serves to maintain blood glucose under conditions of starvation or intense exercise. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gluconic acid
<biochemistry> An acid with the chemical formula C6H12O7. at room temperature, it is a colourless crystal, it melts at 131 degrees Celsius. It can be made by the oxidation of glucose. It will dissolve in water and alcohols. It is used in pharmaceuticals and some food products, as a cleanser, and as a catalyst in textile printing. ... (09 Oct 1 …

gluconokinase
<enzyme> Gntk(bs) isolated from bacillus subtilis ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.12 ... Synonym: gluconate kinase, gntk gene product, gntk(bs) gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gluconolactonase
<enzyme> Aldonolactonase (formerly EC 3.1.1.18) was combined with this ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.17 ... Synonym: aldonolactonase, gulonolactone hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucooligosaccharide oxidase
<enzyme> Oxidises oligosaccharides with glucose on the reducing end and each sugar residue joined by an alpha- or beta-1,4 glucosidic bond; active on maltose, lactose, cellobiose and maltose derivatives up to seven residues ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucopenia
Synonym: hypoglycaemia. ... Origin: Gluco-+ G. Penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucoplastic
Synonym for glucogenic ... Giving rise to or producing glucose. ... Synonym: glucoplastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucoprotein
A glycoprotein in which the sugar is glucose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucopyranose
Glucose in its pyranose form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosamine
<biochemistry> Amino sugar (2 amino 2 deoxyglucose), component of chitin, heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate and many complex polysaccharides. Usually found as _ D N acetyl glucosamine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glucosamine acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Deficient in sanfilippo syndrome type c ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.3 ... Synonym: acetyl-CoA-alpha-glucosaminide n-acetyltransferase, acetyl-coenzyme a-alpha-glucosaminide n-acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucosaminidase
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucosaminoglycan
Synonym for glycosaminoglycan ... <biochemistry> A macromolecule found on the surface of eukaryotic cells which is thought to play a role in the cells recognition of other cells or of a substrate. It consists of a network of long, branched chains made up of repeating units of disaccharides which contain amino groups sugars, at least one of whi …

glucosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (or mucopolysaccharides) in which all of the constituent sugar amines are glucosamines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosans
Polysaccharides yielding glucose upon hydrolysis; e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch, dextrins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucose
<biochemistry> D glucose, a monosaccharide (hexose), C6H12O6, found in certain foodstuffs, especially fruits and in the normal blood of all animals. It is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, its utilisation being controlled by insulin. ... Excess glucose is converted to glycogen an …

glucose 1-phosphate
<biochemistry> Product of glycogen breakdown by phosphorylase. Converted to glucose 6 phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
<enzyme> Glycerate-1,3-p(2) + glucose -1-p yields glycerate-p + glucose-1,6-p(2) ... Chemical name: glucose 1,6-diphosphate synthase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.106 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucose clamp technique
<technique> Maintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used for the study of metabolic rates (e.g., in glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism) at constant glucose concentration. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucose dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Converts beta-d-glucose to d-glucono-d-lactone, transferring hydrogen to NAD+ or NADP+. ... Compare: glucose oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucose dehydrogenases
<enzyme> D-glucose:1-oxidoreductases. Catalyses the oxidation of d-glucose to d-glucono-gamma-lactone and reduced acceptor. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucose effect
<biochemistry> The ability of the sugar glucose to block sugar metabolism by keeping the genes which make the enzymes involved in the early steps of sugar metabolism from making those enzymes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucose intolerance
A pathological state in which the fasting plasma glucose level is less than 140 mg per deciliter and the 30-, 60-, or 90-minute plasma glucose concentration following a glucose tolerance test exceeds 200 mg per deciliter. This condition is seen frequently in diabetes mellitus but also occurs with other diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucose isomerase
<enzyme> An isomerase enzyme which converts the sugar glucose into the sugar fructose. Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucose oxidase method
<chemical pathology> A highly specific method for measurement of glucose in serum or plasma by reaction with glucose oxidase, in which gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide are formed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucose oxidase paper strip test
<chemical pathology> A qualitative test for glucose in the urine, in which glucose is oxidised to gluconic acid by glucose oxidase; a specific test, unless ascorbic acid is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucose phosphomutase
Synonym for phosphoglucomutase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of alpha d-glucose 1-phosphate to alpha d-glucose-6-phosphate. ... Chemical name: alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-phosphomutase ... Registry number: EC 5.4.2.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucose related protein
<protein> One of the stress related proteins: identical to endoplasmin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glucose solution, hypertonic
Solution that is usually 10 percent glucose but may be higher. An isotonic solution of glucose is 5 percent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucose tolerance factor
A water-soluble complex containing chromium needed for normal glucose tolerance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucose tolerance test
<chemical pathology, investigation> A special test where the blood glucose is measure in intervals after a glucose-rich meal is taken, a test used for diagnosing diabetes. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

glucose-1-fructose-2-oxidoreductase
<enzyme> Catalyses intermolecular oxidation-reduction of glucose and fructose to form gluconolactone and sorbitol; contains tightly bound nadp as h+ carrier; does not require added cofactor ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucose-1-phosphatase
<enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of d-glucose 1-phosphate and water to d-glucose and orthophosphate ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.10 ... Synonym: agp gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucose-1-phosphate kinase
Synonym for phosphoglucokinase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP, catalyses the phosphorylation of d-glucose 1-phosphate to form d-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP; found in yeast and muscle; d-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is a required cofactor of one of the enzymes in glycogenolysis. ... Synonym: glucose-1-phosphate kinase. ... ( …

glucose-3-phosphatase
<enzyme> From rat liver; has glucose-3-phosphate hydrolytic activity ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucose-6-dehydrogenase deficiency
<biochemistry> An inherited condition that results in a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Particular drugs (sulphonamides) can exacerbate this problem. The result is haemolytic anaemia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

glucose-6-phosphatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of d-glucose-6-phosphate and water to d-glucose and orthophosphate. This enzyme is deficient in glycogen storage disease Ia. ... Chemical name: D-Glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.9 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucose-6-phosphate
<biochemistry> Glucose 6-phosphate is a phosphomonoester of glucose that is formed by transfer of phosphate from ATP, catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase. ... It is an intermediate both of the glycolytic pathway (next converted to fructose 6 phosphate) and of the NADPH generating pentose phosphate pathway, formed from glucose via hexokinase. Ho …

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An NADP+ enzyme that catalyses the dehydrogenation (oxidation) of d-glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phospho-d-glucono-d-lactone, this reaction initiating the Dickens shunt. ... Deficiency of this enzyme is the commonest disease-causing enzyme defect in humans affecting an estimated 400 million people. ... The gene for this enzyme is on the X …

glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reversible interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, and is a part of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, results in liver glycogenesis and haemolytic anaemia. ... Chemical name: D-Glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase ... R …

glucose-6-phosphate translocase
<enzyme> A component of EC 3.1.3.9 which transports glucose phosphate into endoplasmic reticulum ... Registry number: EC 2.7.- ... Synonym: t1 transport protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucose-fructose oxidoreductase
<enzyme> Isolated from zymomonas mobilis; catalyses the formation of sorbitol and glucono-delta-lactone from glucose and fructose; enzyme contains tightly bound nadp+ ... Registry number: EC 1.1.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucose-phosphate isomerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reversible interconversion of d-fructose 6-phosphate and d-glucose-6-phosphate; a part of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency is an inherited disorder resulting in liver glycogenesis and haemolytic anaemia. ... Synonym: hexosephosphate isomerase, phosphohexomutase, phospho …

glucosephosphate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Chemical name: D-Glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.49 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucosidase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalysing the release of glucose by hydrolysis of the glycosidic link in various B D glucosides, R B D glucose, where the group R may be alkyl, aryl, mono or oligosaccharide. Favoured source: almonds, from which enzyme is known as emulsin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glucosidase inhibitor
Agents such as acarbose which reduce gastrointestinal absorption of carbohydrates. This group of drugs has been known popularly as 'starch blockers'. They lower plasma glucose levels and tend to cause weight loss. A limiting side effect is flatulence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosidases
<enzyme> Enzymes that hydrolyze o-glucosyl-compounds. (enzyme nomenclature, 1992) ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucoside
<biochemistry> Any of a number of compounds, typically extracted from plants, that can be hydrolysed into dextrose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucosidic linkage
<biochemistry> The linkages between dextrose molecules in a glucoside compound which must be hydrolysed (broken apart) to produce the dextrose molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucosin
<protein> Any of a group of products resulting from a reaction of ammonia (NH3) with the sugar glucose. Some of these are strong poisons. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucosinolates
Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolised to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucosone
A 2-dehydrogenation (2-keto) product of glucose; a possible intermediate in the formation of glucosamine from glucose. ... Origin: Glucose + -one ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosulfone sodium
P,p'-Sulfonyldianiline N,N'-diglucoside disodium;a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of leprosy; parenteral administration is better tolerated than oral administration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosulphone sodium
<drug> A drug used to treat the disease leprosy. It has the chemical formula of C24H34N2Na2O18S3. ... It is a yellowish white solid, a solution of which is intravenously injected into the patient. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucosyl
The radical of glucose that has lost its hemiacetal (C-1) OH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosylation
<biochemistry> Transfer of glucose residues, usually from the nucleotide sugar derivative UDPG. ... Enzymic glucosylation to generate the glucosyl galactosyl disaccharide on the hydroxylysine of collagen is a normal process. A recent theory suggests that glucosylation of certain long lived proteins by a nonenzymic reaction with free glucose ma …

glucosylceramidase
<enzyme> A glycosidase that hydrolyzes a glucosylceramide to yield free ceramide plus glucose. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to abnormally high concentrations of glucosylceramide in the brain in gaucher's disease. ... Chemical name: D-Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucosylhydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.45 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucosylceramide
A neutral glycolipid containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine (or a derivative thereof); accumulates in individuals with Gaucher disease. ... Synonym: glucocerebroside. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucosylceramides
Cerebrosides which contain as their polar head group a glucose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramides. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in beta-glucosidase, is the cause of gaucher's disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucosyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme which transfers residues of glucose (a sugar) to acceptor molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucosyltransferases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gluculase
<enzyme> Snail gut juice which degrades cell walls; no other information available 6/84 ... Registry number: EC 3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucuronan lyase
<enzyme> Catalyses beta-elimination cleavage of acetylated and deacetylated (1->4)-beta-d-glucuronan ... Registry number: EC 4.2.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucuronate
A salt or ester of glucuronic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucuronate 2-sulfatase
<enzyme> does not act on iduronate-2-sulfate ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- ... Synonym: glucurono-2-sulfatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucuronate reductase
<enzyme> Alpha-1-6 in the presence of alpha-1,3 glucosidic linkages; text ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.19 ... Synonym: glucuronoreductase, hexonate dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glucurone
Synonym for d-glucuronolactone ... Lactone of d-glucofuranuronic acid;used as a means of orally administering glucuronic acid in the management of collagen and joint diseases. ... Synonym: glucurone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucuronic acid
<biochemistry> A glucose molecule which has had its sixth carbon atom (of six total) oxidized. It has the chemical formula C6H10O7. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glucuronidase
<enzyme> Chemical name: beta-D-Glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.31 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

glucuronide
<biochemistry> A substance produced by attaching glucuronic acid to another substance with glycosidic bonds. ... Toxic substances can be removed from the body in this manner - glucuronic acid is introduced into the body, the acid forms a glycosidic bond with the toxic substance and neutralises it, and the resulting glucuronide is eventually ex …

glucuronose
An obsolete term for glucuronic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glucuronosyltransferase
<enzyme> A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of udpglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. ... Chemical name: UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-un …

glucuronoxylan
<biochemistry> H Emicellulosic plant cell wall polysaccharide containing glucuronic acid and xylose as its main constituents. ... Has a _(1-4) xylan backbone, with 4-0 methylglucuronic acid side chains. Arabinose and acetyl side chains may also be present. Major polysaccharide of angiosperm wood (hardwood). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glucuronoxylan xylanohydrolase
<enzyme> From higher plants; hydrolyzes beta (1-4)-xylosyl linkages to yield oligomeric species; glucuronosyl moieties as side chains are required ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: glucuronoxylanase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glue
To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten. 'This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me speak.' (Shak) ... Origin: F. Gluer. See Glue. ... A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc, of animals. When gently heated with w …

glue ear
Middle ear inflammation with thick mucoid effusion caused by long-standing eustachian tube obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glue proteins, drosophila
Glycosylated proteins which are part of the salivary glue that drosophila larvae secrete as a means of fixing themselves to an external substrate for the duration of the pre-pupal and pupal period. The proteins which consist of at least eight polypeptides are encoded in the third larval instar by the sgs-3, sgs-4, sgs-7 and sgs-8 genes. ... (12 Dec …

glue-sniffing
Inhalation of fumes from plastic cements; the solvents, which include toluene, xylene, and benzene, induce central nervous system stimulation followed by depression. ... See: solvent inhalation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gluge, Gottlieb
<person> German histologist, 1812-1898. ... See: Gluge's corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gluge's corpuscles
Large pus cells containing fat droplets. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glumaceous
Glume-like, tending to be chaffy or membranous in texture. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glume
<botany> A bract in the inflorescence of a grass, sedge or similar plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

glusulase
<chemical> Consists of beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase; from snails ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glut
1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge. 'Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to glut him.' (Shak) ... 2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy. 'His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes.' (Dryden) 'The realms of n …

glut itis
Inflammation of the muscles of the buttock. ... Origin: G. Gloutos, buttock, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glutaconic acid
HOOCCH2CH==CHCOOH;dicarboxylic acid that accumulates in individuals with glutaric acidemia type I. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glutaconyl CoA decarboxylase
<enzyme> Forms crotonyl CoA ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- ... Synonym: glutaconyl coenzyme a decarboxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glutamate
<biochemistry, physiology> Major fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. ... See: glutamate receptor. ... Also the excitatory neuromuscular transmitter in arthropod skeletal muscles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

glutamate acetyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing transfer of an acetyl group from N2-acetylornithine to l-glutamate forming l-ornithine and N-acetyl-l-glutamate, an activator of the urea cycle. ... Synonym: ornithine acetyltransferase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

glutamate aminotransferase
<enzyme> Aromatic keto acid acts as amine acceptor ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

glutamate decarboxylase
<enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the alpha-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining gaba levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also ac …