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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

avian herpesvirus 1
<virology> A virus causing avian infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian herpesvirus 2
<virology> A virus causing Marek's disease in chickens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian infectious encephalomyelitis
<veterinary> A disease of very young chicks caused by a picornavirus and characterised by tremor, ataxia, somnolence, and finally death. ... Synonym: epidemic tremor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian influenza
Synonym for fowl plague ... Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other birds with influenza a virus, avian. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avian influenza virus
<virology> A type A influenza virus (genus Influenzavirus) that causes fowl plague. ... Synonym: fowl plague virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian leukaemia virus
<virology> Group of C type RNA tumour viruses (Oncovirinae) that cause various leukaemias and other tumours in birds. ... The acute leukaemia viruses, that are replication defective and require helper viruses, include avian erythroblastosis (AEV), myeloblastosis (AMV) and myelo cytomatosis viruses. ... AEV carries two transforming genes, v erbA …

avian leukaemia-sarcoma complex
A term applied to a group of transmissible virus-induced diseases of chickens causing sarcoma, myeloblastosis, erythroblastosis, leukosis, osteopetrosis, and lymphomatosis. These agents are closely related viruses (avian leukosis-sarcoma virus) causing prolferation of immature erythroid, myeloid, or lymphoid cells, a division of the RNA tumour viru …

avian leukosis
A group of transmissible, virus-induced diseases of chickens, characterised by proliferation of immature erythroid, myeloid, or lymphoid cells. It includes both leukaemic and solid-tumour forms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avian leukosis-sarcoma virus
avian leukosis-sarcoma complex ...

avian lymphomatosis virus
avian leukosis-sarcoma complex ...

avian malaria
<veterinary> Plasmodial infections of domestic and wild birds, transmitted chiefly by culicine mosquitoes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian monocytosis
Synonym for bluecomb disease of chickens ... An acute or subacute disease of young laying chickens characterised by lowered egg production, diarrhoea, frequently cyanosis of the head, and pathologic changes involving chiefly the liver and kidney; aetiology is not definitely established. ... Synonym: avian monocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian myeloblastosis
Disease caused by the avian leukosis-sarcoma virus, which belongs to the family Retroviridae, characterised by progressive anaemia, enormous numbers of myeloblasts in the blood, weakness, and death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian myeloblastosis virus
avian leukosis-sarcoma complex ...

avian neurolymphomatosis virus
The herpesvirus that causes avian lymphomatosis (Marek's disease); is distinct from those causing other forms of leukosis. ... Synonym: avian lymphomatosis virus, fowl neurolymphomatosis virus, Marek's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian pneumoencephalitis virus
Synonym for Newcastle Disease virus ... <virology> A paramyxovirus that causes the fatal disease, fowl pest, in poultry. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

avian reticuloendotheliosis
A leukosis-like disease of fowl caused by viruses of the avian type C retroviruses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian sarcoma
Synonym for Rous sarcoma ... <tumour> A fibrosarcoma, originally observed in a Plymouth Rock hen, now thought to be an expression of infection by certain viruses of the avian leukosis-sarcoma complex in the family Retroviridae. ... Synonym: avian sarcoma, Rous tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian sarcoma virus
avian leukosis-sarcoma complex ...

avian trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis occurring in the upper digestive tract in a variety of birds and caused by Trichomonas gallinae; it causes necrotic ulceration in the mouth, oesophagus, crop, and proventriculus, frequently with rapid weight loss and death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avian viral arthritis virus
A virus of the genus Reovirus, family Reoviridae, causing tenosynovitis and arthritis in chickens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aviation
Design, development, manufacture, and operation of heavier-than-air aircraft. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aviation medicine
The study and practice of medicine as it applies to physiologic problems peculiar to aviation. ... Synonym: aeromedicine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aviation otitis
Synonym for aerotitis media ... See Aerotitis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aviator's disease
Syndrome resembling decompression sickness occurring in occupants of airplanes that reach very high altitudes without adequate pressurization of the cabin. ... See: decompression sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aviator's ear
Synonym for aerotitis media ... See Aerotitis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avibirnavirus
A genus of RNA viruses in the family birnaviridae infecting birds. It is transmitted horizontally with no known vectors. The type species is infectious bursal disease virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avidin
<protein> Biotin binding protein (68 kD) from egg white. Binding is so strong as to be effectively irreversible a diet of raw egg white leads to biotin deficiency. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

avidin-biotin immunofluorescence
Holds promise for more sensitive and specific amplification of indirect fluorescent antibody procedures. Antibody to the patient's specific antibodies is labelled with biotin, a compound capable of specifically binding avidin in high concentrations. Fluorescent labelled avidin is then added and fluorescent microscopy is used to detect the presence …

avidity
<chemistry> Strength of binding, usually of a small molecule with multiple binding sites by a larger, particularly the binding of a complex antigen by an antibody. ... (Affinity refers to simple receptor ligand systems.) ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

avidity antibody
The sum total of the functional binding strength between a polyvariant and its antibody. The total binding strength represents the sum strength of all the affinity bonds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avihepadnavirus
A genus of hepadnaviridae infecting birds but rarely causing clinical problems. Transmission is predominantly vertical. Hepatitis b virus, duck is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avipoxvirus
A genus of the family poxviridae, subfamily chordopoxvirinae, comprising bird poxviruses. The type species is fowlpox virus. Transmission is mechanical by arthropods. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avirulent
Not virulent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avision
Synonym for vision ... 1. <ophthalmology> The act or faculty of seeing, sight. ... 2. <psychiatry> An apparition, a subjective sensation of vision not elicited by actual visual stimuli. ... 3. Visual acuity, symbol V. ... Origin: L. Visio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avivement
An obsolete term for the excision of the edges of a wound to assist the healing process. ... Origin: Fr. Aviver, to quicken, revive ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aVL
<abbreviation> Augmented electrocardiographic leads from the left arm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AVM
Synonym for arteriovenous malformation ... <anatomy, embryology> A tangled collection of abnormal blood vessels where there is an abnormal communication between the arterial and venous systems. The afferents flow directly into the venous efferents without the usual resistance of an intervening capillary bed. ... They are mostly congenital. If l …

avocation
1. A calling away; a diversion. 'Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin.' (South) ... 2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation. 'Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments avocations.' (Fuller) 'By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnish …

Avogadro
Amadeo, Italian physicist, 1776-1856. ... See: Avogadro's constant, Avogadro's hypothesis, Avogadro's law, Avogadro's number, Avogadro's postulate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Avogadro's constant
Synonym for Avogadro's number ... <physics> The number of molecules in a mole (gram molecular weight) of a substance, equals 6.02 x 1023 molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Avogadro's hypothesis
<physics> The hypothesis that equal volumes of two different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

Avogadro's law
Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules, the conditions of pressure and temperature being the same. ... Synonym: Ampere's postulate, Avogadro's hypothesis, Avogadro's postulate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Avogadro's number
<physics> The number of molecules in a mole (gram molecular weight) of a substance, equals 6.02 x 1023 molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Avogadro's postulate
Synonym for Avogadro's law ... Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules, the conditions of pressure and temperature being the same. ... Synonym: Ampere's postulate, Avogadro's hypothesis, Avogadro's postulate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoid
1. To empty. ... 2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to avoid excretions. ... 3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from. 'Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room.' (Bacon) ... 4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute. 'How can these grants of the king's be avoided?' (Spenser) ... 5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor n …

avoidance conditioning
The technique whereby an organism learns to avoid unpleasant or punishing stimuli by learning the appropriate anticipatory response to protect it from further such stimuli. ... Compare: escape conditioning. ... Synonym: avoidance training. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoidance learning
A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avoidance training
Synonym for avoidance conditioning ... The technique whereby an organism learns to avoid unpleasant or punishing stimuli by learning the appropriate anticipatory response to protect it from further such stimuli. ... Compare: escape conditioning. ... Synonym: avoidance training. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoidance-avoidance conflict
A situation of indecision and vacillation when the individual is confronted with two equally unattractive alternatives. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoidant disorder of adolescence
Synonym for avoidant disorder of childhood ... A mental disorder occurring in childhood or adolescence characterised by an excessive shrinking away from contact with people who are unfamiliar. ... Synonym: avoidant disorder of adolescence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoidant disorder of childhood
A mental disorder occurring in childhood or adolescence characterised by an excessive shrinking away from contact with people who are unfamiliar. ... Synonym: avoidant disorder of adolescence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoidant personality
A personality characterised by a hypersensitivity to potential rejection, humiliation, or shame, an unwillingness to enter into relationships without unusually strong guarantees of uncritical acceptance, social withdrawal in spite of a desire for affection and acceptance, and low self-esteem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avoided costs
An investment guideline describing the value of a conservation or generation resource investment by the cost of more expensive resources that a utility would otherwise have to acquire. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

avoirdupois
1. Goods sold by weight. ... 2. Avoirdupois weight. ... 3. Weight; heaviness; as, a woman of much avoirdupois. Avoirdupois weight, a system of weights by which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea. ... The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled …

AVP
<abbreviation> Antiviral protein; arginine vasopressin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aVR
<abbreviation> Augmented electrocardiographic leads from the right arm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avulsed wound
A wound caused by or resulting from avulsion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

avulsion
Tearing away. A nerve can be avulsed by an injury, as can part of a bone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

avulsion fracture
A fracture that occurs when a joint capsule, ligament, or muscle insertion of origin is pulled from the bone as a result of a sprain dislocation or strong contracture of the muscle against resistance; as the soft tissue is pulled away from the bone, a fragment or fragments of the bone may come away with it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AW
<abbreviation> Atomic weight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

awake
1. To rouse from sleep.; to wake; to awaken. 'Where morning's earliest ray . . . Awake her.' (Tennyson) 'And his disciples came to him, and awoke him, saying, Lord, save us; we perish.' (Matt. Viii. 25) ... 2. To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity, or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; as, to aw …

awareness
The act of 'taking account' of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

away
1. From a place; hence. 'The sound is going away.' (Shak) 'Have me away, for I am sore wounded.' (2 Chron. Xxxv. 23) ... 2. Absent; gone; at a distance; as, the master is away from home. ... 3. Aside; off; in another direction. 'The axis of rotation is inclined away from the sun.' (Lockyer) ... 4. From a state or condition of being; out of existence. …

awl
A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc. ... Origin: OE. Aul, awel, al, AS. L, awel; akin to Icel. Alr, OHG. Ala, G. Ahle, Lith. Yla, Skr. Ara. ... Sour …

awn
<botany> A bristle-like appendage, for example on the tip or back of the lemma of a grass floret. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

awned
<botany> Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip; bearded. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

awry
1. Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; as, to glance awry. ... 2. Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

ax
To ask; to inquire or inquire of. ... This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States. 'And Pilate axide him, Art thou king of Jewis?' 'Or if he axea fish.' 'bdThe king ax …

axe
A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The broadax, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and …

Axenfeld, K Theodor
<person> German ophthalmologist, 1867-1930. ... See: Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axenic
<biology> A situation in which only one species is present. Thus an axenic culture is uncontaminated by organisms of other species, an axenic organism does not have commensal organisms in the gut etc. ... Some organisms have obligate symbionts and cannot be grown axenically. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

axenic culture
<cell culture, microbiology> A culture that contains only one microbial species. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

axerophthol
Synonym: vitamin A. ... Origin: antixerophthalmic + -ol ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axes
Plural of axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial
<anatomy> Position as it relates to the CNS. Intra-axial is within the CNS, extra-axial is outside the CNS. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

axial ametropia
That resulting from a shortening or lengthening of the eyeball on the optic axis, causing hyperopia or myopia, respectively. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial aneurysm
An aneurysm involving the entire circumference of a blood vessel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial angle
An angle formed by two surfaces of a body, the line of union of which is parallel with its axis; the axial angle's of a tooth are the distobuccal, distolabial, distolingual, mesiobuccal, mesiolabial, and mesiolingual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial cataract
A lenticular opacity in the visual axis of the lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial current
The central rapidly moving portion of the bloodstream in an artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial filament
The central filament of a flagellum or cilium; with the electron microscope it is seen as a complex of nine peripheral diplomicrotubules and a central pair of microtubules. ... Synonym: axoneme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial hyperopia
Hyperopia due to shortening of the anteroposterior diameter of the globe of the eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial muscle
<anatomy> One of the skeletal muscle's of the trunk or head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial neuritis
Synonym for parenchymatous neuritis ... Inflammation of the nervous substance proper, the axons, and myelin. ... Synonym: axial neuritis, central neuritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial pattern flap
A flap that includes a direct specific artery within its longitudinal axis. ... Synonym: arterial flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial plane
Transverse plane, as in CT scanning. ... Synonym: transaxial plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial plate
The primitive streak of an embryo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial point
Synonym for nodal point ... One of two point's in a compound optical system so related that a ray directed toward the first point will appear to have passed through the second point parallel to its original direction. ... Synonym: axial point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial projection
Radiographic projection devised to obtain direct visualization of the base of the skull. ... Synonym: axial view, base projection, submental vertex projection, submentovertical projection, verticosubmental view. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial section
Synonym for transverse section ... A cross section obtained by slicing, actually or through imaging techniques, the body or any part of the body structure, in a horizontal plane, i.e., a plane which intersects the longitudinal axis at a right angle. Since actual sectioning in the transverse plane results in an inferior and a superior portion, an ana …

axial skeleton
Articulated bones of head and vertebral column, i.e., head and trunk, as opposed to the appendicular skeleton, the articulated bones of the upper and lower limbs. ... Synonym: skeleton axiale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial surface
The surface of a tooth parallel with its long axis; the axial surface's are the vestibular (labial or buccal), lingual, and contact (mesial or distal). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial view
Synonym for axial projection ... Radiographic projection devised to obtain direct visualization of the base of the skull. ... Synonym: axial view, base projection, submental vertex projection, submentovertical projection, verticosubmental view. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axial walls of the pulp chambers
The wall's parallel with the long axis of a tooth: the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual wall's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axially
<anatomy> In relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial line. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axifugal
Extending away from an axis or axon. ... Synonym: axofugal. ... Origin: L. Axis + fugio, to flee from ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axil
<plant biology> The upper angle formed by a leaf or branch and the axis bearing it (main stem). ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

axile
<botany> Describes a plant part which is on an axis, of a placenta, on the central axis of the ovary. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...