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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

atrophodermatosis
Any cutaneous affection in which a prominent symptom is skin atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophy
<pathology> A wasting away, a diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ or part. ... Origin: L., Gr. Atrophia ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atropine
<drug> A toxic alkaloid extracted from belladonna and other members of thenightshade family, it is typically used to dilate the eye and to stopmuscular spasms. ... Pharmacologic action: Parasympatholytic. Competitive blockade of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Increases sinus node automaticity and AV conduction. ... Uses: Treat bradycard …

atropine dehydrase
<enzyme> Proposed mechanism for conversion of atropine or scopolamine to apoatropine or aposcopolamine via a mechanism using hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase by guinea pig liver ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.- ... Synonym: scopolamine dehydrase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

atropine derivatives
Analogs and derivatives of atropine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atropine methonitrate
The methylnitrate of atropine, with the same actions and uses as atropine, but less lipid-soluble and hence with fewer central nervous system effects; a quaternary compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atropine methylbromide
Synonym for methylatropine bromide ... A quaternary derivative of atropine that is less lipid soluble and hence produces fewer central nervous system actions; a cycloplegic. ... Synonym: atropine methylbromide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atropine sulfate
An anticholinergic; a widely used soluble salt of atropine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atropine test
Synonym for Dehio's test ... If an injection of atropine relieves bradycardia, the condition is due to action of the vagus; if it does not, the condition may be due to an affection of the heart itself. ... Synonym: atropine test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atropinic
Term used to indicate a sharing of pharmacologic properties with atropine. This means blocking parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions leading to a constellation of effects including tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth, constipation, mydriasis, cycloplegia, and other anticholinergic effects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atropinism
Symptoms of poisoning by atropine or belladonna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atropinization
Administration of atropine or belladonna to the point of achieving the pharmacologic effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atroscine
Dl-scopolamine. ... See: scopolamine. ... Origin: atropine + hyoscine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrotoxin
A component of diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom that specifically and reversibly increases voltage-dependent calcium ion currents in isolated myocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atroxase
<enzyme> Nonhemorrhagic fibrinolytic protease from western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) venom: an aalpha, bbeta fibrinogenase, cleaves alpha chain of fibrinogen first followed by beta chain and shows no effect on gamma chain; consists of a single nonglycosylated polypeptide chain; mw: 23,500; amino acid sequence given in second so …

ATT site
<molecular biology> A site on the chromosome of the bacteria E. Coli where the lambda bacteriophage can insert its genome (all of its DNA) so that it can lie dormant and have its DNA reproduced whenever the bacterium reproduces for as long as the bacterium remains healthy (that is, so that it becomes lysogenic). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

attach
1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like. 'The shoulder blade is . . . Attached only to the muscles.' (Paley) 'A huge stone to which the cable was attached.' (Macaulay) ... 2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; as, an officer …

attached cranial section
Synonym for attached craniotomy ... <procedure> Craniotomy with a segment of the calvaria and attached soft tissues turned as a flap to expose the cranial cavity. ... Synonym: attached cranial section, osteoplastic craniotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attached craniotomy
<procedure> Craniotomy with a segment of the calvaria and attached soft tissues turned as a flap to expose the cranial cavity. ... Synonym: attached cranial section, osteoplastic craniotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attached gingiva
That part of the oral mucosa which is firmly bound to the tooth and alveolar process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attachment
1. The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; an passion of affection that binds a person; as, an attachment to a friend, or to a party. ... 2. That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle. 'The human mind . . . Has exhausted its forces in the e …

attachment apparatus
The tissues that attach the tooth to the alveolar process: cementum, periodontal membrane, and alveolar bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attachment sites
<microbiology, molecular biology> Particular loci in both bacterial and phage DNA molecules at which phage DNA is integrated into the bacterial DNA by recombination between these sites. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attack
1. To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault. 'Attack their lines.' ... 2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet. ... 3. To set to work upon, as upon …

attack rate
A cumulative incidence rate used for particular groups observed for limited periods under special circumstances, such as during an epidemic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attain
1. To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach. 'If by any means they might attain to Phenice.' (Acts xxvii. 12) 'Nor nearer might the dogs attain.' (Sir W. Scott) 'To see your trees attain to the dignity of timber.' (Cowper) 'Few boroughs had as yet attained to power such as this. …

attainder
1. The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of death or outlawry; as, an act of attainder. ... Formerly attainder was the inseparable consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the re …

attainment area
A geographic region where the concentration of a specific air pollutant does not exceed federal standards. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

attaint
1. To attain; to get act; to hit. ... 2. To find guilty; to convict; said especially. Of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict. 'Upon sufficient proof attainted of some open act by men of his own condition.' (Blackstone) ... 3. To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in res …

attar of rose
Synonym: rose oil, oil of rose. ... Origin: Pers. Attara, to smell sweet ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attempt
1. To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a bold flight. 'Something attempted, something done, Has earned a night's repose.' (Longfellow) ... 2. To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt. 'It made the laughter of an afternoon That …

attend
1. To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard. 'The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not attend the unskillful words of the passenger.' (Sir P. Sidney) ... 2. To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over. ... 3. To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit professionally, …

attending
In psychology, an aroused readiness to percieve, as in listening or looking; focusing of sense organs is sometimes involved. ... Origin: L. Attendo, to bend to, notice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attending physician
Physician responsible for the care of a patient, physician supervising the care of patients by interns, residents, and/or medical students. ... A doctor who has completed internship and residency. ... Family physician, a physician who specialises in family practice. ... Osteopathic physician, a practitioner of osteopathy. ... Synonym: osteopath. ... (05 …

attending staff
Physicians and surgeons who are members of a hospital staff and regularly attend their patients at the hospital; may also supervise and teach house staff, fellows, and medical students. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attending surgeon
A surgical member of the attending staff of a hospital. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attention
Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attention deficit disorder
An inability to control behaviour due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attentive
1. Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention. ... Attentive is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as, an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a person is attentive to the words, and to the manner and matter, of a spe …

attenuate
Tapering gradually. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

attenuated
<microbiology, virology> To reduce the virulence (infectivity) of a pathogenic microorganism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

attenuated tuberculosis
A mild chronic form marked by caseous tubercles of the skin and the occurrence of cold abscesses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attenuated vaccine
Live pathogens that have lost their virulence but are still capable of inducing a protective immune response to the virulent forms of the pathogen, e.g., Sabin polio vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attenuated virus
A weakened virus that is no longer virulent. Can be used to make a live virus vaccine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attenuation
<radiobiology> Process by which a beam of radiation is reduced in intensity when passing through material - combination of absorption and scattering processes, leading to a decrease in flux density of beam when projected through matter. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

attenuation coefficient
1. <radiobiology> Compton: The fractional number of photons removed from a beam of radiation per unit thickness of material through which it is passing as a result of Compton effect interactions. ... 2. Linear: The fractional number of photons removed from a beam of radiation per unit thickness of material through which it is passing due to al …

attenuation compensation
Synonym for time-gain compensation ... In ultrasonography, an increase in receiver gain with time to compensate for loss in echo amplitude with depth, usually due to attenuation. ... Synonym: attenuation compensation, depth compensation, time compensation gain, time-compensated gain, time-varied gain control, time-varied gain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attenuation factor
<radiobiology> A measure of the opacity of a layer of material for radiation transversing it, the ratio of the incident intensity to the transmitted intensity. It is equal to Io/I, where Io and I are the intensities of the incident and emergent radiation, respectively. In the usual sense of exponential absorption (I = Ioe- m x), the attenuati …

attenuator
<molecular biology> An RNA sequence that regulates the expression of certain genes by terminating transcription. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

attic
Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined. Attic base, a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and 'Roman Doric' orders, and imitated …

atticomastoid
Relating to the attic of the tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum or cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atticotomy
<procedure> Operative opening into the tympanic attic. ... Origin: attic + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attire
1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; especially, ornamental clothing. 'Earth in her rich attire.' (Milton) 'I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire.' (Shak) 'Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire?' (Jer. Ii. 32) ... 2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck. ... 3. <botany> The internal …

attitude
An enduring, learned predisposition to behave in a consistent way toward a given class of objects, or a persistent mental and/or neural state of readiness to react to a certain class of objects, not as they are but as they are conceived to be. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attitude of health personnel
Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attitude to computers
The attitude and behaviour associated with an individual using the computer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attitude to death
Conceptual response of the individual to the various aspects of death, which are based on his psychosocial and cultural experience. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attitude to health
Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

attitudinal
Relating to a posture of the body; e.g., attitudinal (statotonic) reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attitudinal reflexes
Synonym for statotonic reflexes ... Reflex's in which utricular receptors in the vestibular apparatus sense changes in the head's position in space in terms of linear acceleration and the earth's gravitational field while receptors in the neck muscles sense changes in the position of the head relative to the trunk; input from these receptors reflexl …

atto-
<prefix> Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify one quintillionth (10-18). ... Origin: Danish atten, eighteen ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attollens
Raising up; in anatomy, muscle action that lifts. ... Origin: L. At-tollo, pres. P. -tollens, to lift up ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attollens aurem
Synonym for superior auricular ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, galea aponeurotica; insertion, cartilage of auricle; action draws pinna of ear upward and backward; nerve supply, facial. Considered by some to be the posterior part of the temporoparietal muscle. ... Synonym: musculus auricularis superior, attollens aurem, attollens auriculam, muscul …

attollens oculi
Synonym for superior rectus ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, superior part of common tendinous ring; insertion, superior part of sclera of the eye; action, primary, elevation; secondary, adduction and intorsion; nerve supply, oculomotor. ... Synonym: musculus rectus superior, attollens oculi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attorn
1. To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the alienation of the estate. ... 2. To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted. ... Origin: OF. Atorner, aturner, atourner, to direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. Atornen to return, adorn); a …

attornment
The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his landlord. ... Origin: OF. Attornement, LL. Attornamentum. See Attorn. ... Source: Websters Dictio …

attraction
1. <physics> An invisible power in a body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation. ... Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible distances, and is va …

attraction sphere
Synonym for astrosphere ... A set of radiating microtubules extending outward from the cytocentrum and centrosphere of a dividing cell. ... Synonym: aster, attraction sphere, Lavdovsky's nucleoid, paranuclear body. ... Origin: G. Astron, star, + sphaira, ball ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attrahens
Drawing toward, denoting a muscle (attrahens aurem or auriculam) rudimentary in man, that tends to draw the pinna of the ear forward. ... See: anterior auricular. ... Origin: see attraction ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attributable fraction
<epidemiology> The same as aetiological fraction. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

attributable risk
The rate of a disease or other outcome in exposed individuals that can be attributed to the exposure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

attrition
1. The act of rubbing together; friction; the act of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together; abrasion. 'Effected by attrition of the inward stomach.' (Arbuthnot) ... 2. The state of being worn. ... 3. Grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See Contrition. ... Origin: L. Attritio: cf. F. Attrition. ... S …

atypia
State of being not typical. ... Synonym: atypism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical
Irregular, not conformable to the type, in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. ... Origin: Gr. Typos = type or model ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atypical absence seizure
An absence seizure associated with an EEG pattern of irregular or slow spike and wave at less than 2.5 Hz or paroxysmal fast activity on an abnormally slow background EEG. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical achromatopsia
Incomplete achromatopsia with normal visual acuity and no nystagmus. ... Compare: dyschromatopsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical bacterial forms
Microorganisms that have undergone greater changes than normal in morphology, physiology, or cultural characteristics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atypical cell
Not usual, abnormal. Cancer is the result of atypical cell division. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atypical facial neuralgia
Synonym for atypical trigeminal neuralgia ... Periodic pain in any region of the face, teeth, tongue, and occasionally in the occipital or shoulder area, which lasts several minutes to several days but has no trigger point and lacks the paroxysmal character of tic douloureux. ... Synonym: atypical facial neuralgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical fibroxanthoma
A solitary, often ulcerated, small cutaneous benign tumour composed of foamy histiocytes, spindle cells, and bizarre giant cells; usually found on the exposed skin of older people; microscopically, atypical fibroxanthoma closely resembles malignant fibrous histiocytoma, but originates in the dermis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical gingivitis
Synonym for plasma cell gingivitis ... Intense hyperaemic oedema and inflammation of the gingiva resulting from a hypersensitivity reaction. A dense plasma cell infiltrate is seen in the lamina propria. ... Synonym: atypical gingivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical lipoma
<tumour> Lipoma, occurring primarily in older men on the posterior neck, shoulders, and back, which is benign but microscopically atypical, containing giant cells with multiple overlapping nuclei forming a circle. ... Synonym: pleomorphic lipoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical measles
Sometimes severe, unusual clinical manifestation of natural measles virus infection in persons with waning vaccination immunity, particularly in those who had received formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine; an accelerated allergic reaction apparently resulting from an anamnestic antibody response, characterised by high fever, absence of Koplik's spots, …

atypical melanocytic hyperplasia
Proliferation of melanocytes showing nuclear atypicality, especially as scattered single cells high in the epidermis; interpreted by some pathologists as malignant melanoma in situ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical mycobacteria
Species of mycobacteria other than M. Tuberculosis or M. Bovis that can cause disease in immunocompromised humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical mycobacterial infection
<microbiology> Infection with organisms from the Mycobacterium genus other than tuberculosis. ... Risk factors include immunocompromised patients and those with AIDS. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare is an example which frequently infects AIDS patients. ... Atypical mycobacterial infections can cause abscesses, septic arthritis and osteomyeli …

atypical nevi
<dermatology> Moles whose appearance is different than normal moles. They may be larger and have irregular borders. Their colour may not be uniform and they may be flat or raised above the skin surface. Any mole that appears irregular may be suspect for skin cancer. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atypical pneumonia
<chest medicine> This refers to a type of pneumonia that does not follow the typical signs and symptoms of pneumonia. A number of different viral and bacterial agents have been identified which can cause this form of respiratory infection. ... Examples include Chlamydia pneumonia, psittacosis, Mycoplasma, influenza A or B, adenovirus and Legio …

atypical pseudocholinesterase
A genetic variant of cholinesterase that fails to catalyze the hydrolysis of succinylcholine. ... See: dibucaine number, fluoride number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical trigeminal neuralgia
Periodic pain in any region of the face, teeth, tongue, and occasionally in the occipital or shoulder area, which lasts several minutes to several days but has no trigger point and lacks the paroxysmal character of tic douloureux. ... Synonym: atypical facial neuralgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypical verrucous endocarditis
Synonym for Libman-Sacks endocarditis ... Verrucous endocarditis sometimes associated with disseminated lupus erythematosus. ... Synonym: atypical verrucous endocarditis, Libman-Sacks syndrome, nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atypism
Synonym for atypia ... State of being not typical. ... Synonym: atypism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Au
Symbol for gold (aurum). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Au antigen
Auberger blood group ...

Aub-DuBois table
Table of basal metabolic rates in calories per square meter of body surface per hour or day for different ages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aub, Joseph
<person> U.S. Physician, 1890-1973. ... See: Aub-DuBois table. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aubert, Hermann
<person> German physiologist, 1826-1892. ... See: Aubert's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aubert's phenomenon
A phenomenon in which a bright perpendicular line appears to incline to one side when the observer turns the head to the opposite side in a dark room. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auchmeromyia
A genus of bloodsucking botflies (family Calliphoridae, order Diptera). ... Origin: G. Auchmeros, without rain, hence unwashed, squalid, + myia, a fly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auchmeromyia luteola
The Congo floor maggot; the bloodsucking larva of this botfly species is found in Africa south of the Sahara, usually in or near human habitations; the resistant larvae or maggots crawl to sleeping humans and suck blood for 15 to 20 minutes, detach, and hide, repeating these nightly attacks during their developmental period; no disease transmission …