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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

asian americans
Persons living in the united states having origins in any of the original peoples of the far east, southeast asia, the pacific islands, or the indian subcontinent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Asian influenza
A worldwide influenza, apparently originating in China in the summer of 1957, which produces a milder disease than that of the pandemic of 1917-1919. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Asiatic cholera
Synonym for cholera ... <gastroenterology, microbiology> A form of infectious gastroenteritis (intestinal infection) that results in frequent watery stools, cramping abdominal pain and eventual collapse (from dehydration). ... Epidemic infections are seasonal in most third world countries, particularly Africa. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

Asiatic schistosomiasis
Synonym for schistosomiasis japonica ... Schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the far east and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asiderotic anaemia
Synonym for chlorosis ... Yellowing or bleaching of plant tissues due to the loss of chlorophyll or failure of chlorophyll synthesis. Symptomatic of many plant diseases, also of deficiencies of light or certain nutrients. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

asiphonate
<marine biology> Destitute of a siphon or breathing tube; said of many bivalve shells. ... An asiphonate mollusk. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

asiphonida
<marine biology> A group of bivalve mollusks destitute of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. Priv. + a tube. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

Ask-Upmark
E., 20th century Swedish pathologist. ... See: Ask-Upmark kidney. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ask-upmark kidney
<radiology> Segmental renal hypoplasia, gross findings: same as unifocal reflux nephropathy, (?) due to STERILE intrarenal reflux ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Askanazy
Max, German pathologist, 1865-1940. ... See: Askanazy cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Askanazy cell
<pathology> Abnormal thyroid epithelial cells found in auto immune thyroiditis. The cubical cells line small acini and have eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and often bizarre nuclear morphology. ... Synonym: Hurthle cell, oxyphil cell, oncocyte. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Asn
Symbol for asparagine or its mono-or diradical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ASO titre
<investigation> A special serologic test, known as anti-streptolysin O, that measures the quantity of antibody to a component of streptococcal bacteria. A useful diagnostic test for scarlet fever, rheumatic fever and other streptococcal disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

asocial
Not social; withdrawn from society; indifferent to social rules or customs; e.g., a recluse, a regressed schizophrenic person, a schizoid personality. ... Compare: antisocial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asoma
A foetus with only a rudimentary body. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asp
<botany> Same as Aspen. 'Trembling poplar or asp.' ... <zoology> A small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, especially. To Vipera aspis of southern Europe. See Haje. ... Origin: L. Aspis, fr. Gr., cf. OF. Aspe, F. …

aspalasoma
An obsolete term for a malformed foetus with eventration at the lower part of the abdomen, presenting separate openings for intestine, bladder, and sexual organs. ... Origin: G. Aspalax, a mole + soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asparaginase
<drug, enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyses L asparagine to L aspartate and ammonia that is used as an antitumour agent especially against lymphosarcoma and lymphatic leukaemia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

asparagine
<amino acid> Is a nonessential amino acid that was first isolated from sprouting soybeans. Structurally similar to aspartic acid, with an additional amino group on the main carbon skeleton, Asparaginine assists in the metabolic functioning of brain and nervous system cells. ... When the extra amino group is removed by the brain, the resulting …

asparagine permease
<chemical> Has high homology with the family of basic and aromatic amino acid permeases found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; 497 amino acids, mw 37-54 kD; from salmonella enterica; genbank u04851 ... Synonym: l-asparagine permease, ansp gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

asparagine synthetase
asparagine ligase ...

asparagine-N-glycosyltransferase
<enzyme> Involved in glycoprotein biosynthesis ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

asparaginic acid
Synonym for aspartic acid ... <amino acid> One of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids. Has the following chemical characteristics: pKa1 pKa2 pKa3 pI Water Solubility (30deg C)2.09-3.86 9.82 2.97 0.6 ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

asparaginyl
The aminoacyl radical of asparagine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asparagus
1. <botany> A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order Liliaceae, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. Asparagus racemosus is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers. Specifically: The Asparagus officinalis, a species cultivated in gardens. ... 2. The …

asparmide
Synonym for asparagine ... <amino acid> Is a nonessential amino acid that was first isolated from sprouting soybeans. Structurally similar to aspartic acid, with an additional amino group on the main carbon skeleton, Asparaginine assists in the metabolic functioning of brain and nervous system cells. ... When the extra amino group is removed by …

aspartame
<chemical> Trademark for Asp Phe Methyl Ester, an artificial sweetener. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aspartase
Synonym for aspartate ammonia-lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of aspartic acid to ammonia and fumaric acid in plants and some microorganisms. ... Chemical name: L-Aspartate ammonia-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.3.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartate
<amino acid> A nonessential amino acid that plays a critical part of the enzyme in the liver that transfers nitrogen-containing amino groups, either in building new proteins and amino acids or in breaking down proteins and amino acids for energy and detoxifying the nitrogen in the form of urea. ... Depleted levels of aspartic acid may occur te …

aspartate 1-decarboxylase
Synonym for glutamate decarboxylase ... <enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the alpha-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining gaba levels in normal ne …

aspartate 4-decarboxylase
Aspartate beta-decarboxylase;a carboxy-lyase converting l-aspartate to l-alanine (releasing CO2); it decarboxylates aminomalonate and (in bacteria) removes SO2 from cysteinesulfinate. ... See: desulfinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspartate aminotransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme present in hepatocytes and myocytes that catalyses the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. ... It is raised in conditions that affect the heart and liver such as viral hepatitis and myocardial infarction. Following damage to thes …

aspartate ammonia-lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of aspartic acid to ammonia and fumaric acid in plants and some microorganisms. ... Chemical name: L-Aspartate ammonia-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.3.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartate carbamoyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and l-aspartate to yield orthophosphate and n-carbamoyl-l-aspartate. ... Chemical name: Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.1.3.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartate kinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of beta-aspartyl phosphate from aspartic acid and ATP. Threonine serves as an allosteric regulator of this enzyme to control the biosynthetic pathway from aspartic acid to threonine. ... Chemical name: ATP:L-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.2.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartate N-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Nervous system enzyme that mediates synthesis of n-acetylaspartic acid; utilises acetyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.17 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aspartate transaminase
<enzyme> An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyses the reaction of l-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to yield oxaloacetate and l-glutamate. The enzyme is a pyridoxal phosphate protein. In the liver the reaction transfers excess metabolic nitrogen into aspartate for disposal in the urea cycle. ... Chemical name: L-Aspartate:2-oxoglutarate …

aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase
<enzyme> Forms beta-alanine ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.11 ... Synonym: aspartate 1-decarboxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aspartate-ammonia ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of asparagine from ammonia and aspartic acid, in the presence of ATP. ... Chemical name: L-Aspartate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.3.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartate-tRNA ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that activates aspartic acid with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Aspartate:tRNA-(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.12 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartic acid
<amino acid> One of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids. Has the following chemical characteristics: pKa1 pKa2 pKa3 pI Water Solubility (30deg C)2.09-3.86 9.82 2.97 0.6 ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aspartic proteinases
<enzyme> A sub-subclass of proteolytic enzymes which, because of the involvement of an acidic residue in the catalytic process, hydrolyzes the peptide bonds at a pH optimum below 5. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.23 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspartyl
The aminoacyl radical of aspartic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspartylglucosylaminase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of n(4)-(beta-n-acetyl-d-glucosaminyl)-l-asparagine and water to n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminylamine and l-aspartate. It acts only on asparagine oligosaccharides containing one amino acid, i.e. The asparagine has free alpha-amino and alpha-carboxyl groups. ... Chemical name: N(4)-(beta-N-Acetyl-D- …

aspartylglycosamine
Generic term for compounds of asparagine and a 2-amino sugar; e.g., beta-aspartyl(acetylglucosamine). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspartylglycosaminidase
A hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves off L-aspartate from aspartylglycosamines. A deficiency of aspartylglycosaminidase can result in aspartylglycosaminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspartylglycosaminuria
One of the disorders of glycoprotein catabolism resulting from the absence of aspartylglycosamine amidohydrolase, characterised by aspartylglycosamine in the urine and spinal fluid. Symptoms develop in the first months of life, with recurrent infections and diarrhoea. Mental retardation, coarse facial features, and skeletal abnormalities are eviden …

aspartyllysine peptidase
<enzyme> From human intestinal brush border; stabilised by zn+2 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.13.- ... Synonym: zn-stable aspartyllysine peptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aspect
1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance. 'The basilisk killeth by aspect.' 'His aspect was bent on the ground.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air. 'Serious in aspect.' '[Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head.' (Pope) ... 3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view. 'The aspect of …

aspect ratio
<radiobiology> In toroidal geometry, the ratio of the major diameter (total width of the torus) to the minor diameter (width of a slice taken through one side of the ring). In inertial-confinement fusion, aspect ratio refers to the ratio of a fuel pellet's radius to its wall thickness. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

asperase
<enzyme> Enzymatic substance with proteolytic action ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aspergillic acid
2-Hydroxy-3-isobutyl-6-(1-methylpropyl)pyrazine-1-oxide;produced by Aspergillus flavus; an antibiotic agent moderately active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but toxic to animal tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspergillin
A black pigment obtained from various species of Aspergillus; improperly used to designate various antibiotics obtained from Aspergillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspergilloma
1. An infectious granuloma caused by Aspergillus. ... 2. A variety of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; a ball-like mass of Aspergillis fumigatus colonizing an existing cavity in the lung. ... Origin: aspergillus + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspergillomycosis
Synonym: aspergillosis. ... Origin: aspergillus + G. Mykes, fungus, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspergillosis
<disease> A fungal (Aspergillus) infection in the tissues marked by inflammatory granulomatous lesions. This infection may affect the lungs, ear canal, skin or the mucous membranes of the eye, nose or urethra. May cause pulmonary aspergillosis in individuals with asthma. More common in the immunocompromised individual (AIDS). ... Symptoms of d …

aspergillosis precipitin
<investigation> A test which is used to detect the presence of aspergillus antibodies in the blood. The normal result is read as negative or no antibodies. ... A strong reaction can indicate pulmonary aspergillosis. Some forms of hypersensitivity pneumonia may also yield a weakly positive test result. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Aspergillus
<fungus> A genus of common ascomycete fungi found in soil. Industrially important in production of organic acids and a popular fungus for genetic study (especially. A. Niger). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Aspergillus acid proteinase
<enzyme> Included in the group of microbial carboxyl proteinases EC 3.4.23.6; has been sequenced; genbank d87681 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.23.- ... Synonym: apfap, aspergillus fumigatus acid proteinase, aspergillus niger acid proteinase, aspergillus awamori acid proteinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aspergillus antigen skin test
<investigation> An antigen, prepared from aspergillus, is injected into the skin. In 48 to 72 hours the site is read as positive or negative. A positive skin test (inflammation at the test site) indicates prior exposure to aspergillus and therefore a risk for developing aspergillosis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Aspergillus clavatus
A species isolated from soil and faeces; it yields a carcinogenic mycotoxin known as patulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspergillus flavus
A species of imperfect fungus which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspergillus fumigatus
A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspergillus nidulans
A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic nidulin is obtained. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspergillus niger
A fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspergillus nuclease s1
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses endonucleolytic cleavage to 5-phosphomononucleotides and 5-phosphooligonucleotide end-products. It has a preference for single-stranded substrates but is active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.30.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspergillus ochraceus
A deuteromycetous fungal species that produces ochratoxins and contaminates cereals and coffee beans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aspergillus oryzae
Fungus present on most agricultural seeds and often responsible for the spoilage of seeds in bulk storage; also used in the production of fermented food or drink, especially in japan. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Aspergillus terreus
A species that produces the antibiotic citrinin; it has been isolated from otomycosis, especially in Japan and Taiwan, and occasionally causes aspergillosis in humans and animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspermatogenic
Failing in the production of spermatozoa. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + sperma, seed, + -gen, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspermatogenic sterility
Sterility due to a failure to produce living spermatozoa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspermia
Lack of secretion or expulsion of semen following ejaculation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspersion
A form of hydrotherapy in which water of a given temperature is sprinkled on the body. ... Origin: L. Aspersio, a sprinkling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asperulate
<clinical sign> Slightly rough to the touch. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

asphenc lens
<physics> A lens made aplanatic by grinding the outer zones to a greater radius than the inner zones. Aplanatic condensers can be made in this way. A simple aspheric lens is widely used as a lamp condenser because of its efficiency in converging light rays to one focal plane. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

aspheric
Denoting a paraboloidal surface, especially of a lens or mirror, that eliminates spherical aberration. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + sphaira, sphere ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspheric lens
A lens with a paraboloidal surface that eliminates spherical aberration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphodel
<botany> A general name for a plant of the genus Asphodelus. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. ... The name is also popularly given to species of other genera. The asphodel of the early English and French poets was the daffodil. The asphodel of the Greek poets is …

asphygmia
Temporary absence of pulse. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + sphygmos, pulse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphyxia
<physiology> A condition caused by the inadequate intake of oxygen. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

asphyxia livida
A form of asphyxia neonatorum in which the skin is cyanotic, but the heart is strong and the reflexes are preserved. ... Synonym: blue asphyxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphyxia neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asphyxia pallida
A form of asphyxia of the newborn, in which the skin is pale, the pulse weak and slow, and the reflexes absent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphyxial
Relating to asphyxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphyxiant
<pharmacology> A type of poison which works by depriving tissues of oxygen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

asphyxiate
To induce asphyxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphyxiating
Synonym for asphyxiant ... <pharmacology> A type of poison which works by depriving tissues of oxygen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia
Hereditary hypoplasia of the thorax, associated with pelvic skeletal abnormality. ... Synonym: asphyxiating thoracic chondrodystrophy, Jeune's syndrome, thoracic-pelvic-phalangeal dystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asphyxiation
The production of, or the state of, asphyxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aspiculuris tetraptera
The mouse pinworm, an abundant oxyurid nematode of the mouse caecum or large intestine, along with another common oxyurid pinworm of mice, Syphacia obvelata; it is also found in other rodents, including Rattus. ... Origin: Pers. Espic, fr. L. Spica, ear, spike; tetra-+ pteron, feather, wing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspidin
A toxic active principle, C25H32O8, contained in aspidium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspidinol
An alcohol, C12H16O4, occurring in aspidium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspidium
The rhizomes and stipes of Dryopteris filix-mus (European aspidium or male fern), or of Dryopteris marginalis (American aspidium or marginal fern) (family Polypodiaceae); used in the treatment of tapeworm infestation, usually in the form of the oleoresin or extract, but because of its potential toxicity, its use is restricted to patients who do not …

aspidosamine
A strong base, C22H28N2O2, derived from quebracho; a toxic irritant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspidospermine
An alkaloid, C22H30N2O2, obtained from quebracho, an irritant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspirate
<procedure> The material that is withdrawn with a negative pressure apparatus (syringe). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aspirated
<technique> To withdraw material with a negative pressure apparatus (syringe). Also may refer to the inhalation of foreign material into the lung passageways. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aspirating needle
A hollow needle used for withdrawing fluid from a cavity, when combined with an aspirator tube attached to one end. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aspiration
1. <physiology> The act of inhaling. ... 2. <psychology> Strong desires to accomplish something. This usually pertains to greater values or high ideals. ... Origin: L. Spirare = to breathe ... (27 Jun 1999) ...

aspiration biopsy
Synonym for needle biopsy ... Removal of a sample of tissue from the breast using a wide-core needle with suction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...