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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

aspiration pneumonia
<chest medicine> Refers to the inappropriate passage of food, water, stomach acid, vomit or another foreign material into the lungs. Aspiration, particularly involving gastric acid, will often result in a serious pneumonia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aspirator
<dentistry> A tube like a straw which the dentist puts in your mouth to suck up all the saliva. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

aspire
1. To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; followed by to or after, and rarely by at; as, to aspire to a crown; to aspire after immorality. 'Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell; Aspiring to be angels, men rebel.' (Pope) ... 2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar. 'My own breath still foments the fire, …

aspirin
<drug> Acetyl salicylate. An analgesic, antipyretic and antinflammatory drug. It is a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor and blocks the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

asplenia
Congenital absence of the spleen. ... Functional asplenia, absence of splenic function due to spontaneous infarction of the spleen, as occurs in sickle cell anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asplenia - polysplenia
<radiology> Probably different degrees of the same disorder, asplenia, more severe, Heinz and Howell-Jolly bodies, polysplenia ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asplenia syndrome
<syndrome> Syndrome seen in patients who had no functional spleen, either due to surgical removal of disease (e.g., sickle cell anaemia); includes increased susceptibility to bacterial infection, especially pneumococcal infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asplenic
Having no spleen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asporogenous
Not producing spores. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + sporos, seed, + -gen, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asporous
Incapable of producing spores. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + sporos, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asporulate
Nonsporeforming. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ass
1. <zoology> A quadruped of the genus Equus (E. Asinus), smaller than the horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild asses which are swift-footed. ... 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a …

assail
1. To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; as, to assail a man with blows; to assail a city with artillery. 'No rude noise mine ears assailing.' (Cowper) 'No storm can now assail The charm he wears within.' (Keble) ... 2. To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an obstacle, difficult …

Assam fever
Synonym for visceral leishmaniasis ... A chronic disease, occurring in India, Assam, China, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, South and Central America, Asia, Africa caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus Phlebotom …

assart
1. The act or offense of grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or coverts of a forest. ... 2. A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and fitted for cultivation; a clearing. Assart land, forest land cleared of woods and brush. ... Origin: OF. Essart the grubbing up of trees, fr. Essarter to grub up or clear ground of bush …

assassin bug
An insect of the family Reduviidae (order Hemiptera) that inflicts irritating, painful bites in animals and man; related to the cone-nosed bugs (triatomines), a vector of American trypanosomiasis. ... Origin: Fr., fr. It. Assassino, fr. Ar. Hashshashin, those addicted to hashish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assault
1. A violent onset or attack with physical means, as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an attacking force; onset; as, to make assault upon a man, a house, or a town. 'The Spanish general prepared to renew the assault.' (Prescott) 'Unshaken bears the assault Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest.' (Wordsworth) ... 2. …

assay
<procedure> The determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. ... (10 May 1997) ...

assert
1. To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate. 'Nothing is more shameful . . . Than to assert anything to be done without a cause.' (Ray) ... 2. To maintain; to defend. 'That . . . I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men.' (Milton) 'I will assert it from the …

assertive conditioning
Synonym for assertive training ... A form of behaviour modification or therapy in which a client is taught to feel free to make legitimate demands and refusals in situations which previously elicited diffident responses. ... Synonym: assertive conditioning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assertive training
A form of behaviour modification or therapy in which a client is taught to feel free to make legitimate demands and refusals in situations which previously elicited diffident responses. ... Synonym: assertive conditioning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assertiveness
Strongly insistent, self-assured, and demanding behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

assessment
Appraisal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Assezat, Jules
<person> French anthropologist, 1832-1876. ... See: Assezat's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Assezat's triangle
A triangle formed by lines connecting the nasion with the alveolar and nasal point; used to indicate prognathism in comparative craniology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assident sign
Synonym for accessory sign ... <clinical sign> A finding frequently but not consistently present in a disease. ... Synonym: assident sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assident symptom
Synonym for accessory symptom ... A symptom that usually but not always accompanies a certain disease, as distinguished from a pathognomonic symptom. ... Synonym: assident symptom, concomitant symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assimilable
Capable of undergoing assimilation. ... See: assimilation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assimilate
1. To become similar or like something else. ... 2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body. 'Aliment easily assimilated or turned into blood.' (Arbuthnot) ... 3. To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more r …

assimilation
1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to another. 'To aspire to an assimilation with God.' (Dr. H. More) 'The assimilation of gases and vapors.' (Sir J. Herschel) ... 2. <physiology> The conversion of nutriment into t …

assimilation pelvis
A deformity in which the transverse processes of the last lumbar vertebra are fused with the sacrum, or the last sacral with the first coccygeal body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assimulation
Synonym for assimilation ... 1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to another. 'To aspire to an assimilation with God.' (Dr. H. More) 'The assimilation of gases and vapors.' (Sir J. Herschel) ... 2. <physiology> The co …

assist
To give support or aid, to be present as a spectator. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

assist-control ventilation
Artificial respiration in which inspiration is produced automatically after a set interval if the person has not already begun to inspire. ... Compare: assisted ventilation, controlled ventilation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assisted cephalic delivery
Extraction of a foetus that presents by the head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assisted circulation
Pumping that aids the natural activity of the heart. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

assisted mechanical ventilation
<anaesthetics> The use of a mechanical device to fill the lungs with oxygenated air then allow time for passive exhalation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

assisted reproductive technology
Originally, a range of techniques for manipulating eggs and sperm in order to overcome infertility. Encompasses drug treatments to stimulate ovulation; surgical methods for removing eggs (e.g., laparoscopy and ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration) and for reimplanting embryos (e.g., zygot intrafallopian transfer (or ZIFT); in vitro and in vivo …

assisted respiration
Synonym for assisted ventilation ... Application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway during inhalation as a means of augmenting movement of gases into the lungs. ... Synonym: assisted respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assisted ventilation
Application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway during inhalation as a means of augmenting movement of gases into the lungs. ... Synonym: assisted respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assistive device
Any device that is designed, made, or adapted to assist a person perform a particular task. For examples, canes, crutches, walkers, wheel chairs, and shower chairs are all assistive devices. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

assistive movement
In massage, a movement which the partially paralysed muscle of the patient would be unable to perform unaided but which is effected with the graduated assistance of the operator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Assmann, Herbert
<person> German internist, 1882-1950. ... See: Assmann's tuberculous infiltrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Assmann's tuberculous infiltrate
Synonym for infraclavicular infiltrate ... An incipient lesion of tuberculous infection. ... Synonym: Assmann's tuberculous infiltrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

associable
1. Capable of being associated or joined. 'We know feelings to be associable only by the proved ability of one to revive another.' (H. Spencer) ... 2. Sociable; companionable. ... 3. <medicine> Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc. 'The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the ani …

associate
1. Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; as, an associate judge. 'While I descend . . . To my associate powers.' (Milton) ... 2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; as, an associate member. ... 3. <physiology> Connected by habit or s …

associated antagonist
One of two muscles or groups of muscles which pull in nearly opposite directions, but which, when acting together, move the part in a path between their diverging lines of action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

associated macrophage
A mature macrophage in an active metabolic state that is cytotoxic to tumour/target cells, usually following exposure to certain cytokines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

associated movements
Normal involuntary limp movements that accompany voluntary movement, e.g., arm swing with walking. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association
1. <neurology> Correlation involving a high degree of modifiability and also consciousness. ... 2. <genetics> The occurrence together of two or more phenotypic characteristics more often than would be expected by change. To be distinguished from linkage. ... 3. In dysmorphology, the nonrandom occurrence in two or more individuals of multi …

association areas
Synonym for association cortex ... Generic term denoting the large expanses of the cerebral cortex that are not sensory or motor in the customary sense, but are involved in advanced stages of sensory information processing, multisensory integration, or sensorimotor integration. ... See: cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: association areas. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

association constant
<chemistry> Reciprocal of dissociation constant. A measure of the extent of a reversible association between two molecular species at equilibrium. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

association cortex
Generic term denoting the large expanses of the cerebral cortex that are not sensory or motor in the customary sense, but are involved in advanced stages of sensory information processing, multisensory integration, or sensorimotor integration. ... See: cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: association areas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association fibres
Nerve fibre's interconnecting subdivisions of the cerebral cortex of the same hemisphere or different segments of the spinal cord on the same side. ... Synonym: endogenous fibres, intrinsic fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association learning
The principle that items experienced together enter into a connection, so that one tends to reinstate the other. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

association mechanism
The cerebral mechanism whereby the memory of past sensations may be compared or associated with present ones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association neurosis
A neurosis in which association of ideas causes mental repetition of an experience. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association system
Groups or tracts of nerve fibres interconnecting different regions of one and the same major subdivision of the central nervous system, such as the various areas of the cerebral cortex or the various segments of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association test
A word (stimulus word) is spoken to the subject, who is to reply immediately with another word (reaction word) suggested by the first; used as a diagnostic aid in psychiatry and psychology, clues being given by the length of time (association time) between the stimulus and reaction words, and also by the nature of the reaction words. ... (05 Mar 200 …

association time
Time elasping between a stimulus and the verbalised response to it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

association tract
See: association system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

associationism
In psychology, the theory that man's understanding of the world occurs through ideas associated with sensory experience rather than through innate ideas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

associative aphasia
Synonym for conduction aphasia ... A form of aphasia in which the patient understands spoken and written words, is aware of his deficit, and can speak and write, but skips or repeats words, or substitutes one word for another (paraphasia);word repetition is severely impaired. The responsible lesion is in the associate tracks connecting the various l …

associative reaction
A secondary or side reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

associative strength
In psychology, the strength of a stimulus response linkage as measured by the frequency with which a stimulus elicits a particular response. ... See: conditioning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assortative mating
Selection of a mate with preference for (or aversion to) a particular genotype, i.e., nonrandom mating. ... Synonym: nonrandom mating. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assortment
In genetics, the relationship between nonallelic genetic traits that are transmitted from parent to child more or less independently in accordance with the degree of linkage between the respective loci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

assumption
1. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting. 'The assumption of authority.' (Whewell) ... 2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim. 'This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable assumption that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the re …

assurance
1. The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full confidence; that which is designed to give confidence. 'Whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.' (Acts xvii. 31) 'Assurances of support came pouring in daily.' (Macaulay) ... 2. The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or …

assure
1. To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. 'His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . . Assures me that the bitterness of death Is past, and we shall live.' (Milton) ... 2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence. 'I dare assure thee …

AST
Synonym for aspartate aminotransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme present in hepatocytes and myocytes that catalyses the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. ... It is raised in conditions that affect the heart and liver such as viral hepatitis and myoca …

astacins
<enzyme> Astacin, a zinc endopeptidase from crayfish (Astacus), is the prototype for the astacin family of metallo endopeptidases. ... Family includes BMP1, Meprin A, Stromelysin 1 and thermolysin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

astarte
<marine biology> A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe. ... Origin: Gr. A Phoenician goddess. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

astasia
Inability, through muscular incoordination, to stand. ... Origin: G. Unsteadiness, from a-priv. + stasis, standing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

astasia-abasia
The inability to either stand or walk in a normal manner; the gait is bizarre and is not suggestive of a specific organic lesion; often the patient sways wildly and nearly falls, but recovers at the last moment; a symptom of hysteria-conversion reaction. ... Synonym: Blocq's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

astatic
<physics> Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when rendered astatic, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction. ... <physics> Astatic pair, a pair of magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as in some galvanometers. …

astatine
<chemical> Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol at, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. ... Chemical name: Astatine ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asteatodes
Synonym for asteatosis ... Diminished or arrested secretion of the sebaceous glands. ... Synonym: asteatodes. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + stear (steat-), fat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asteatosis
Diminished or arrested secretion of the sebaceous glands. ... Synonym: asteatodes. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + stear (steat-), fat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asteatosis cutis
Dry, scaly integument with decrease in sebaceous secretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

astemizole
<drug> This is a non-sedating drug used to treat allergies, its a histamine H1-receptor antagonist. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aster
<cell biology> Star shaped cluster of microtubules radiating from the polar microtubule organising centre at the start of mitosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

asteraceae
The single, large family of flowering plants in the order asterales. The family is also known as compositae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

astereognosis
Synonym: tactile agnosia. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + stereos, solid + gnosis, knowledge ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asteriosaponins
asteriosaponins ...

asteriotoxins
Toxic steroids produced by starfish (Asteroidea). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asterism
1. <astronomy> A constellation. A small cluster of stars. ... 2. An asterisk, or mark of reference. Three asterisks placed in this manner, <asterism/, to direct attention to a particular passage. ... 3. <chemistry> An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a star-shaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted l …

asterixis
<clinical sign, neurology> Abnormal muscle tremor consisting of involuntary jerking of the hands. May be seen in liver disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

asternia
Congenital absence of the sternum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Asterococcus
Synonym: Mycoplasma. ... Origin: Mod. L. Fr. G. Aster, a star, + kokkos, a berry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asteroid
Resembling a star. ... Origin: G. Aster, star, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asteroid body
An eosinophilic inclusion resembling a star with delicate radiating lines, occurring in a vacuolated area of cytoplasm of a multinucleated giant cell; especially frequent in sarcoidosis, but occurs also in other granulomas, a structure that is characteristic of sporotrichosis when found in the skin or secondary lesions of this mycosis; in tissue, i …

asteroid hyalosis
Numerous small spherical bodies ('snowball' opacities) in the corpus vitreum, visible ophthalmoscopically; an age change, usually unilateral, and not affecting vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asthenia
<neurology> The lack or loss of strength and energy, weakness. ... Origin: Gr. Asthenes = without strength ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

asthenic personality
A personality type characterised by low energy level, easy fatigability, incapacity for enjoyment, lack of enthusiasm, and oversensitivity to physical and emotional stress. When appearing in marked form it becomes a psychological disorder (asthenic personality disorder), also called dependent personality. ... Synonym: asthenic personality disorder, …

asthenic personality disorder
Synonym for asthenic personality ... A personality type characterised by low energy level, easy fatigability, incapacity for enjoyment, lack of enthusiasm, and oversensitivity to physical and emotional stress. When appearing in marked form it becomes a psychological disorder (asthenic personality disorder), also called dependent personality. ... Syno …

asthenopia
Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asthenopic
Relating to or suffering from asthenopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asthenospermia
Loss or reduction of motility of the spermatozoa, frequently associated with infertility. ... Origin: G. Astheneia, weakness, + sperma, seed, semen ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asthma
<chest medicine> A disease process that is characterised by paradoxical narrowing of the bronchi (lung passageways) making breathing difficult. ... Treatment includes bronchodilators which are given orally or delivered as an aerosol (inhaled). Corticosteroids are reserved for more difficult cases. ... Symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breat …