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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

atrial bigeminy
Pairing of atrial beats, as when an atrial extrasystole is coupled to each sinus beat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial branches
The atrial branches, the branches of the right coronary artery and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery distributed to the right and left atrium, respectively. ... Synonym: rami atriales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial capture beat
The cardiac cycle resulting when, after a period of A-V dissociation, the atria regain control of the ventricles; atrial depolarisation due to retrograde transmission from a ventricular ectopic beat or an electronically paced ventricular impulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial chaotic tachycardia
Multifocal origin of tachycardia within the atrium; often confused with atrial fibrillation during physical examination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial complex
P wave in the electrocardiogram. ... Synonym: auricular complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial diastole
Period of relaxation and repolarization of the atrial muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase
<enzyme> Removes c-terminal phe-arg from atriopeptin II to give atriopeptin i; metalloenzyme with mw 240,000; also has tripeptidyl carboxyhydrolase activity; removes phe-arg-tyr from atriopeptin III to form atriopeptin i ... Registry number: EC 3.4.15.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

atrial dissociation
Mutually independent beating of the two atria or of parts of the atria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial echo
Electrical reactivation of the atrium by a retrograde impulse returning from the A-V node while the antegrade impulse continues to the ventricle; characterised electrocardiographically, by a pair of P waves enclosing a QRS complex, the second P wave being inverted, indicating that it is the reverse (the retrograde pathway) of the pathway of the fir …

atrial extrasystole
A premature contraction of the heart arising from an ectopic atrial focus. ... Synonym: auricular extrasystole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial fibrillation
<cardiology> A condition where there is disorganised electrical conduction in the atria, resulting in ineffective pumping of blood into the ventricle. ... Acronym: AF ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

atrial flutter
<cardiology> A rapid well organised contraction of the atrium at a rate of 250-350 contractions per minute. ... Ventricular response rates are usually some multiple of 300. ECG shows sawtooth waves. Atrial flutter is considered a serious and potentially unstable rhythm. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

atrial function
The haemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the atria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atrial function, left
The haemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left atrium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atrial function, right
The haemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the right atrium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atrial fusion beat
A beat that occurs when the atria are activated in part by the sinus impulse and in part by an ectopic or retrograde impulse from A-V junction or ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial gallop
Synonym for presystolic gallop ... Gallop rhythm in which the gallop sound follows atrial systole in late diastole and is an audible fourth heart sound due to forceful ventricular filling. ... Synonym: atrial gallop. ... Protodiastolic gallop, gallop rhythm in which the gallop sound occurs in early diastole and is an abnormal third heart sound. ... (05 …

atrial granule serine proteinase
<enzyme> Converts pro-atrial natriuretic factor to anf by cleaving the arg98-ser99 bond; n-terminal 26-residue amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

atrial natriuretic factor
<chemical> A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight peptides derived from a common precursor and secreted by the heart atria. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 amino acids. ... Chemical name: Atriopeptin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atrial natriuretic peptide
<hormone> This cardiac hormone (28 amino acid residues) regulates salt and water balance in body fluids and blood pressure, it has potential as a medication to treat heart and kidney failure and the buildup of excess fluid in tissue. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atrial premature complexes
Premature contractions of the heart arising from an ectopic atrial focus. With ventricular premature complexes, they represent one of the most common causes of irregular pulse. They are more apt to occur if there is atrial or conduction system disease such as left atrial enlargement in mitral stenosis. In community prospective studies, atrial prema …

atrial premature contraction
<cardiology> An premature heartbeat of atrial origin. Generally nonserious and typically exacerbated by stimulant use (for example alcohol, decongestants, caffeine, nicotine). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

atrial septal defect
<cardiology> An inherited condition where there is nonclosure of the foramen ovale at birth, resulting in congenital heart disease. Usually asymptomatic until the third or fourth decades of life. ... Symptoms include exertional shortness of breath, fatigue and palpitations. ... Acronym: ASD ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

atrial septum
The wall between the two upper chambers (the right and left atrium) of the heart. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atrial synchronous pulse generator
A ventricular stimulating pulse whose rate of discharge is directly determined by the atrial rate. ... Synonym: atrial triggered pulse generator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial systole
Contraction of the atria. ... Synonym: auricular systole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial tachycardia
Paroxysmal tachycardia originating in an ectopic focus in the atrium. ... Synonym: auricular tachycardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial transport function
The role of the atria in filling and stretching the ventricles by their presystolic contraction, without which the force of ventricular contraction and hence the cardiac output may significantly decrease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial triggered pulse generator
Synonym for atrial synchronous pulse generator ... A ventricular stimulating pulse whose rate of discharge is directly determined by the atrial rate. ... Synonym: atrial triggered pulse generator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial ventricular canal defect
A defect caused by deficient or absent septal tissue immediately above and below the normal level of the atrioventricular valves, including the region normally occupied by the A-V septum in hearts with two ventricles. The A-V valves are abnormal to a varying degree. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial-well technique
An obsolete semi-closed surgical technique for repairing atrial septal defects and other cardiac abnormalities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrichia
Absence of hair, congenital or acquired. ... Synonym: atrichosis. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + thrix (trich-), hair ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrichosis
Synonym for atrichia ... Absence of hair, congenital or acquired. ... Synonym: atrichosis. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + thrix (trich-), hair ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrichous
Without hair. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrio-
The atrium; atrial. ... Origin: L. Atrium, an entrance hall ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioactivase
<enzyme> Selectively cleaves the arg(98)-ser(99) peptide bond in pro-atrial natriuretic factor during or just after the process of secretion from the heart atrium ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

atriocarotid interval
An obsolete term for the time between the beginning of the atrial and that of the carotid waves in a tracing of the jugular pulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atriomegaly
Enlargement of the atrium. ... Origin: atrio-+ G. Megas, great ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrionector
Synonym: sinuatrial node. ... Origin: atrio-+ L. Necto, to join ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atriopeptin
Synonym: atrial natriuretic peptide. ... Origin: atrio-+ peptide + suffix -in, material ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioseptoplasty
Surgical repair of an atrial septal defect. ... Origin: atrio-+ L. Septum, partition, + G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioseptostomy
<procedure> Establishment of a communication between the two atria of the heart. ... Origin: atrio-+ L. Septum, partition, + G. Stoma, mouth ... Balloon atrioseptostomy, tearing or enlarging the foramen ovale by pulling a balloon-bearing catheter across the atrial septum for the purpose of augmenting interatrial mixing of blood in the treatment …

atriosystolic murmur
Synonym for presystolic murmur ... A murmur heard at the end of ventricular diastole (during atrial systole if in sinus rhythm), usually due to obstruction at one of the atrioventricular orifices. ... Synonym: atriosystolic murmur, late diastolic murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atriotomy
<procedure> Surgical opening of an atrium. ... Origin: atrio-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular
<anatomy, cardiology> Pertaining to an atrium of the heart and to a ventricle. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atrioventricular band
Synonym for atrioventricular bundle ... The bundle of modified cardiac muscle fibres that begins at the atrioventricular node as the trunk of the atrioventricular bundle and passes through the right atrioventricular fibrous ring to the membranous part of the interventricular septum where the trunk divides into two branches, the right crus of the atr …

atrioventricular block
<cardiology> A conduction disturbance that results in the inappropriate delay (or complete inability) of a electrical impulse, generated in the atria, to reach the ventricles (via the atrioventricular node). ... Clinical types are divided into first (nonserious), second and third degree (most serious). ... Some drugs may precipitate atrioventri …

atrioventricular bundle
The bundle of modified cardiac muscle fibres that begins at the atrioventricular node as the trunk of the atrioventricular bundle and passes through the right atrioventricular fibrous ring to the membranous part of the interventricular septum where the trunk divides into two branches, the right crus of the atrioventricular bundle and the left crus …

atrioventricular canal
The canal in the embryonic heart leading from the common sinuatrial chamber to the ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular canal cushions
A pair of mounds of embryonic connective tissue covered by endothelium, bulging into the embryonic atrioventricular canal; located one dorsally and one ventrally, they grow together and fuse with each other and with the lower edge of the septum primum, dividing the originally single canal into right and left atrioventricular orifices. ... Synonym: e …

atrioventricular conduction
Forward conduction of the cardiac impulse from atria to ventricles via the A-V node or any bypass tract, represented in the electrocardiogram by the P-R interval. P-H conduction time is from the onset of the P wave to the first high frequency component of the His bundle electrogram (normally 119 &plusmn; 38 msec); A-H conduction time is from th …

atrioventricular connections
The five distinct and discrete ways in which the atrial chambers may be connected to the ventricles are concordant, discordant, ambiguous, double inlet, and univentricular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular dissociation
Any situation in which atria and ventricles are activated and contract independently, as in complete A-V block, more specifically, the dissociation between atria and ventricles that results from slowing of the atrial pacemaker or acceleration of the ventricular pacemaker at nearly equal (rarely equal) rates, each depolarising its own chamber, thus …

atrioventricular extrasystole
An extrasystole arising from the 'junctional' tissues, either the A-V node or A-V bundle. ... Synonym: junctional extrasystole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular gradient
The diastolic pressure difference between the atrium and ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular groove
Synonym for coronary groove ... A groove on the outer surface of the heart marking the division between the atria and the ventricles. ... Synonym: sulcus coronarius, atrioventricular groove, atrioventricular sulcus, auriculoventricular groove, coronary sulcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular interval
Synonym for auriculoventricular interval ... The time between depolarisation of the atria and of the ventricle. ... Synonym: atrioventricular interval. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular junctional rhythm
The cardiac rhythm when the heart is controlled by the A-V junction (including node); arising in the A-V junction, the impulse ascends to the atria and descends to the ventricles, each at varying speeds depending on site of the pacemaker. ... Synonym: A-V junctional rhythm, nodal bradycardia, nodal rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular nodal branch
Synonym for artery to atrioventricular node ... The atrioventricular branches or the nodal branches, the small arteries supplying the atrioventricular node; they usually arise from the right coronary artery where it starts to descend the posterior interventricular sulcus. ... Synonym: ramus nodi atrioventricularis, atrioventricular nodal branch, bran …

atrioventricular nodal extrasystole
A premature beat arising from the A-V junction and leading to a simultaneous or almost simultaneous contraction of atria and ventricles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular node
<cardiology> The location in the heart's conduction system, between the atria and the ventricles, which conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

atrioventricular septum
The small part of the membranous septum of the heart just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve that separates the right atrium from the left ventricle. ... Synonym: septum atrioventriculare, pars membranacea septi atriorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular sulcus
Synonym for coronary groove ... A groove on the outer surface of the heart marking the division between the atria and the ventricles. ... Synonym: sulcus coronarius, atrioventricular groove, atrioventricular sulcus, auriculoventricular groove, coronary sulcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrioventricular valves
See: tricuspid valve, mitral valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atriplicism
An intoxication caused by the ingestion of certain species of Atriplex, eaten as greens in China; it is marked by pain and swelling of the fingers, spreading to the forearm; bullae and ulcers form, and the fingers may become gangrenous. ... Origin: L. Atriplex (-plic-), the orach, a vegetable ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrium
<anatomy> A chamber, used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ. Usually used alone to designate an atrium of the heart. ... Origin: L., Gr. Atrion = hall ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atrium cordis
Synonym for atrium of heart ... The upper chamber of each half of the heart. ... Synonym: atrium cordis, atrium. ... Left atrium of heart, atrium of the left side of the heart which receives the blood from the pulmonary veins. ... Synonym: atrium sinistrum cordis, atrium pulmonale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrium dextrum cordis
Synonym for right atrium of heart ... Right atrium, the atrium of the right side of the heart which receives the blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus. ... Synonym: atrium dextrum cordis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrium glottidis
Synonym for vestibule of larynx ... The upper part of the laryngeal cavity from the superior aperture to the vestibular folds, bounded anteriorly by the epiglottis, laterally by themucosa overlying the quadrangular membranes and posteriorly by the mucosa overlying the arytenoid cartilages and arytenoideus muscle. ... Synonym: vestibulum laryngis, atr …

atrium meatus medii
Synonym for nasal atrium ... The anterior expanded portion of the middle meatus of the nose, just above the vestibule. ... Synonym: atrium meatus medii, atrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrium of heart
The upper chamber of each half of the heart. ... Synonym: atrium cordis, atrium. ... Left atrium of heart, atrium of the left side of the heart which receives the blood from the pulmonary veins. ... Synonym: atrium sinistrum cordis, atrium pulmonale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrium pulmonale
left atrium of heart ...

atrium sinistrum cordis
left atrium of heart ...

Atropa
A genus of plants (family Solanaceae) of which Atropa belladonna is typical. ... See: belladonna. ... Origin: G. Atropos, one of the Fates cutting the thread of life, because of the lethal effects of the plant ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophedema
Synonym for angioedema ... A vascular reaction involving the deep dermis or subcutaneous or submucal tissues, representing localised oedema caused by dilatation and increased permeability of the capillaries and characterised by development of giant wheals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

atrophia
Synonym: atrophy. ... Origin: G. Fr. A-priv. + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophia cutis
Synonym for atrophoderma ... Atrophy of the skin that may occur either in discrete localised areas or in widespread areas. ... See: anetoderma. ... Synonym: atrophia cutis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophia pilorum propria
A general term that includes fragilitas crinium, trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, and atrophy of the hair. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic arthritis
An obsolete term for arthritis without new bone formation, now usually called rheumatoid arthritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic excavation
An exaggeration of the normal or physiologic cupping of the optic disk caused by atrophy of the optic nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic gastritis
Chronic gastritis with atrophy of the mucous membrane and destruction of the peptic glands, sometimes associated with pernicious anaemia or gastric carcinoma; also applied to gastric atrophy without inflammatory changes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic glossitis
An erythematous, edematous, and painful tongue which appears smooth due to loss of the filiform and sometimes the fungiform papillae secondary to certain nutritional deficiencies, especially B-vitamin deficencies, as seen in pellagra, thiamin deficiency, and disorders such as pernicious anaemia (Hunter's or Moeller's glossitis). ... Synonym: bald to …

atrophic heterochromia
Heterochromia iridis after trauma or inflammation, or in old age. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic inflammation
A form of chronic inflammation or repeated episodes of acute inflammation in which the continued or recurrent proliferation of fibroblasts results in the formation of fibrous tissue that eventually contracts and leads to compression and atrophy of parenchymal tissue. ... Synonym: fibroid inflammation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic kidney
A kidney that is diminished in size because of inadequate circulation and/or loss of nephrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis accompanied by a varying degree of atrophy of the mucous glands and absence of their secretion. ... Synonym: pharyngitis sicca. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic rhinitis
Chronic rhinitis with thinning of the mucous membrane; often associated with crusts and foul-smelling discharge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic rhinitis of swine
A disease manifested by atrophy, shrinkage, and often almost complete disappearance of the turbinate bones, accompanied by distortion of the facial bones, sneezing, and stunting of the growth of young animals; caused principally by the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic thrombosis
Thrombosis due to feebleness of the circulation, as in marasmus. ... Synonym: marantic thrombosis, marasmic thrombosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophic vaginitis
<gynaecology> Inflammation of the vaginal mucosa secondary to thinning and decreased lubrication of the vaginal walls. This condition is typically caused by a decrease in oestrogen, as occurs after menopause. ... Common symptoms include vaginal soreness, vaginal itching, pain with intercourse and possible bleeding after intercourse. ... Treatme …

atrophie blanche
Small smooth ivory-white areas with hyperpigmented borders and telangiectasis, developing into atrophic stellate scars; seen especially on the legs and ankles of middle-aged women, and associated with livedo reticularis and dermal hyalinizing vasculitis. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma
Atrophy of the skin that may occur either in discrete localised areas or in widespread areas. ... See: anetoderma. ... Synonym: atrophia cutis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma albidum
Stocking-like type of atrophy affecting the extremities, probably congenital; first noted in early childhood on the lower limbs as a symmetric thinning that renders the parts sensitive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma biotripticum
An obsolete term for senile cutaneous atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma diffusum
Diffuse idiopathic cutaneous atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma maculatum
Synonym for anetoderma ... Atrophoderma in which the skin becomes bag like and wrinkled. ... Synonym: atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis, atrophoderma maculatum, macular atrophy, primary idiopathic macular atrophy, primary macular atrophy of skin. ... Origin: G. Anetos, relaxed, + derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma neuriticum
Synonym for glossy skin ... Shiny atrophy of the skin, usually of the hands, following nerve injury. ... Synonym: atrophoderma neuriticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
A form of slate-coloured atrophy of the skin occurring in discrete, 2-cm or larger lesions, either singly or multiply, and occasionally confluent, increasing in number and size over a period of years and then remaining constant; thought by some to be of two types: one preceded by morphea, and the other appearing with no preceding identifiable patho …

atrophoderma striatum
Synonym for striae cutis distensae ... Bands of thin wrinkled skin, initially red but becoming purple and white, which occur commonly on the abdomen, buttocks, and thighs at puberty and/or during and following pregnancy, and result from atrophy of the dermis and overextension of the skin; also associated with ascites and Cushing's syndrome. ... Synon …

atrophoderma vermiculatum
Synonym for folliculitis ulerythematosa reticulata ... Erythematous 'ice-pick' or pitted scars on the cheeks; a scarring type of folliculitis, associated with keratosis pilaris and commonly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. ... Synonym: atrophoderma vermiculatum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...