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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

atm
Symbol for standard atmosphere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atmo
1. <prefix> Prefix denoting steam or vapor; or derived by action of steam or vapor. ... 2. <physics> The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which the barometer stands at 760 millimetres, at a temperature of 0 deg Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in …

atmology
<physics, study> That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of aqueous vapor. ... Origin: Gr. Vapor. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

atmometer
<instrument> An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation. ... Origin: atmo-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atmos
An obsolete abbreviation A unit of pressure; replaced by atm. ... Origin: abbreviation of atmosphere ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atmosphere
1. <ecology> The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth and other planets. ... 2. <physics> A unit of pressure which equals 101.325 kPa. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atmosphere absolute
<physics> A unit of absolute pressure (also known as barometric pressure) expressed in atm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atmospheric
Synonym for atmospherical ... 1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth. ... 2. Existing in the atmosphere. 'The lower atmospheric current.' (Darwin) ... 3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine …

atmospheric pressure
The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atmospherical
1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth. ... 2. Existing in the atmosphere. 'The lower atmospheric current.' (Darwin) ... 3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine. ... 4. Dependent on the atmo …

atmospherization
Conversion of venous into arterial blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Atmungsferment
1. A system of cytochromes and their oxidases that participate in respiratory processes. ... 2. Often, specifically, cytochrome oxidase. ... Synonym: Warburg's respiratory enzyme. ... Origin: Ger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ATN
Synonym for acute tubular necrosis ... <nephrology> A kidney disorder that results in damage to the renal tubule cells leading to acute renal failure. Acute tubular necrosis can result from any condition which deprives the kidney of oxygen (ischaemia). ... Acute tubular necrosis may occur as a complication of shock, trauma or sepsis. Conditions …

atom
<chemistry, physics, radiobiology> A particle of matter indivisible by chemical means. It is the fundamental building block of the chemical elements. ... The elements, such as iron, lead and sulphur, differ from each other because they contain different kinds of atoms. There are about six sextillion (6 followed by 21 zeros or 6 x 1021) atoms i …

atomic
Synonym for atomical ... 1. Of or pertaining to atoms. ... 2. Extremely minute; tiny. Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward impr …

atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Determination of concentration by the ability of atoms to absorb radiant energy of specific wavelengths. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atomic bomb
<physics, radiobiology> A weapon with a large explosive power due to the sudden release of energy when the nuclei of heavy atoms such as plutonium-239 or uranium-235 are split. ... This fission is brought about by the bombardment of the fuel with neutrons, setting off a chain reaction. The bomb releases shock, blast, heat, light, and lethal ra …

atomic core
The nucleus plus the nonvalence electrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atomic heat
The amount of heat required to raise an atom from 0° to 1°C; approximately the same for all elements (about 6 Cal/gram-atom). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atomic mass
<chemistry, physics> The mass of an atom relative to other atoms. ... The present-day basis of the scale of atomic weights is carbon, the most common isotope of this element has arbitrarily been assigned an atomic weight of 12. ... The unit of the scale is 1/12 the weight of the carbon atom or roughly the mass of one proton or one neutron. The …

atomic mass unit
<chemistry> One-twelfth the mass of a neutral atom of the most abundant isotope of carbon. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atomic number
<chemistry> Symbol Z. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and also its characteristic atomic number. The atomic numbers of the known elements form a complete series from 1 (hydrogen) to 103 (lawrencium). ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atomic theory
That chemical compounds are formed by the union of atoms in certain definite proportions; in its modern form, first advanced in 1803 by John Dalton. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atomic volume
The atomic weight of an element divided by its density in the solid state; the volume of the gram-atomic weight of a solid element. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atomic weight
<chemistry> The average weight of an atom of an element, i.e. The total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atomical
1. Of or pertaining to atoms. ... 2. Extremely minute; tiny. Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and he …

atomiser
A device used to reduce liquid medication to fine particles in the form of a spray or aerosol; useful in delivering medication to the nose and throat. ... See: nebuliser, vaporiser. ... Origin: G. Atomos, indivisible particle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atomistic psychology
Any psychologic system based on the doctrine that mental processes are built up through the combination of simple elements; e.g., psychoanalysis, behaviourism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonement
1. (Literally, a setting at one) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord. 'By whom we have now received the atonement.' (Rom. V. 11) 'He desires to make atonement Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers.' (Shak) ... 2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of sufferi …

atonia
Synonym: atony. ... Origin: G. Languor ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonic
1. <medicine> Characterised by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease. ... 2. Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable. ... 3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd. ... Origin: Cf. F. Atonique. See Atony. ... 1. A word that has no accent. ... 2. An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone; a nonvocal o …

atonic bladder
A large, dilated, and nonemptying bladder; usually due to disturbance of innervation or to chronic obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonic dyspepsia
Dyspepsia with impaired tone in the muscular walls of the stomach. ... Synonym: functional dyspepsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonic ectropion
Ectropion of the lower eyelid following paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle. ... Synonym: flaccid ectropion, paralytic ectropion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonic entropion
Entropion that follows loss of tone of the orbicularis oculi muscle or elasticity of the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonic seizure
Seizure characterised by sudden loss of muscle tone. ... Synonym: akinetic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonic ulcer
An ulcer that shows little or no tendency to heal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atonicity
Synonym for atony ... <neurology> A lack of normal tone or strength. ... Origin: L. Atonia, Gr. Tonos = tension ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atony
<neurology> A lack of normal tone or strength. ... Origin: L. Atonia, Gr. Tonos = tension ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atopen
The excitant causing any form of atopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atopic
<dermatology> Pertaining to an atopen or to atopy, allergic. ... Origin: Gr. Topos = place ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atopic allergy
Synonym for atopy ... <immunology> An allergic reaction with strong family tendencies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atopic asthma
Bronchial asthma due to atopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atopic cataract
A cataract associated with atopic dermatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atopic dermatitis
<dermatology> A type of immune-mediated (allergic) inflammatory skin disorder that results in a itchy rash. ... See: atopic eczema. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

atopic eczema
<dermatology> An inflammatory condition of the skin that includes redness, itching and oosing vesicular lesions which become scaly, crusted or hardened. ... Causes include hypersensitivity to chemicals, metals (nickel) or plants (for example Poison Ivy) or chronic irritation detergents or soaps. Anxiety, stress and depression may all play a ro …

atopic keratoconjunctivitis
A chronic papillary inflammation, of the conjunctiva showing Trantas dots in a patient with a history of hypersensitivity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atopic reagin
Synonym for Prausnitz-Kustner antibody ... One of the IgE class of antibody's first demonstrated by Prausnitz and Kustner by passive transfer to the skin. ... See: homocytotropic antibody. ... Synonym: atopic reagin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atopognosia
Atopognosis ... Sensory inattention; inability to locate a sensation properly. Usually caused by a contralateral parietal lobe lesion. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + topos, place, + gnosis, knowledge ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atopy
<immunology> An allergic reaction with strong family tendencies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atovaquone
<drug> A medication for mild to moderate cases of PCP as well as for salvage treatment of toxoplasmosis. A new, more absorbable liquid formulation has entered the market. Atovaquone should be used with caution along with rifampin and fluconazole since these drugs can lower atovaquone blood levels. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atoxic
<pharmacology> Not poisonous, not due to a poison. ... Origin: Gr. Toxikon = poison ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

ATP
Synonym for adenosine triphosphate ... <biochemistry> A nucleotide present in all living cells which serves as an energy source for many metabolic processes and is required for ribonucleic acid synthesis. ... (06 May 1997) ...

ATP citrate (pro-3S)-lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP and CoA, catalyses the cleavage of citrate to yield acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, ADP, and orthophosphate. This reaction represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. ... Chemical name: ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-S)-CH2COO(-)--acetyl-CoA) (ATP-dephosphorylating) ... Registry numbe …

ATP citrate lyase
ATP citrate (pro-3S)-lyase ...

ATP cobalamin adenoxyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of ATP, water, and cobalamin to form orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and adenoxylcobalamin. Adenosylcobalamin is required by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. A deficiency of ATP cobalamin adenosyltransferase will lead to methylmalonic acidemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ATP dependent 26S protease
<enzyme> Degrades proteins conjugated to ubiquitin; composed of cf-1,cf-2, and cf-3; cf-2 (also known as 240-kD proteasome inhibitor) is identical to aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... Synonym: 26s protease, 26 s proteasome complex, 26s proteasome ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ATP phosphoribosyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the first step of the pathway for histidine biosynthesis in salmonella typhimurium. ATP reacts reversibly with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to yield n-1-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP and pyrophosphate. ... Chemical name: 1-(5-Phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP:pyrophosphate phospho-alpha-D- ribosyltransferase ... Registry nu …

ATP sulfurylase
Synonym for sulfate adenylyltransferase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the activation of sulfate ions by ATP to form adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and pyrophosphate. This reaction constitutes the first enzymatic step in sulfate utilization following the uptake of sulfate. ... Chemical name: ATP:sulfate adenylyltransferase ... Registry numbe …

ATP synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of phosphate and ADP into ATP during oxidativephosphorylation in mitochondriaand bacteria or photophosphorylationin chloroplasts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ATP-corrinoid adenosyltransferase
<enzyme> Shares significant homology and functional similarity with btur of escherichia coli and cobo of pseudomonas denitrificans; do not confuse with product of coba gene of pseudomonas, which produces uroporphyrin-iii c-methyltransferase; 196 aa residues, mw 22-25 kD; genbank l08890 ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.- ... Synonym: coba protein, …

ATP-diphosphatase
Synonym for apyrase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses breakdown of ATP to AMP, usually extracted from plants, but aortic and placental forms have also been described. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ATP-monophosphatase
Synonym for adenosine triphosphatase ... <enzyme> A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with another function such as transporting calcium across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on calcium, magnesium, anions, h+, or DNA. ... Chemical name: ATP phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteinase
<enzyme> A component of the cytosolic ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: ucden ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ATPase
<enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and phosphate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ATPD
Symbol indicating that a gas volume has been expressed as if it had been dried at the ambient temperature and pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ATPS
Symbol indicating that a gas volume has been expressed as if it were saturated with water vapor at the ambient temperature and barometric pressure; the condition of an expired gas equilibrated in a spirometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrabiliary
1. Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys. ... 2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania. ... <anatomy> Atrabiliary arteries, capsules, and veins, t …

atrabiliary capsule
Synonym for suprarenal gland ... See adrenal gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atractosylidic acid
Synonym for atractyligenin ... The steroid aglycon and toxic principle of atractylic acid. ... Synonym: atractosylidic acid, atractylin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atractylic acid
A highly poisonous steroid glycoside from Atractylis gummifera L. (Compositae), having a strychnine-like action that produces convulsions of a hypoglycaemic nature; the aglycon, atractyliginin, is combined with glucose and isovaleric acid, and is the toxic principle. Atractylic acid interferes with oxidative reactions, the citric acid cycle, and ne …

atractyligenin
The steroid aglycon and toxic principle of atractylic acid. ... Synonym: atractosylidic acid, atractylin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atractylin
Synonym for atractyligenin ... The steroid aglycon and toxic principle of atractylic acid. ... Synonym: atractosylidic acid, atractylin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atractyloside
<chemical> 15 alpha-hydroxy-2-[[2-o-)3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-3,4-di-o-sulfo-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-19-norkaur-16-en-18-oic acid dipotassium salt. A toxic glycoside from atractylis gummifera which inhibits the transfer of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial membrane by a specific carrier. Also inhibits oxidative phosphorylation of externall …

atracurium
<chemical> A non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents. ... Pharmacological action: neuromuscular nondepola …

atracurium besylate
C65H82N2O18S 2;a non-depolarising neuromuscular relaxant of intermediate duration of action; used as an adjunct to general anaesthesia; a curare-like agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atraumatic needle
An eyeless surgical needle with the suture permanently fastened into a hollow end. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atraumatic suture
A suture swaged onto the end of an eyeless needle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrazine
<chemical> A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, faciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. ... Pharmacolog …

atrazine chlorohydrolase
<enzyme> An atrazine-dechlorinating enzyme with restricted substrate specificity and contributes to the microbial hydrolysis of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine in soils and groundwater; genbank u55933 ... Registry number: EC 3.8.1.- ... Synonym: atza protein, atza gene protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

atrepsy
Synonym: athrepsia. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + trepho, to nourish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atresia folliculi
A normal process affecting the primordial ovarian follicles in which death of the ovum results in cystic degeneration followed by cicatricial closure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atresia iridis
Congenital absence of the pupillary opening. ... Synonym: atretopsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atresic
Synonym for atretic ... <embryology> Having an abnormal closure or absence of a body opening or tubular organ (for example, a child born without an oesophagus would have an atretic birthdefect). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atresic teratosis
A teratosis in which any of the normal orifices, such as the nares, mouth, anus, or vagina, is imperforate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atretic
<embryology> Having an abnormal closure or absence of a body opening or tubular organ (for example, a child born without an oesophagus would have an atretic birthdefect). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

atretic corpus luteum
Synonym for corpus albicans ... A retrogressed corpus luteum characterised by increasing cicatrization and shrinkage of the cicatricial core with an amorphous, convoluted, completely hyalinised lutein zone surrounding the central plug of scar tissue. ... Synonym: albicans, atretic corpus luteum, corpus candicans. ... Corpora allata, a pair of juvenile …

atretic ovarian follicle
A follicle that degenerates before coming to maturity; great numbers of such atretic follicle's occur in the ovary before puberty; in the sexually mature woman, several are formed each month. ... Synonym: corpus atreticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atreto-
Lack of an opening. ... Origin: G. Atretos, imperforate fr. A-, not + tretos, perforated, fr. Tetraino, titremi, to bore through, to pierce. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atretoblepharia
Synonym: symblepharon. ... Origin: atreto-+ G. Blepharon, eyelid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atretocystia
Congenital or acquired absence of an opening of a bladder. ... Origin: atreto-+ G. Kystis, bladder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atretogastria
Congenital absence of an opening of the stomach. ... Origin: atreto-+ G. Gaster, stomach ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atretopsia
Synonym: atresia iridis. ... Origin: atreto-+ G. Ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atria
<anatomy, cardiology> The thin-walled chambers of the heart that pump blood into the ventricles. Consists of right atrium and left atrium. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

atrial
<anatomy> Pertaining to an atrium. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

atrial appendage
The small projection from each atrium hanging over like a small ear, more marked on the left, with a small cavity of its own. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial arrhythmias
See Arrhythmias, atrial. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

atrial arteries
Branches of the right and left coronary arteries distributed to the muscle of the atria. ... Synonym: arteriae atriales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial auricle
The auricle of atrium. ... See: left atrium, right atrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

atrial auricula
Synonym for auricle of atrium ... A small conical ('ear-shaped') pouch projecting from the upper anterior portion of each atrium of the heart, increasing slightly the atrial volume. ... See: auricle of left atrium, auricle of right atrium. ... Synonym: auricula atrialis, atrial auricle, atrial auricula, auricle, auricula, auricular appendage, auricula …