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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


artistic anatomy
The study of anatomy for artistic purposes, as applied to painting, drawing, or sculpture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arum
A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an example. 'Our common arums the lords and ladies of village children.' (Lubbock) ... The American 'Jack in the pulpit' is now separated from the genus Arum. ... Origin: L. Arum, aros, Gr. ... Source …

ARV
<abbreviation> AIDS-related virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryan
1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo and Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of mankind called also I …

arycorniculate synchondrosis
The junction of the corniculate cartilage (of Santorini) with the arytenoid. ... Synonym: synchondrosis arycorniculata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryepiglottic
Relating to the arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis; denoting a fold of mucous membrane (aryepiglottic fold) and a muscle contained in it (aryepiglottic muscle). ... Synonym: arytenoepiglottidean. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryepiglottic fold
A prominent fold of mucous membrane stretching between the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage on either side; it encloses the aryepiglottic muscle. ... Synonym: plica aryepiglottica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryepiglottic muscle
<anatomy> The fibres of the oblique arytenoid muscle that extend from the summit of the arytenoid cartilage to the side of the epiglottis; action, constricts the laryngeal aperture. ... Synonym: musculus aryepiglotticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryl
An organic radical derived from an aromatic compound by removing a hydrogen atom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryl acylamidase
An amidohydrolase cleaving the acyl group from an anilide by hydrolysis, producing aniline and an acid anion. ... Synonym: arylamidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases
<enzyme> A group of cytochrome p-450 (haem-thiolate) proteins which utilise reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor and incorporate one atom of oxygen. They act on many aromatic compounds. They are a component part of the mixed-function oxidase system and are important for the oxidation of many drugs and toxins such as phenobarbital, carc …

aryl sulphatase
<enzyme> Aryl sulphatases A, B and C comprise a group of enzymes originally assayed by their ability to hydrolyze O sulphate esters of aromatic substrates. Aryl sulphatase A, substrate cerebroside 3 sulphate, is deficient in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Aryl sulphatase B, substrate acetylhexosamine 4 sulphate in glycosaminoglycans, is defici …

aryl-alcohol oxidase
<enzyme> Flavoprotein acting on a variety of benzyl, cinnamyl, naphthyl and aliphatic unsaturated alcohols ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.7 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aryl-alpha-mannosidase
<enzyme> Act on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: aryl-alpha-mannosidase a, aryl-alpha-mannosidase b ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylacetyl-CoA N-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Conjugates arylacetic acid derivatives with glycine, glutamine or arginine ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: arylacetyl-CoA-amino acid n-acyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylalkyl acylamidase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes n-acetylarylalkylamines such as n-acetyl-3-phenylpropylamine and n-acetyl-4-phenylbutylamine ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: arylalkyl acetylamidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Not identical with EC 2.3.1.5; associated with increase risk of bladder or colon cancer ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.87 ... Synonym: nat2 protein, nat2 gene product, n-acetyltransferase 2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylamidase
Synonym for aryl acylamidase ... An amidohydrolase cleaving the acyl group from an anilide by hydrolysis, producing aniline and an acid anion. ... Synonym: arylamidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arylamine n-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines. They have wide specificity for aromatic amines, particularly serotonin, and can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without CoA. ... Chemical name: Acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

arylamine N-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Cytochrome p-448 dependent ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: 2-aminofluorene n-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylamine synthetase
<chemical> Chorismic acid to p-aminophenylalanine ... Chemical name: synthetase, arylamine ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylarsonic acid
An arsonic acid containing an aryl radical; e.g., arsenilic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aryldialkylphosphatase
<enzyme> Cleaves phosphoric triesters, including paraoxon and other organophosphates, cleaves parathion to diethylthiophosphoric acid plus p-nitrophenol; somanase transferred to EC 3.1.8.2 11/93 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.8.1 ... Synonym: arylalkylphosphatase, phosphotriesterase, organophosphate insecticide hydrolase, organophosphorus acid hyd …

arylformamidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of n-formyl-l-kynurenine and water to formate and l-kynurenine. It also acts on other aromatic formylamines. (enzyme nomenclature, 1992) ... Chemical name: Aryl-formylamine amidohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.9 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arylsulfatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that cleaves phenol sulfates, including cerebroside sulfates (i.e., a phenol sulfate + H2O &rarr; a phenol + sulfate anion). Some arylsulfatases are inhibited by sulfate (type II) and some are not (type I). ... Synonym: sulfatase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arylsulfatases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phenol sulfate to yield a phenol and sulfate. Arylsulfatase a, b, and c have been separated. A deficiency of arylsulfatases is one of the causes of metachromatic leukodystrophy (leukodystrophy, metachromatic). ... Chemical name: Aryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.1 ... (12 …

arylsulfate sulfotransferase
<enzyme> From a human intestinal bacterium; catalyses the transfer of the sulfate group of phenylsulfate esters to phenolic compounds ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.22 ... Synonym: asstase, arylsulfate-phenol sulfotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arylsulfonates
Organic sulfonic acid esters or salts which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arylsulfonic acids
Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arylsulfotransferase
<enzyme> A sulfotransferase that catalyses the sulfation of a phenol in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate as sulfate donor to yield an aryl sulfate and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. A number of aromatic compounds can act as acceptors; however, organic hydroxylamines are not substrates. Sulfate conjugation by this enzyme is a major pat …

arytenoepiglottidean
Synonym for aryepiglottic ... Relating to the arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis; denoting a fold of mucous membrane (aryepiglottic fold) and a muscle contained in it (aryepiglottic muscle). ... Synonym: arytenoepiglottidean. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arytenoid cartilage
One of a pair of small pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. The corresponding vocal ligament and several muscles are attached to it. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arytenoid glands
A large number of mixed glands in the mucous membrane of the larynx; they are called, according to their situation, anterior, middle, and posterior. ... Synonym: glandulae laryngeae, laryngeal glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arytenoid swelling
Paired primordial elevations, on either side of the embryonic larynx, within which the arytenoid cartilages are formed. ... Brain swelling, a pathologic entity, localised or generalised, characterised by an increase in bulk of brain tissue, due to expansion of the intravascular (congestion) or extravascular (oedema) compartments that may coexist or …

arytenoidectomy
<procedure> Excision of an arytenoid cartilage, usually in bilateral vocal fold paralysis, to improve breathing. ... Origin: arytenoid + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arytenoideus
Synonym: oblique arytenoid muscle, transverse arytenoid muscle. ... Origin: G. Arytainoeides, ladle-shaped, applied to cartilage of the larynx, fr. Arytaina, a ladle, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arytenoiditis
Inflammation of an arytenoid cartilage or its mucosal cover. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arytenoidopexy
Fixation by surgery of cartilages or muscles of arytenoids. ... Origin: arytenoid + G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

as
1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden. 'His spiritual attendants adjur …

asafetida
A gum resin, the inspissated exudate from the root of Ferula foetida (family Umbelliferae); used as a repellent against dogs, cats, and rabbits, and formerly used as an antispasmodic; in Asia, used as a condiment and flavoring agent. ... Origin: Pers. Aza, mastic, + L. Fetidus, fetid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Asarum
A genus of plants of the family Aristolochiaceae. ... Origin: L., fr. G. Asaron, hazelwort ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Asarum canadense
An aromatic stimulant and diaphoretic. ... Synonym: Canada snakeroot, Indian ginger, wild ginger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Asarum europaeum
An emetic and cathartic. ... Synonym: European snakeroot, hazelwort. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asbestoid
Synonym for amianthoid ... Having a crystalline appearance like asbestos. ... Synonym: asbestoid. ... Origin: G. Amianthus, asbestos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asbestos
<chemical> A fibrous incombustible mineral known to cause fibrosis and scarring in the lungs. Also a known carcinogenic material (can cause lung cancer, mesothelioma). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

asbestos bodies
Ferruginous body's with asbestos fibres as a core; a histologic hallmark of exposure to asbestos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asbestos corn
A granulomatous or hyperkeratotic lesion of the skin at the site of deposit of asbestos particles. ... Synonym: asbestos wart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asbestos liner
A layer of asbestos used to line a dental casting ring so that during the heating and expansion of the investment the compression of the liner will free the investment from the restraint of the ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asbestos lung disease
<radiology> Pleural plaques, earliest finding, may be only evidence, parietal pleura, 15-20 yrs after exposure, calcified after ca. 30 yrs, asbestosis, interstitial lung disease, perihilar regions to lung bases, shaggy heart, no cavitation or progressive massive fibrosis as in silicosis, crocidolite (blue) form most carcinogenic, associated w …

asbestos wart
Synonym for asbestos corn ... A granulomatous or hyperkeratotic lesion of the skin at the site of deposit of asbestos particles. ... Synonym: asbestos wart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

asbestos, amosite
<chemical> Asbestos, grunerite. A monoclinic amphibole form of asbestos having long fibres and a high iron content. It is used in insulation. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Asbestos, grunerite ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asbestos, amphibole
<chemical> A class of asbestos that includes silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, and sodium. The fibres are generally brittle and cannot be spun, but are more resistant to chemicals and heat than asbestos, serpentine. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asbestos, crocidolite
<chemical> Crocidolite. A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Crocidolite ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asbestos, serpentine
<chemical> A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

asbestosis
<chest medicine> Fibrosis of the lung as a result of the chronic inhalation of asbestos fibres. ... The needle like asbestos fibres are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages but burst the phagosome (phagocytic vesicle) and kill the macrophage and the cycle is repeated. ... Mesothelioma, a rare tumour of the mesothelial lining of the pleura, is a …

ascamycin aminopeptidase
<enzyme> From xanthomonas citri; removes alanine from ascamycin to form dealanylascamycin ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: ascamycin-hydrolyzing aminopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ascariasis
<radiology> Most common parasitic infection in the world, endemic along Gulf Coast, Ozark Mountains, Nigeria, Southeast Asia, organism: Ascaris lumbricoides, age: children (1-10 y.o.), cycle: soil to duodenum to venules/lymphatics to lung to brochus to mouth to jejunum, location: jejunum greater than ileum (99%), duodenum, stomach, common bil …

ascariasis infection
<microbiology> Infection by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides and is characterised by an early pulmonary phase related to larval migration and a later, prolonged intestinal phase. ... Adult worms are 15-40 cm in length and maintain themselves in the lumen of the small intestine. Infection occurs after ingesting eggs contained in contaminated f …

ascaricide
1. Causing the death of ascarid nematodes. ... 2. An agent having such properties. ... Origin: ascarid + L. Caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ascaridae
Former spelling for Ascarididae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ascaridata
Synonym for ascaridida ... An order of nematodes of the subclass secernentea. Its organisms possess two or three pairs of dorsolateral caudal papillae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ascaridia
A genus of nematode worms. A. Galli and a. Lineata are important intestinal parasites of domestic fowl. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ascaridia galli
A species abundant in the small intestine of chickens, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl, and many wild birds in most parts of the world. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascaridiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ascaridia. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhoea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ascaridida
An order of nematodes of the subclass secernentea. Its organisms possess two or three pairs of dorsolateral caudal papillae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ascaridida infections
Infections with nematodes of the order ascaridida. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ascarididae
A family of large intestinal roundworms that includes the important nematode of man, Ascaris lumbricoides, the abundant roundworm of swine, Ascaris suum, and the common ascarids of dogs and cats, Toxocara and Toxascaris species. ... Origin: G. Askaris, an intestinal worm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ascarididea
Synonym for ascaridida ... An order of nematodes of the subclass secernentea. Its organisms possess two or three pairs of dorsolateral caudal papillae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ascaridoidea
A superfamily of polymyarian nematode worms. An important characteristic of this group is the presence of three prominant lips around the mouth of the organism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ascaridole
1,4-Peroxido-p-menth-2-ene;a major constituent of oil of chenopodium; an anthelmintic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ascaridorida
Synonym for ascaridida ... An order of nematodes of the subclass secernentea. Its organisms possess two or three pairs of dorsolateral caudal papillae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ascaris
<organism> A genus of nematode worms, including the species of roundworm that can infect the intestines of humans and swine. Members of this genus resemble earthworms and have three-lipped mouths. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Ascaris equorum
Synonym for Parascaris equorum ... A large heavy-bodied ascarid nematode extremely common in the small intestine of horses and other equids. Larvae may develop in man or mice, but do not reach the adult stage. ... Synonym: Ascaris equorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ascaris lumbricoides
<organism> A parasitic gut dwelling nematode worm, of major medical significance, used in developmental studies. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ascaris suum
A species of parasitic nematode usually found in domestic pigs and a few other animals. Human infection can also occur, presumably as result of handling pig manure, and can lead to intestinal obstruction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ascaroidea
Former spelling for Ascaridoidea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascaron
A toxic peptone present in helminths, especially the ascaridids; symptoms of ascaron poisoning are similar to those of anaphylactic shock. ... Origin: G. Askaris, an intestinal worm, + hormon, pres. Part. Of hormao, to excite ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ascarops strongylina
A small bloodsucking worm found in the stomach of pigs and wild boars in many parts of the world. Larvae of this species develop in coprophagous beetles; worms adhere to the gastric mucosa of the pig, and may cause inflammation and ulceration in heavy infections. ... Origin: G. Askaris, an intestinal worm; strongylos, round ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascendant
1. Ascent; height; elevation. 'Sciences that were then in their highest ascendant.' (Temple) ... 2. <astronomy> The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's life and fortune. ... Hence the phrases To be in the ascendant, to have co …

ascendens
Ascending. Going upward, ascending, toward a higher position. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascendent
1. Rising toward the zenith; above the horizon. 'The constellation . . . About that time ascendant.' (Browne) ... 2. Rising; ascending. ... 3. Superior; surpassing; ruling. 'An ascendant spirit over him.' (South) 'The ascendant community obtained a surplus of wealth.' (J. S. Mill) 'Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending himself a …

ascending
Rising or curving upward. ... <botany> Growing erect after an oblique or semi-horizontal beginning. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ascending anterior branch
The ascending anterior branch of the superior lobar branches of the left and right pulmonary arteries. ... Synonym: ramus anterior ascendens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending aorta
The part of the aorta prior to the aortic arch from which arise the coronary arteries. ... Synonym: aorta ascendens, ascending part of aorta, pars ascendens aortae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending artery
<anatomy, artery> The branch of the inferior branch of the ileocolic artery that passes superiorly up the ascending colon to communicate with a branch of the right colic artery and supplying the ascending colon. ... Synonym: arteria ascendens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending branch
A branch directed superiorly. Nomina Anatomica recognises the ascending branch of the following: 1) deep circumflex iliac artery; 2) lateral cerebral sulcus; 3) lateral circumflex femoral artery. ... Synonym: ramus ascendens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending cervical artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, usually a terminal branch of the thyrocervical trunk (along with interior thyroid artery); distribution, muscles of neck and spinal cord; anastomoses, branches of vertebral, occipital, ascending pharyngeal, and deep cervical. ... Synonym: arteria cervicalis ascendens, cervicalis ascendens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending cholangitis
Synonym for cholangitis lenta ... Low-grade bacterial infection of the biliary tract; sometimes a cause of fever of unknown origin. ... Synonym: ascending cholangitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending colon
<anatomy> The first part of the colon (large intestine) that starts in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and ends at the transverse colon in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ascending current
The direction of current flow in a nerve when the anode is placed peripheral to the cathode, in contrast to descending current; the convention used is that current flows from positive to negative. ... Synonym: centripetal current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending degeneration
Retrograde degeneration of an injured nerve fibre; i.e., toward the nerve cell of the fibre, degeneration cephalad to a spinal cord lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending frontal convolution
Synonym for precentral gyrus ... Bounded posteriorly by the central sulcus and anteriorly by the precentral sulcus. ... Synonym: gyrus precentralis, anterior central convolution, anterior central gyrus, ascending frontal convolution, ascending frontal gyrus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending frontal gyrus
Synonym for precentral gyrus ... Bounded posteriorly by the central sulcus and anteriorly by the precentral sulcus. ... Synonym: gyrus precentralis, anterior central convolution, anterior central gyrus, ascending frontal convolution, ascending frontal gyrus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending lumbar vein
<anatomy, vein> Paired, vertical vein of the posterior abdominal wall, adjacent and parallel to the vertebral column, posterior to the origin of the psoas major muscle; it connects the common iliac, iliolumbar, and lumbar veins in the paravertebral line, the right vein joining the right subcostal vein to form the azygos vein, the left vein un …

ascending myelitis
Progressive inflammation involving successively higher areas of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending neuritis
Inflammation progressing upward along a nerve trunk in a direction away from the periphery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending palatine artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, facial; distribution, lateral walls of pharynx, tonsils, auditory tubes, and soft palate; anastomoses, tonsillar branch of facial, dorsal lingual, and descending palatine. ... Synonym: arteria palatina ascendens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending paralysis
Synonym for acute ascending paralysis ... A paralysis of rapid course beginning in the legs and involving progressively the trunk, arms, and neck, ending sometimes in death in from one to three weeks. ... Synonym: ascending paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ascending parietal convolution
Synonym for postcentral gyrus ... The anterior convolution of the parietal lobe, bounded in front by the central sulcus (fissure of Rolando) and posteriorly by the interparietal sulcus. ... Synonym: gyrus postcentralis, ascending parietal convolution, ascending parietal gyrus, posterior central convolution, posterior central gyrus. ... (05 Mar 2000)
ascending parietal gyrus
Synonym for postcentral gyrus ... The anterior convolution of the parietal lobe, bounded in front by the central sulcus (fissure of Rolando) and posteriorly by the interparietal sulcus. ... Synonym: gyrus postcentralis, ascending parietal convolution, ascending parietal gyrus, posterior central convolution, posterior central gyrus. ... (05 Mar 2000)