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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

auctorum
Of authors. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

auctorum non
Not of authors. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

audile
1. Relating to audition. ... 2. Denoting the type of mental imagery in which one recalls most readily that which has been heard rather than seen or read. ... Compare: motile, visile. ... Synonym: auditive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audio-
The sense of hearing. ... Origin: L. Audio, to hear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audioanalgesia
Use of music or sound delivered through earphones to mask pain during dental or surgical procedures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiogenic
1. Caused by sound, especially a loud noise. ... 2. Sound-producing. ... Origin: audio-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiogenic seizure
A reflex seizure precipitated by loud noises, rare in humans. Audiogenic seizures in rodents are an animal model of epilepsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiogram
A test of hearing at a range of sound frequencies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audiologist
A specialist in evaluation and rehabilitation of those whose communication disorders centre in whole or in part in the hearing function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiology
The study of hearing. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audiometric
Related to measurement of hearing levels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiometrist
A person trained in the use of the audiometer in testing hearing acuity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiometry
The measurement of hearing. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audiometry, evoked response
A form of electrophysiologic audiometry in which an analog computer is included in the circuit to average out ongoing or spontaneous brain wave activity. A characteristic pattern of response to a sound stimulus may then become evident. Evoked response audiometry is known also as electric response audiometry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audiometry, pure-tone
Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audiometry, speech
Measurement of the ability to hear speech under various conditions of intensity and noise interference using sound-field as well as earphones and bone oscillators. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audiovisual
Pertaining to a communication or teaching technique that combines both audible and visible symbols. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audiovisual aids
Auditory and visual instructional materials. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

audit
An examination or review that establishes the extent to which a condition, process, or performance conforms to predetermined standards or criteria. ... Origin: L. Auditus, a hearing, fr. Audio, to hear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

audition
Synonym: hearing. ... Origin: L. Auditio, a hearing, fr. Audeo, to hear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditive
One who recalls most readily that which has been heard. ... Synonym: audile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory
<otolaryngology> Pertaining to the sense of hearing. ... Origin: L. Auditorius ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

auditory agnosia
The inability to recognise sounds, words, or music; caused by a lesion of the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory alternans
Synonym for auscultatory alternans ... Alternation in the intensity of heart sounds or murmurs in the presence of a regular cardiac rhythm as a result of alternation of the heart. ... Synonym: auditory alternans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory aphasia
An impairment in comprehension of the auditory forms of language and communication, including the ability to write from dictation in the presence of normal hearing. Spontaneous speech, reading, and writing are not affected. ... Synonym: acoustic aphasia, word deafness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory area
Synonym for auditory cortex ... Area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory canal
Synonym for external acoustic meatus ... The passage leading inward through the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, from the auricle to the tympanic membrane; it consists of a bony (inner) portion and a fibrocartilaginous (outer) portion, the cartilaginous external acoustic meatus. ... Synonym: meatus acusticus externus, acoustic meatus, antrum au …

auditory capsule
The cartilage that, in the embryo, surrounds the developing auditory vesicle and develops into the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory cortex
Area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory diseases, central
Diseases of the auditory pathways from the bulbar cochlear nuclei to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Structures involved include the medial and lateral lemnisci, inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate nucleus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory evoked potentials
<investigation> A special neurologic test, known as brainstem auditory evoked potentials, which measures the brain and brainstem nervous response to auditory stimulation. ... A test used to evaluate neurologic integrity and hearing in newborns. Can be used in the evaluation of stroke, acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease and multiple sclerosis< …

auditory fatigue
Loss of sensitivity to sounds as a result of auditory stimulation, manifesting as a temporary shift in auditory threshold. The temporary threshold shift, tts, is expressed in decibels. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory field
The space included within the limits of hearing of a definite sound, as of a tuning fork. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory ganglion
Synonym for spiral ganglion of cochlea ... An elongated ganglion of bipolar sensory nerve cell bodies on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve in the spiral canal of the modiolus; each ganglion cell gives rise to a peripheral process that passes between the layers of the bony spiral lamina to the organ of Corti, and a central axon that en …

auditory hairs
Cilia on the free surface of the auditory cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory hallucination
A symptom frequently observed in a schizophrenic disorder consisting, in the absence of an external source, of hearing a voice or other auditory stimulus that other individuals do not perceive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory hyperesthesia
Synonym for hyperacusis ... Hyperacusia ... Abnormal acuteness of hearing due to increased irritability of the sensory neural mechanism. ... Synonym: auditory hyperesthesia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Akousis, a hearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory lemniscus
Synonym for lateral lemniscus ... A bundle of ascending fibres that originate from the cochlear and auditory relay nuclei of the rhombencephalon, enter the trapezoid body, a transverse fibre stratum in which about half their number decussate, and from here turn rostrally along the lateral side of the spinothalamic tract; in the midbrain, it arches d …

auditory localization
In sensory psychology, the naming or pointing to directions from which sounds emanate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory nerve
<anatomy, neurology> Cranial nerve VIII is responsible for the sense of hearing and balance (body position sense). Lesions of the eighth nerve can result in deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo and vomiting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

auditory nucleus
Synonym for nuclei nervi vestibulocochlearis ... vestibulocochlear nuclei ...

auditory oculogyric reflex
Rotation of the eyes toward the source of a sudden sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory organ
Archaic term for gustatory organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory ossicles
The small bones of the middle ear; they are articulated to form a chain for the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. ... Synonym: ossicula auditus, ear bones, ossicular chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory pathway
Neural paths and connections within the central nervous system, beginning at the organ of Corti's hair cells, continuing along the eighth nerve, and terminating at the auditory cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory perception
The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organised and interpreted by the organism; includes speech discrimination. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory perceptual disorders
Disorders of auditory perception manifesting as difficulties with auditory memory, speech perception and sound localization. Lesions are usually in the temporal lobe. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory pits
Paired depressions, one on either side of the head of the embryo, marking the location of the future auditory vesicles. ... Synonym: otic pits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory placodes
Paired ectodermal placode's that sink below the general level of the superficial ectoderm to form the auditory vesicles. ... Synonym: otic placodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory process
The roughened edge of the tympanic plate giving attachment to the cartilaginous portion of the external acoustic meatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory receptor cells
Columnar cell's in the epithelium of the organ of Corti, having hairs (stereocilia) on their apical ends. ... See: Corti's cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory reflex
Any reflex occurring in response to a sound, e.g., cochleopalpebral reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory striae
Synonym for medullary striae of fourth ventricle ... Slender fascicles of fibres extending transversally below the ependymal floor of the ventricle from the median sulcus to enter the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They arise from the arcuate nuclei on the ventral surface of the medullary pyramid. ... Synonym: striae medullares ventriculi quarti, acou …

auditory strings
Bundles of parallel filaments in the zona pectinata of the lamina basilaris of the cochlea; the length of the string's varies from 64 um in the basal coil to 480 um in the apex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory teeth
Tooth-shaped formations or ridges occurring on the vestibular lip of the limbus lamina spiralis of the cochlear duct. ... Synonym: dentes acustici, Corti's auditory teeth, Huschke's auditory teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auditory threshold
The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

auditory tract
Synonym for lateral lemniscus ... A bundle of ascending fibres that originate from the cochlear and auditory relay nuclei of the rhombencephalon, enter the trapezoid body, a transverse fibre stratum in which about half their number decussate, and from here turn rostrally along the lateral side of the spinothalamic tract; in the midbrain, it arches d …

auditory tube
A tube leading from the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx; it consists of an osseous (posterolateral) portion at the tympanic end, and a fibrocartilaginous (anteromedial) portion at the pharyngeal end; where the two portions join, in the region of the sphenopetrosal fissure, is the narrowest portion of the tube (isthmus); the auditory tube enables …

auditory vertigo
Synonym for Meniere's disease ... <neurology> A name applied to recurrent vertigo accompanied by ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and deafness. A dysfunction of the semi-circular canals (endolymphatic sac) in the inner ear. ... Symptoms include dizziness, hearing loss (one-sided), vertigo, nausea, vomiting and abnormal eye movements. ... Treatment …

auditory vesicle
One of the paired sacs of invaginated ectoderm that develop into the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. ... Synonym: acoustic vesicle, otic vesicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auenbrugger
Leopold, Austrian physician, 1722-1809. ... See: Auenbrugger's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auenbrugger's sign
<clinical sign> An epigastric prominence seen in cases of marked pericardial effusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auer
John, U.S. Physician, 1875-1948. ... See: Auer bodies, Auer rods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auer bodies
Rod-shaped structures of uncertain nature in the cytoplasm of immature myeloid cells, especially myeloblasts, in acute myelocytic leukaemia; may be an abnormal form of lysosomes; they contain peroxidase and acid phosphatase, and stain red by azure-eosin stains. ... Synonym: Auer rods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auer rods
Synonym for Auer bodies ... Rod-shaped structures of uncertain nature in the cytoplasm of immature myeloid cells, especially myeloblasts, in acute myelocytic leukaemia; may be an abnormal form of lysosomes; they contain peroxidase and acid phosphatase, and stain red by azure-eosin stains. ... Synonym: Auer rods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auerbach
Leopold, German anatomist, 1828-1897. ... See: Auerbach's ganglia, Auerbach's plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auerbach's ganglia
Collections of parasympathetic nerve cells in the myenteric plexus. ... See: myenteric plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auerbach's plexus
Synonym for myenteric plexus ... One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The myenteric (auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithel …

Aufrecht
Emanuel, German physician, 1844-1933. ... See: Aufrecht's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aufrecht's sign
<clinical sign> An obsolete sign: diminished breath sounds in the trachea just above the jugular notch, in cases of stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auger
Pierre-Victor, French physicist, *1899. ... See: Auger electron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Auger effect
<physics> Transition of an electron in an atom from a discrete electronic level to an ionised continuous level with the same energy. ... Synonym: autoionisation. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

Auger electron
An electron ejected from a lower energy orbital after a photoelectric interaction of an X-ray photon with a K-shell electron by the characteristic radiation photon; the Auger electron recoils with energy equal to the characteristic radiation less the difference in shell binding energies. ... See: photoelectric effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augmentation
1. The act or process of augmenting, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase. ... 2. The state of being augmented; enlargement. ... 3. The thing added by way of enlargement. ... 4. A additional charge to a coat of arms, given as a mark of honor. ... 5. <medicine> The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasin …

augmentation graft
A graft of material used to increase the size, shape, or volume of a structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augmentation mammaplasty
Plastic surgery to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augmented histamine test
Synonym for histamine test ... A test for maximal production of gastric acidity or anacidity; after preliminary administration of an antihistamine, histamine acid phosphate is injected subcutaneously in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of body weight, followed by analysis of gastric contents. ... Synonym: augmented histamine test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augmented lead
Electrocardiogram recorded between one limb and two other limbs. The augmented lead are designated aVF, aVL, and aVR for recordings made between the foot (left), left arm, and right arm, respectively, and the other two limbs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augmentor fibres
Synonym for accelerator fibres ... Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibre's originating in the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, conveying nervous impulses to the heart that increase the rapidity and force of the cardiac pulsations. ... Synonym: augmentor fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augmentor nerves
Synonym for cervical splanchnic nerves ... Segments of the visceral branches arising from the superior, middle, and inferior (stellate) cervical ganglia; they are part of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves. ... Synonym: augmentor nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augnathus
Synonym: dignathus. ... Origin: G. Au, again, + gnathos, jaw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

augur
1. An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences. ... 2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet. 'Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found Without a prie …

august
Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority. 'Forms august.' . 'August in visage.' . 'To shed that august blood.' . 'So beautiful and so august a spectacle.' (Burke) 'To mingle with a body so august.' (Byron) ... Synon …

augustan
1. Of or pertaining to Augustus Caesar or to his times. ... 2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg. Augustan age of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; so called because the reign of Augustus Caesar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the A …

Aujeszky
Aladar, Hungarian pathologist, 1869-1933. ... See: Aujeszky's disease, Aujeszky's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aujeszky's disease
Synonym for pseudorabies ... A highly contagious herpes virus infection affecting the central nervous system of swine, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, and other animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Aujeszky's disease virus
Synonym for pseudorabies virus ... A herpesvirus causing pseudorabies in swine. ... Synonym: Aujeszky's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aunt
1. The sister of one's father or mother; correlative to nephew or niece. Also applied to an uncle's wife. ... Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related. ... 2. An old woman; and old gossip. ... 3. A bawd, or a prostitute. Aunt Sally, a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth …

aur
<abbreviation> Auris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aura
<neurology> A subjective sensation or motor phenomenon that precedes and marks the of a paroxysmal attack, such as an epileptic attack on set. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aural
<anatomy> Pertaining to or perceived by the ear, as an aural stimulus. ... Origin: L. Auris ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aural myiasis
Invasion of the external, middle, or inner ear by larvae of dipterous insects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aural polyp
<otolaryngology> A benign polyp in the external ear canal that can be attached to the tympanic membrane. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aural vertigo
Vertigo caused by disease of the internal ear or pressure of cerumen on the drum membrane. ... Non-specific term for vertigo caused by labyrinthine disorders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auramine O
A yellow fluorescent dye, C17H22N3Cl, used as a stain for the tubercle bacillus and as a stain for DNA in Kasten's fluorescent Feulgen stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auramine O fluorescent stain
<technique> A rapid and accurate technique for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using auramine O-phenol and a methylene blue counterstain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

auranofin
<chemical> (1-thio-beta-d-glucopyranose-2,3,4,6-tetraacetato-s)(triethylphosphine)gold. An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that …

aurantiasis cutis
An obsolete term for carotenosis cutis. ... Origin: L. Aurantium, orange, + G. -iasis, condition; cutis, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aureole
1. A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil. ... 2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence.< …

aureolic acid
Synonym for mithramycin ... An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces argillaceus and S. Tanashiensis; possesses antineoplastic activity. ... Synonym: aureolic acid, mitramycin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...