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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

axonal terminal boutons
Synonym for axon terminals ... The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). As isolated, by homogenizing brain or spinal cord, they contain acetylcholine and the related enzymes. Terminals contain neurotransmitters of various kinds, somet …

axonal transport
Directed transport of organelles and molecules along a nerve cell axon. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (alberts et al., molecular biology of the cell, 3d ed, pg3) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

axoneme
<cell biology> The central microtubule complex of eukaryotic cilia and flagella with the characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of tubules when seen in cross-section. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axonin
<protein> Chick homologue of TAG 1. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

axonogenesis
<cell biology> The growth and differentiation of axonal processes by developing neurons. ... See: axon. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axonography
The recording of electrical changes in axons. ... Synonym: electroaxonography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axonopathy
A disorder affecting primarily the axons of peripheral nerve fibres, (although secondary demyelination occurs) in contrast to one that affects only myelin (myelinopathy). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axonotmesis
Interruption of the axons of a nerve followed by complete degeneration of the peripheral segment, without severance of the supporting structure of the nerve; such a lesion may result from pinching, crushing, or prolonged pressure. ... See: neurapraxia, neurotmesis. ... Origin: axon + G. Tmesis, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axopetal
Extending in a direction toward an axon. ... Origin: axo-+ L. Peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axoplasm
<cell biology> The cytoplasm of a neuron. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axoplasmic transport
Transport by way of flow of axoplasm toward cell soma (retrograde) or toward axon terminal (anterograde). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axopod
<cell biology> Thin processes (a few m in diameter but up to 500 m long), supported by complex arrays of microtubules, that radiate from the bodies of Heliozoa. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axopodium
A permanent pseudopodium containing a stiff axial filament of differentiated protoplasm. ... Synonym: axiopodium. ... Origin: Mod. L., fr. L. Axis + G. Podion, dim. Of pous (pod-), foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axosomatic
Relating to the synaptic relationship of an axon with a nerve cell body. ... See: synapse. ... Origin: axo-+ G. Soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axosomatic synapse
The synaptic junction of an axon terminal of one nerve cell to the cell body of another nerve cell. ... Synonym: pericorpuscular synapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axostyle
An elongate supporting rod or tubule that runs the length of certain flagellate protozoans, frequently projecting out of the posterior end. Single or multiple, filamentous or rigid, they vary with the species but serve as an endoskeletal framework and may function in locomotion as well. ... Origin: axo-+ G. Stylos, pillar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axostyles
<cell biology> Ribbon like bundles of microtubules found in certain parasitic protozoa that may generate bending waves by dynein mediated sliding of microtubules. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axotomy
<procedure> Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

axunge
<pharmacology> The fat of pigs or geese; usually, lard prepared for medical use. ... Origin: F. Axonge, L. Axungia; axis wheel + ungere to grease. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

ay-9944
<chemical> N,n-bis(o-chlorobenzyl)-trans-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine). An anticholesteraemic agent that inhibits sterol biosynthesis in animals. ... Pharmacological action: anticholesteraemic agents. ... Chemical name: 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanamine, N,N'-bis((2-chlorophenyl)methyl)-, dihydrochloride, trans- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ayahuasca
Synonym for caapi ... A hallucinogenic preparation obtained from Banisteria caapi (family Malpighaceae), a South American jungle vine; contains harmine and other psychotomimetic principles. ... Synonym: ayahuasca. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ayala
G., Italian neurologist, 1878-1943. ... See: Ayala's index, Ayala's quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ayala's index
The cerebrospinal index when 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid have been removed. ... Synonym: Ayala's quotient, spinal quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ayala's quotient
Synonym for Ayala's index ... The cerebrospinal index when 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid have been removed. ... Synonym: Ayala's quotient, spinal quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ayerza
L., Argentinian physician, 1861-1918. ... See: Ayerza's disease, Ayerza's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ayerza's disease
Synonym for Ayerza's syndrome ... <syndrome> Sclerosis of the pulmonary arteries in chronic cor pulmonale; associated with severe cyanosis, it is a condition resembling polycythemia vera but resulting from primary pulmonary arteriosclerosis or primary pulmonary hypertension and characterised by plexiform lesions of arterioles. ... Synonym: Ayer …

Ayerza's syndrome
<syndrome> Sclerosis of the pulmonary arteries in chronic cor pulmonale; associated with severe cyanosis, it is a condition resembling polycythemia vera but resulting from primary pulmonary arteriosclerosis or primary pulmonary hypertension and characterised by plexiform lesions of arterioles. ... Synonym: Ayerza's disease, cardiopathia nigra, …

Ayre
J. Ernest, U.S. Gynecologist, *1910. ... See: Ayre brush. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ayre brush
A device, consisting of a long flexible tube with a brush at the distal end, for collecting gastric mucosal cells in cancer detection studies; after positioning in the stomach the brush is rotated and 'sweeps' cells from the mucosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azacitidine
<chemical> An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with general properties similar to those of cytarabine. It inhibits cellular pyrimidine synthesis and has been used mainly in the treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antineoplastic. ... Chemical name: 1,3,5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-1-bet …

azacosterol
<chemical> 17-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methylamino]-androst-5-en-3-ol. Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteraemic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol. Induces myotonia. It is also used as an avian chemosterilant. Synonym: sc-12937. ... Chemical name: Androst-5-en-3-ol, 17- …

azacrine
2-Methoxy-6-chloro-9-(5'-diethylamino-2'-pentyl)amino-3-azoacridine;an antimalarial; an effective schizontocide in acute falciparum infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azacyclonol hydrochloride
Gamma-Pipradol hydrochloride; a,alpha-diphenyl-4-piperidine-methanol hydrochloride;a structural isomer of pipradol hydrochloride partially antagonistic to its actions, used with varying results in the treatment of hallucinations and confusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azaguanine
<chemical> 5-amino-1,4-dihydro-7h-1,2,3-triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidin-7-one. One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antineoplastic. ... Chemical name: 7H-1,2,3-Triazolo(4,5-d)pyrimidin-7-one, 5-a …

azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the n-methylation of nicotine to n-methylnicotinium ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: azh-n-methyltransferase, nicotine n-methyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

azamethonium bromide
A ganglionic blocking agent. ... Chemical name: [(Methylimino)diethylene]bis-[ethyldimethylammonium bromide]. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azaperone
<chemical> A butyrophenone used in the treatment of psychoses. ... Pharmacological action: antipsychotic agents, butyrophenone, dopamine antagonists, sedatives, nonbarbiturate. ... Chemical name: 1-Butanone, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azapetine phosphate
A potent adrenergic (alpha-receptor) blocking agent similar in action and uses to those of tolazoline; used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. ... Chemical name: 6-Allyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenz[c.e]azepine phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azaribine
An antipsoriatic agent no longer used because of a high incidence of severe adverse reactions. ... Chemical name: 2',3',5'-Triacetyl derivative of 6-azauridine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azaserine
<drug> An analogue of glutamine that competitively inhibits various pathways in which glutamine is metabolised, hence an antibiotic and antitumour agent. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

azaspirodecanedione
A class of antianxiety agents not chemically or pharmacologically related to other classes of sedative and anxiolytic drugs; e.g., buspirone hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azasteroids
Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substituted with nitrogen atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azatadine maleate
An antihistamine with anticholinergic and antiserotonin properties. ... Chemical name: 6,11-Dihydro-11-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine dimaleate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azathioprine
<chemical> An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (merck index, 11th ed) ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antim …

azauridine
<chemical> A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic. ... Pharmacological action: antimetabolites, antimetabolites, antineoplastic, dermatologic agents. ... Chemical …

azedarach
1. <botany> A handsome Asiatic tree (Melia azedarach), common in the southern United States; called also, Pride of India, Pride of China, and Bead tree. ... 2. <medicine> The bark of the roots of the azedarach, used as a cathartic and emetic. ... Origin: F. Azedarac, Sp. Acederaque, Pers. Azaddirakht noble tree. ... Source: Websters Dictio …

azeotrope
A mixture of two or more liquids that boils without change in proportion of the liquids, either in the liquid or the vapor phase; e.g., 95% ethanol (actually 94.9% by volume, the rest being water). ... Origin: G. A-priv. + zeein, to boil, + tropos, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azeotropic
Denoting or characteristic of an azeotrope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azeotropic mixture
<chemistry> This is a mixture of liquids in which the composition of the vapor is the same as that of the liquid phase, so it can be distilled without any change in composition. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

azetidinecarboxylic acid
<chemical> 2-azetidinecarboxylic acid. A proline analog. Acts as a stoichiometric replacement of proline causing the production of abnormal proteins having impaired biological activity. ... Chemical name: 2-Azetidinecarboxylic acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azide
<chemical> Usually the sodium salt NaN3, an inhibitor of electron transport that blocks electron flow from cytochrome oxidase to oxygen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

azidothymidine
Synonym for zidovudine ... aZT ...

azimuth
<radiobiology> An angle measured clockwise relative to some reference point on a circle (for example, south or north). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

azimuthal
<radiobiology> Generally an angle, measured around an object. ... In spherical geometries, the angle which is not the polar angle. On the earth, one incarnation of the azimuthal angle is the longitude of a location relative to the prime meridian through Greenwich, England. ... In toroidal geometries, the longitude idea still applies, but the ot …

azin dyes
Dye derivatives of phenazine, C6H4-N2-C6H4 that include important histologic stains, such as neutral red, azocarmine G., and safranin O. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azinphosmethyl
<chemical> An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organothiophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dimethyl S-((4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)methyl) ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aziridines
Saturated azacyclopropane compounds. Any substitutions on carbon or nitrogen atoms are permitted. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azithromycin
<drug> An antibiotic approved for the treatment of chlamydia and bacterial infections of the skin and respiratory tract. It may also have activity against MAC, toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis. ... Possible side effects include nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness, sensitivity to sunlight and vaginal candidiasis. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

azlocillin
<chemical> A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin proposed for opportunistic pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(((((2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)carbonyl)amino)phenylacetyl)amino)-, (2S- …

azlocillin sodium
Sodium (6R)-6-[d-2-(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido)-2-phenylacetamido]penicillanate;an extended spectrum penicillin used in treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus influenzae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azo dye
<chemistry> Dyes that contain the N=N linkage. They are easily prepared from diazo compounds. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

azo dyes
Dye's in which the azo group is the chromophore and joins benzene or naphthalene rings; they include a large number of biologic stains, such as Congo red and oil red O; also used clinically to promote epithelial growth in the treatment of ulcers, burns, and other wounds; many have anticoagulant action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azo itch
Itching that occurs among workers in azo dyes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azo-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining form of azote. ... Applied loosely to compounds having nitrogen variously combined, as in cyanides, nitrates, etc. ... Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in azobenzene, azobenzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many artificial dyes. See Dia …

azobenzene
<chemistry> A substance (C6H5.N2.C6H5) derived from nitrobenzene, forming orange red crystals which are easily fusible. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

azobilirubin
The red-violet pigment formed by the condensation of diazotised sulfanilic acid with bilirubin in the van den Bergh reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azocarmine
A series of red acid azo dyes used in preparing tissue stains, useful in Heidenhain's azan stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azocarmine dyes
Dye's giving a dark purplish red colour as histologic stains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azocoll proteinase
<enzyme> Azocoll is used as a non-specific substrate for proteolytic assays ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

azoic
Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal life on the globe; as, the azoic. Rocks. ... <geology> Azoic age, the age preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the paleozoic tome. Azoic is also used as a noun, age being understood. …

azole
Synonym for pyrrole ... Divinylenimine;a heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances. ... Synonym: azole, imidole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azoleic
<chemistry> Pertaining to an acid produced by treating oleic with nitric acid. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

azolitmin
A purplish red colouring matter obtained from natural litmus or synthesised by oxidizing orcinol in the presence of ammonia, lime, and potash; used as a broad indicator of pH (red at 4.5, blue at 8.3). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azoospermia
<gynaecology, urology> The absence of spermatozoa in the semen or failure of formation of spermatozoa. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

azophloxin
Synonym for amidonaphthol red ... An azo dye, C18H13N3S2Na2, used in light and fluorescence microscopy as a real acid counterstain. ... Synonym: azophloxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azoprotein
Any of the modified proteins produced by treatment with diazonium derivatives of various aromatic amines; used to elicit antibody formation and demonstrate antibody specificity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Azorean disease
Synonym for Machado-Joseph ... A rare form of hereditary ataxia, characterised by onset in early adult life of progressive, spinocerebellar and extrapyramidal disease with external ophthalmoplegia, rigidity dystonia symptoms, and, often, peripheral amyotrophy; found predominantly in people of Azorean ancestry; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Syno …

azores
A group of nine islands and several islets belonging to portugal in the north atlantic ocean off the coast of portugal. The islands are named after the acores, the portuguese for goshawks, living there in abundance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azospirillum
A genus of gram-negative bacteria that occurs free-living in the soil or associated with the roots of cereal crops or grasses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azospirillum brasilense
Motile, free-living, gram-negative bacteria that occur in the soil. They are aerobic or microaerophilic and are sometimes capable of nitrogen fixation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azosulfamide
2-(4'-Sulfamylphenylazo)-7-acetamido-1-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate;a reddish derivative, soluble in water, less toxic but less effective than sulfanilamide; it owes its antibacterial activity to the sulfanilamide released. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azotaemia
A higher than normal blood level of urea or other nitrogen containing compounds in the blood. The hallmark test is the serum BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level. Usually caused by the inability of the kidney to excrete these compounds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azotemia
Synonym for uraemia ... 1. <biochemistry> An excess in the blood of urea, creatinine and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acids metabolism, more correctly referred to as azotaemia. ... 2. <nephrology> In current usage the entire constellation of signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure including nausea, vomiting anor …

azotemic
Relating to azotemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azotemic retinitis
An obsolete term for hypertensive retinopathy. ... See: hypertensive retinopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azothermia
Rarely used term for fever resulting from uraemia. ... Origin: azote + G. Therme, heat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azotobacter
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs or irregular clumps, and sometimes in chains of varying lengths. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azotobacter vinelandii
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria first isolated from vineland, new jersey. Ammonium and nitrate are used as nitrogen sources by this bacterium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azotobacteraceae
A family of motile, gram-negative bacteria found in soil and water and capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azoturia
An increased elimination of urea in the urine. ... Origin: azo-(azote) + G. Ouron, urine ... Azoturia of horses, an afebrile disease of horses, characterised by massive muscle degeneration, a rapidly developing paralysis of the hind legs, and myoglobinuria; onset is sudden, usually appearing shortly after the horse has returned to work after a few da …

azovan blue
Synonym for evans blue ... <chemical> 6,6'-((3,3'-dimethyl(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo))bis (4-amino-5-hydroxy-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt. An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly. ... Pha …

azoxy procarbazine oxidase
<enzyme> does not require NADP for action or azoxyprocarbazine, but acts as a nad dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase for propionaldehyde ... Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- ... Synonym: azoxy 1 pcz oxidase, azoxy 2 pcz oxidase, azoxy 3 pcz oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

azoxymethane
<chemical> A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Diazene, dimethyl-, 1-oxide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

AZT
<drug> A nucleoside analogue used to slow replication of HIV AZT is approved for the initial treatment of HIV infection. ... AZT is increasingly administered in combination with other antiviral drugs, especially 3TC (a combination that is under consideration by the FDA as another initial treatment regimen for HIV) as well as ddC (an FDA-approv …

Aztec ear
An auricle with the lobule absent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aztobacter
<bacteria> Aztobacter is a species of large, oval, aerobic Gram-negative bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen if they have an energy source (often a carbohydrate) available. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aztreonam
<chemical> A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms. ... Pharmacological action: monobactams. ... Chemical name: P …

azul
Synonym: pinta. ... Origin: Sp. Blue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AZUR
<abbreviation> 6-azauridine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure
Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue colour of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless. ... <chemical> Azure stone, the lapis lazuli; also, the lazulite. ... Origin: F. & OSp. Azur, Sp. Azul, through Ar. From Per. Lajaward, or lajuward, lapis lazuli, a blue colour, lajawardi, lajuwardi, azure, cerulean, the initial l having been dropped …