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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

axilla
<anatomy> The underarm area. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

axilla thermometer
Thermometer used by placing it in the armpit, with arm held closely to the side. ... Synonym: axillary thermometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary
<biology> Located or growing from an axil. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axillary anaesthesia
Loss of sensation in the distal two-thirds of the upper extremity following injection of a local anaesthetic solution about the nerve trunks in the axilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary arch
Synonym for pectorodorsalis muscle ... <anatomy> An anomalous muscle or tendinus slip that passes across the axilla from the pectoralis major to insert with the latissimus dorsi onto the humerus. Though to be a vestige of the panniculus carnosus muscle of lower mammals. ... Synonym: axillary arch muscle, axillary arch, pectorodorsal muscle. ... …

axillary arch muscle
Synonym for pectorodorsalis muscle ... <anatomy> An anomalous muscle or tendinus slip that passes across the axilla from the pectoralis major to insert with the latissimus dorsi onto the humerus. Though to be a vestige of the panniculus carnosus muscle of lower mammals. ... Synonym: axillary arch muscle, axillary arch, pectorodorsal muscle. ... …

axillary artery
<anatomy, artery> The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and shoulder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

axillary cavity
Synonym for axilla ... <anatomy> The underarm area. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

axillary dissection
<procedure, surgery> Surgical removal of lymph nodes from the armpit. This tissue is then sent to the pathologist to determine if the breast cancer has spread outside of the breast. ... The number of nodes dissected varies during surgery. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

axillary fascia
The fascia that forms the floor of the axilla. It is continuous with the pectoral and clavipectoral fascia anteriorly, with the brachial fascia laterally, and with the fascia of the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles posteriorly and medially. ... Synonym: fascia axillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary fold
One of the folds of skin and muscular tissue bounding the axilla anteriorly and posteriorly. ... Synonym: plica axillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary fossa
Synonym for axilla ... <anatomy> The underarm area. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

axillary glands
Synonym for axillary lymph nodes ... Numerous nodes around the axillary veins which receive the lymphatic drainage from the upper limb, scapular region and pectoral region (including mammary gland); they drain into the subclavian trunk. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici axillares, axillary glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary hair
Hair of the armpit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary line
See: anterior axillary line, midaxillary line, posterior axillary line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary lymph nodes
Numerous nodes around the axillary veins which receive the lymphatic drainage from the upper limb, scapular region and pectoral region (including mammary gland); they drain into the subclavian trunk. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici axillares, axillary glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla, passes laterally and posteriorly through quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex artery, winding round the surgical neck of the humerus to supply the deltoid and teres minor muscles, terminating as the superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve. ... S …

axillary nerve injury
<neurology> A condition involving dysfunction of the axillary nerve which normally supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles and sensation to the lateral aspect of the shoulder. ... This condition is a type of peripheral neuropathy that may manifest as the result of a variety of disease processes or injuries. Conditions associated with axil …

axillary neuropathy
<neurology, pathology> A condition involving dysfunction of the axillary nerve which normally supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles and sensation to the lateral aspect of the shoulder. This condition is a type of peripheral neuropathy that may manifest as the result of a variety of disease processes or injuries. Conditions associated w …

axillary node
<anatomy> The lymph nodes in the axilla (underarm) that are cut out and examined during surgery to see if the cancer has spread past the breast. The number of nodes in this area varies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

axillary plexus
A lymphatic plexus formed of the lymph nodes, with their afferent and efferent vessels, in the axilla. ... Synonym: plexus axillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary region
The region of the axilla, including the axillary fossa. ... Synonym: regio axillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary sheath
Fibrous neurovascular sheath, formed as an extension of the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia through the cervicoaxillary canal, which enclosed the first part of the axillary artery, the axillary vein, and the brachial plexus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary space
Synonym for axilla ... <anatomy> The underarm area. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

axillary sweat glands
Synonym for apocrine sweat glands ... Sudoriferous glands that develop in association with hair follicles and undergo enlargement and secretory development at puberty; they secrete a viscous and odourless sweat that supports the growth of bacteria leading to an acrid odour; secretion is by an eccrine, not apocrine, mechanism. ... Synonym: axillary sw …

axillary thermometer
Synonym for axilla thermometer ... Thermometer used by placing it in the armpit, with arm held closely to the side. ... Synonym: axillary thermometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary triangle
A triangular area embracing the medial aspect of the arm, the axilla, and the pectoral region which is one of the seats of predilection for the petechial initial rash of smallpox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axillary vein
<anatomy, vein> The venous trunk of the upper limb; a continuation of the basilar and brachial veins running from the lower border of the teres major muscle to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the subclavian vein. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

axinomancy
A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet. ... Origin: L. Axinomantia. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axio-
An axis. ... Origin: L. Axis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axio-occlusal
Pertaining to the line angle formed by the junction of the axial and occlusal walls of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiobuccal
Referring to the junction of the axial and buccal planes of a tooth, usually a line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiobuccogingival
Referring to the junction of the axial, buccal and gingival planes of teeth; usually a point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axioincisal
Referring to the line angle formed by the junction of the incisal edge and axial walls of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolabial
Referring to the line angle of a cavity formed by the junction of the axial and the labial walls of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolabiolingual
Referring to a section from labial to lingual along the longitudinal axis of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolabiolingual plane
A plane parallel to the long axis of a tooth and extending in a labiolingual direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolingual
Referring to the line angle of a cavity formed by the junction of an axial and a lingual wall of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolinguocervical
Referring to the point angle formed by the junction of an axial, lingual, and cervical (gingival) wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolinguoclusal
Referring to the point angle formed by the junction of an axial, lingual, and occlusal wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiolinguogingival
Referring to the point angle formed by the junction of an axial, lingual, and gingival (cervical) wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiom
1. <logic> A self-evident and necessary truth, or a proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition which it is necessary to take for granted; as, 'The whole is greater than a part;' 'A thing can not, at the same time, be and not be.' ... 2. An established principle in …

axiomatic
Synonym for axiomatical ... Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom; self-evident; characterised by axioms. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axiomatical
Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom; self-evident; characterised by axioms. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axiomesial
Referring to the line angle of a tooth cavity formed by the junction of an axial and a mesial wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiomesiocervical
Referring to the point angle formed by the junction of an axial, mesial, and cervical (gingival) wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiomesiodistal
See: axiomesiodistal plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiomesiodistal plane
A plane parallel to the long axes of the teeth and extending in a mesiodistal direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiomesiogingival
Referring to the point angle formed by an axial, mesial, and gingival (cervical) wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiomesioincisal
Referring to the point angle formed by the junction of an axial, mesial, and incisal wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axion
The brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal axis). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axioplasm
Synonym for axoplasm ... <cell biology> The cytoplasm of a neuron. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axiopodium
Synonym for axopodium ... A permanent pseudopodium containing a stiff axial filament of differentiated protoplasm. ... Synonym: axiopodium. ... Origin: Mod. L., fr. L. Axis + G. Podion, dim. Of pous (pod-), foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiopulpal
Referring to the line angle formed by the junction of an axial and pulpal wall of a tooth cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axioversion
Abnormal inclination of the long axis of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axipetal
Synonym: centripetal. ... Origin: L. Axis + peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axiramificate
Denoting a nerve cell whose axon, usually short, breaks up into many branches, e.g., Golgi's type II cells. ... Origin: G. Axon, axis + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis
<botany> A stem, commonly used for the main stem of a whole plant or of an inflorescence. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

axis bulbi externus
Synonym for external axis of eye ... That part of the optic axis from the midpoint of anterior surface of the cornea to the posterior surface of the posterior pole of the external surface of the sclera. ... Synonym: axis bulbi externus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis bulbi internus
Synonym for internal axis of eye ... <anatomy> That part of the optic axis from the midpoint of the posterior surface of the cornea to the anterior surface of the retina opposite the posterior pole. ... Synonym: axis bulbi internus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis corpuscle
Axile corpuscle, the central portion of a tactile corpuscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis cylinder
An obsolete term for axon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis deviation
Deflection of the electrical axis of the heart to the right or left of the normal. ... See: left axis deviation, right axis deviation, axis. ... Synonym: axis shift. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis fracture
<radiology> Incidence: 6% of cervical spine injuries, associated with atlas fractures in 8%, hyperflexion injury: odontoid fracture, type I avulsion of tip of odontoid (5-8%) difficult to detect, type II fracture through base of dens (54-67%) complication: nonunion, type III subdental injury (30-33%) prognosis: good, Differential diagnosis: o …

axis lentis
Synonym for axis of lens ... A line connecting the anterior and posterior poles of the lens of the eye. ... Synonym: axis lentis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis ligament of malleus
Synonym for Helmholtz' axis ligament ... <anatomy> A ligament forming the axis about which the malleus rotates; it consists of two portions extending from the anterior and the posterior border, respectively, of the tympanic notch to the malleus. ... Synonym: axis ligament of malleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis of lens
A line connecting the anterior and posterior poles of the lens of the eye. ... Synonym: axis lentis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis of symmetry
An axis through a particle (e.g., a virus) on such a plane that, if the particle is rotated on the axis, there are two or more positions at which the particle appears identical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis opticus
Synonym for optic axis ... The axis of the eye connecting the anterior and posterior poles; it usually diverges from the visual axis by five degrees or more. ... Synonym: axis opticus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis pelvis
Synonym for pelvic axis ... A hypothetical curved line joining the centre point of each of the four planes of the pelvis, marking the centre of the pelvic cavity at every level. ... Synonym: axis pelvis, plane of pelvic canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis shift
Synonym for axis deviation ... Deflection of the electrical axis of the heart to the right or left of the normal. ... See: left axis deviation, right axis deviation, axis. ... Synonym: axis shift. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis traction
Rarely used procedure to apply traction upon the foetal head in the line of the birth canal by means of axis traction forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis-traction forceps
Obstetrical forceps provided with a second handle so attached that traction can be made in the line in which the head must move in the axis of the pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axis, crystallographic
<microscopy> One of several imaginary lines assumed in describing the positions of the planes by which a crystal is bounded, the positions of the atoms in the structure of the crystal and the directions associated with vectorial and tensorial physical properties. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

axis, optic
<microscopy> The direction, or directions in an anisotropic crystal along which light is not doubly refracted. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

axis, optical
<microscopy> Usually refers to the axis on which several principal lens axes may lie. It also refers to the axis of the eye which extends through the centre of the eye lens. ... The line formed by the coinciding principal axes of a series of optical elements comprising an optical system. It is the line passing through the centres of curvature …

axis, principal
<microscopy> A line conceived as passing through the centre of a lens to connect the centres of curvature of the lens surfaces. The focal points of a lens lie on the principal axis. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

axisymmetry
<radiobiology> Geometric property of a system which is symmetric about an axis of rotation. For example: an ideal circular torus is symmetric about the axis running through the centre of the torus (like the axle of a wheel). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

axo-
Axis; axion. ... Origin: G. Axon, axis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axoaxonic
Relating to synaptic contact between the axon of one nerve cell and that of another. ... See: synapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axoaxonic synapse
The synaptic junction between an axon terminal of one neuron and either the initial axon segment or an axon terminal of another nerve cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axodendritic
Pertaining to the synaptic relationship of an axon with a dendrite of another neuron. ... See: synapse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axodendritic synapse
The synaptic contact between an axon terminal of one nerve cell and a dendrite of another nerve cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axofugal
Synonym: axifugal. ... Origin: axo-+ L. Fugio, to flee ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axograph
A device for recording scales or axes of predetermined magnitude on kymographic records. ... Origin: axo-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axokinin
<protein> Axonemal protein (56 kD) that, when phosphorylated by a cAMP dependant protein kinase, reactivates the axoneme. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

axolemma
<cell biology> Plasma membrane of an axon. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axolotl
<zoology> Ambystoma mexicanum, a type of salamander native to Mexico and the Western United States which spends all of its life underwater. ... Even as an adult animal, the axolotl retains many larval features, most notably its external gills: as a result the axolotl is an excellent example of the phenomenon of neoteny. The axolotl also has fo …

axolysis
Destruction or dissolution of a nerve axon. ... Origin: axo-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axon
<cell biology> A long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. ... Each nerve cell has one axon, which can be over a foot long. A nerve cell communicates with another nerve cell by transmitting signals from the branches at the end of its axon. At the terminal end of the ax …

axon degeneration
Synonym for axonal degeneration ... A type of peripheral nerve fibre response to insult, wherein axon death and subsequent breakdown occurs, with secondary breakdown of the myelin sheath associated; caused by focal injury to peripheral nerve fibres; often referred to as wallerian degeneration. ... Synonym: axon degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axon hillock
<cell biology> Tapering region between a neuron's cell body and its axon. This region is responsible for summating the graded inputs from the dendrites and producing action potentials if the threshold is exceeded. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axon loss polyneuropathy
A type of polyneuropathy in which axon degeneration is the sole/predominant feature; many aetiologies, particularly toxic and metabolic; on nerve conduction studies, affects amplitudes of the responses, but does not cause conduction slowing or block. ... Synonym: axonal polyneuropathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axon reflex
An effect brought about by the passage of the nerve impulses from a sensory ending to the effector organ along divisions of the nerve fibre without traversing a synapse, e.g., as in the vasodilation resulting from stimulation of the skin or the irritation of the conjunctiva; the reaction occurs even when the nerve fibre has been sectioned and thus …

axon terminals
The somewhat enlarged, often club-shaped endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells (muscle or gland cells). As isolated, by homogenizing brain or spinal cord, they contain acetylcholine and the related enzymes. Terminals contain neurotransmitters of various kinds, sometimes more than one. These can …

axonal
Pertaining to an axon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axonal degeneration
A type of peripheral nerve fibre response to insult, wherein axon death and subsequent breakdown occurs, with secondary breakdown of the myelin sheath associated; caused by focal injury to peripheral nerve fibres; often referred to as wallerian degeneration. ... Synonym: axon degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axonal guidance
<cell biology> General term for mechanisms that ensure correct projections by nerve cells in developing and regenerating nervous systems. Implies accurate navigation by growth cones, the highly motile tips of growing neuronal processes. ... See: growth cone collapse. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

axonal polyneuropathy
Synonym for axon loss polyneuropathy ... A type of polyneuropathy in which axon degeneration is the sole/predominant feature; many aetiologies, particularly toxic and metabolic; on nerve conduction studies, affects amplitudes of the responses, but does not cause conduction slowing or block. ... Synonym: axonal polyneuropathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

axonal process
An obsolete term for axon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...