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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

azure A
C14H14N3SCl; asymmetrical dimethylthionine chloride;a blue dye used as a component of MacNeal's tetrachrome blood stain and of Romanowsky-type blood stains; also used as a stain for mucins, nucleic acids, and mast cell granules; gives a metachromatic violet to red colour to highly acidic substances in tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure B
C15H16N3SCl; trimethylthionine chloride;a blue dye used like azure A; also as azure B bromide to give metachromatic staining of RNA and DNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure C
C13H12N3SCl; monomethylthione chloride;a blue-violet thiazin dye used in the metachromatic staining of mucins and cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure I
A mixture of azure A and B. ... Synonym: methylene azure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure II
A mixture of azure I and methylene blue; the eosinate, azure II-eosin, is the principal ingredient of Giemsa stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure lunula of nails
Bluish nonblanching discoloration of the lunulae of all the fingernails in hepatolenticular degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azure stains
Green crystals or powder used as biological stains. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azuresin
A complex of azure A and carbacrylic resin; used as an indicator for the detection of gastric achlorhydria without intubation. ... Synonym: quinine carbacrylic resin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azurin
1. <protein> Blue copper containing protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ... 2. Histochemical dye. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

azurophil
Staining readily with an azure dye, denoting especially the hyperchromatin and reddish purple granules of certain blood cells. ... Origin: azure + G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azurophil granule
<cell biology> Primary lysosomal granules found in neutrophil granulocytes, contain a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes. ... Sometimes referred to as primary granules to distinguish them from the specific or secondary granules. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

azurophilia
A condition in which the blood contains cells having azurophil granulations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygoesophageal recess
The region below the azygos vein arch in which the right lung intrudes into the mediastinum between the heart and vertebral column, bordered on the left by the oesophagus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygogram
Radiographic demonstration of the azygos venous system after injection of contrast medium. ... Origin: azygos + G. Gramma, a writing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygography
Radiography of the azygos venous system after injection of contrast medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygos
1. An unpaired (azygous) anatomical structure. ... Synonym: azygos vein. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + zygon, a yoke ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygos artery of vagina
One of two artery's that run longitudinally in the midline on the anterior and posterior aspects of the vagina; they take origin from the uterine artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygos continuation
(of the inferior vena cava), a congenital anomaly in which the infrahepatic portion of the vena cava fails to form, and venous drainage of the lower body is maintained through a persistent right supracardinal vein, which becomes a large azygos vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygos fissure
The four-layered pleural fold that separates the lobus azygos from the rest of the right upper lobe of the lung, seen as an oblique line pointing downward toward the mediastinal shadow in the upper right lung field on a chest radiograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygos lobe of lung
A small accessory lobe sometimes found on the apex of the right lung; separated from the rest of the upper lobe by a deep groove lodging the azygos vein. ... Synonym: lobus azygos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygos pseudo-lobe
<radiology> Not a true lobe, does not have separate broncus or vasculature, due to invagination of azygos vein into RUL, no clinical significance ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azygos vein
<anatomy, vein> A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

azygos vein principle
A principle based on the observation that animals can survive prolonged vena caval occlusion without sequelae: if blood from the azygos vein alone is permitted to enter the heart, patients are perfused during cardiac and pulmonary bypass at flows much less than the normal resting cardiac output. ... Synonym: low flow principle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

azygous
<zoology> Odd; having no fellow; not one of a pair; single; as, the azygous muscle of the uvula. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

b and t cell count
A test that measures the respective quantities of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. This test is often performed in the analysis of an immune deficiency disorder. Normal values include: 68 to 75% of total lymphocytes are T lymphocytes and 10 to 20% are B lymphocytes. ... Increased T-cell counts can indicate infectious mononucleosis, acute lymphocytic …

b c1 complex
<biochemistry> A part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain that accepts electrons from ubiquinone and passes them on to cytochrome C. The b/c1 complex consists of 2 cytochromes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

B chain
A polypeptide component of insulin containing 30 amino acyl residues, beginning with a phenylalanyl residue (NH2-terminus); insulin is formed by the linkage of a B chain to an A chain by two disulfide bonds; the amino-acid composition of the B chain is a function of species. ... Synonym: phenylalanyl chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B chromosome
<genetics> Small acentric chromosome, part of the normal genome of some races and species of plants. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

B fibres
Myelinated fibre's autonomic nerves, with a diameter of 2 um or less, conducting at a rate of 3 to 15 m/sec. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b galactosidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes the beta galactoside linkage in lactose-producing glucose and galactose; also hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate IPTG (isopropylthiogalactoside) and thus is used as an indicator of fused genes and gene expression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b haemolysin
See: b haemolysis. ... Bacterial haemolysin, any haemolytic agent elaborated by various species of bacteria, or by certain strains within a species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b haemolysis
Complete or 'true' haemolysis observed in blood agar cultures of various bacteria, especially haemolytic streptococci and staphylococci; virtually all of the erythrocytes are destroyed in a relatively wide, regularly circumscribed, circular zone about the colony, thereby resulting in a clear 'halo' of transparent agar; the zone of haemolysis is fre …

B lymphocyte
<haematology, immunology> An immunologically important lymphocyte, produced by the bone marrow, that is responsible for the production of immunoglobulins, it is the precursor of the plasma cell. ... The surface markers can be used to detect and differentiate chronic lymphocytic leukaemia from acute lymphocytic leukaemia. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

b phage
b corynebacteriophage ...

B virus
A herpesvirus, in the family Herpesviridae, affecting Old World monkeys, that is very similar morphologically to herpes simplex virus; fatal infection may occur in humans following the bite of an infected monkey, although other modes of transmission have also been documented. ... Synonym: monkey B virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B-cell
<haematology, immunology> A type of lymphocyte normally involved in the production of antibodies to combat infection. It is a precursor to a plasma cell. During infections, individual B-cell clones multiply and are transformed into plasma cells, which produce large amounts of antibodies against a particular antigen on a foreign microbe. This …

B-cell antigen receptors
In the primary immune response immunoglobulin D and monomeric immunoglobulin M are the B-cell antigen receptors. On memory B-cells, other immunoglobulin molecules can serve as antigen receptors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B-cell differentiating factor
Synonym for interleukin-4 ... <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. ... Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast c …

B-cell leukaemia
A test which detects the presence of antigens on the surface of B lymphocytes. These antigens can indicate the presence of leukaemia. most often this is used to detect and differentiate chronic lymphocytic leukaemia from acute lymphocytic leukaemia. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

B-cell stimulatory factor 2
Synonym for interleukin-6 ... <cytokine> A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. ... It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. A single chain 25 kD cytokine originally described as a pre B-cell growth fact …

B-cells
A type of white blood cell. Many B-cells mature into plasma cells, which can produce antibody proteins necessary to fight off infections, such as viruses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

b-complex vitamin
<biochemistry> A group of vitamins that includes: B1(thiamin), B2 riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6(pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin) and folate. ... (24 Mar 1998) ...

B-E amputation
Acronym for below-the-elbow amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B-K amputation
Acronym for below-the-knee amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b-lymphocyte subsets
A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

B-lymphocytes
Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

B-mode
A two-dimensional diagnostic ultrasound presentation of echo-producing interfaces in a single plane; the intensity of the echo is represented by modulation of the brightness (B) of the spot, and the position of the echo is determined from the position of the transducer and the transit time of the acoustical pulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B-mode echocardiography
two-dimensional echocardiography ...

B-P fistula
Synonym for bronchopleural fistula ... Communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity; usually caused by necrotizing pneumonia or empyema; also may follow pulmonary surgery or irradiation. ... Synonym: B-P fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b1-lipoprotein
A lipoprotein fraction of relatively high molecular weight, low density, rich in cholesterol, and found in the beta-globulin fraction of human plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B19 virus
A human parvovirus associated with arthritis and arthralgia and a number of specific clinical entities, including erythema infectiosum and aplastic crisis in the presence of haemolytic anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b1C globulin
The third component (C3) of complement. ... See: component of complement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b1E globulin
The fourth component (C4) of complement. ... See: component of complement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

b1F globulin
The fifth component (C5) of complement. ... See: component of complement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

B2 protease
<enzyme> Isolated from benign strain of dichelobacter nodosus; differs from v2 protease by a single amino acid at position 219 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: aprb2 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

b2-glycoprotein II
Synonym for properdin factor b ... <enzyme> A glycine-rich, heat-labile beta-glycoprotein found in blood. It is a proactivator of complement 3 in the alternate pathway of complement activation. Factor b is converted by factor d to c3 convertase. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.47 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

B6 bronchus sign
In lung radiology, appearance of an air bronchogram of the superior segmental bronchus of the lower lobe because of segmental atelectasis or consolidation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ba
Symbol for barium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babbitt metal
An alloy of antimony, copper, and tin; used occasionally in dentistry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babbitt, Isaac
<person> U.S. Inventor, 1799-1862. ... See: Babbitt metal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

babble
1. To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter inarticulate sounds; as a child babbles. ... 2. To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning words. ... 3. To talk much; to chatter; to prate. ... 4. To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow water running over stones. 'In every babbling he finds a friend.' (Wordsworth) ... Hounds are said t …

Babcock tube
A tube in which milk, after treatment with sulfuric acid, is centrifuged and its fat content then determined in a graduated neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babcock, Stephen
<person> U.S. Chemist, 1843-1931. ... See: Babcock tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babes-Ernst bodies
Intracellular granules, present in many species of bacteria, which possess a strong affinity for nuclear stains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babes-Ernst granule
<microbiology> Metachromatic intracellular deposits of polyphosphate found in Corynebacterium diphtheriae when the bacteria are grown on sub optimal media. ... The granules stain reddish with methylene blue or toluidine blue. ... (02 Jan 1998) ...

Babes, Victor
<person> Roumanian bacteriologist, 1854-1926. ... See: Babesia, Babes' nodes, Babes-Ernst bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babes' nodes
Collections of lymphocytes in the central nervous system found in rabies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

babesia
A genus of tick-borne protozoan parasites that infests the red blood cells of mammals, including humans. There are many recognised species, and the distribution is world-wide. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Babesia argentina
Synonym for babesia bovis ... A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks of the genera boophilus, rhipicephalus, and ixodes are the chief vectors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Babesia berbera
Synonym for babesia bovis ... A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks of the genera boophilus, rhipicephalus, and ixodes are the chief vectors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Babesia bigemina
Species that is a cause of bovine babesiosis, transmitted by Boophilus ticks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

babesia bovis
A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks of the genera boophilus, rhipicephalus, and ixodes are the chief vectors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Babesia caballi
Species that is a cause of equine babesiosis in many parts of the world, including the southeastern U.S.; vector ticks are species of Dermacentor, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babesia canis
Species found in dogs, wolves, and jackals in many tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa; it is most pathogenic in dogs, causing mild to severe canine babesiosis, the severest disease occurring in dogs imported into areas where the disease is enzootic; the most important vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus. ... (05 …

Babesia divergens
Commonest species of Babesia in western and central Europe, causing a disease of cattle similar to that produced by Babesia bovis; vector tick is Ixodes ricinus; it has caused human babesiosis in splenectomised individuals in France, Ireland, Scotland, Croatia, Georgia, a part of the former Soviet Union, and Sweden; also found in reindeer. ... (05 M …

Babesia equi
Species that occurs in horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras; it has a geographic distribution similar to that of Babesia caballi, but is smaller and more pathogenic, causing equine babesiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babesia felis
Species found in domestic and wild members of the cat family, chiefly in Africa and India, causing babesiosis less severe than that caused by Babesia canis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babesia gibsoni
Species that infects dogs, wolves, and jackals, chiefly in India, Sri Lanka, and China, and is smaller than Babesia canis; only slightly pathogenic for the natural host, the jackal, but highly pathogenic in the dog. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babesia microti
A malaria-like protozoan naturally parasitizing certain rodents (Peromyscus and Microtus spp.) in North America; a number of human cases have been reported from Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard islands and nearby coastal New England. The local tick vector is Ixodes dammini, whose numbers and infection levels have greatly increased in recent years wi …

Babesia motasi
Species that causes acute or chronic disease of sheep and goats in southern Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the area formerly known as the U.S.S.R., and other areas; transmitted by ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis, and Dermacentor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babesia ovis
Species described from sheep and goats in many tropical and subtropical areas of the eastern hemisphere as a cause of icterohematuria; it is smaller and less pathogenic than Babesia motasi, and immunologically distinct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babesia trautmanni
Species that causes mild or fatal babesiosis in pigs in southern Europe, the area formerly known as the U.S.S.R., and Africa; the vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

babesiasis
<microbiology> A parasitic disease affecting mammals which is caused by protozoa from the genus Babesia of the order Piroplasmida and is transmitted by ticks. The Babesia protozoa feed on the blood of mammals. ... Symptoms include high fever, anaemia, and red urine (haemoglobinuria). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Babesiidae
A family of protozoan parasites (class Sporozoea, order Piroplasmida) occurring in the red blood cells of various mammals. The organisms are piriform, round, or oval in shape and reproduce by schizogony to form tetrads or by binary fission to form pairs in the red blood cells; transmission is effected by ticks. The family includes the genera Babesi …

babesiosis
<microbiology> A rare, often severe (and sometimes fatal) illness in man that is caused by infection with the protozoal organism, Babesia microti. ... The disease, transmitted by ticks, occurs mostly in the Northeastern United States. The protozoan invades red blood cells causing fever, chills, sweats, joint pains, nausea, vomiting and red blo …

babingtonite
<chemical> A mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene in angle, and of a greenish black colour. It is a silicate of iron, manganese, and lime. ... Origin: From Dr. Babbington. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

Babinski reflex
Synonym for Babinski's sign ... <clinical sign> Extension of the great toe and abduction of the other toes instead of the normal flexion reflex to plantar stimulation, considered indicative of pyramidal tract involvement ('positive' Babinski). ... Synonym: Babinski reflex, Babinski's phenomenon, great-toe reflex, paradoxical extensor reflex, to …

Babinski, Joseph
<person> French neurologist, 1857-1932. ... See: Babinski's phenomenon, Babinski's sign, Babinski reflex, Babinski's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Babinski's phenomenon
Synonym for Babinski's sign ... <clinical sign> Extension of the great toe and abduction of the other toes instead of the normal flexion reflex to plantar stimulation, considered indicative of pyramidal tract involvement ('positive' Babinski). ... Synonym: Babinski reflex, Babinski's phenomenon, great-toe reflex, paradoxical extensor reflex, to …

Babinski's sign
<clinical sign> Extension of the great toe and abduction of the other toes instead of the normal flexion reflex to plantar stimulation, considered indicative of pyramidal tract involvement ('positive' Babinski). ... Synonym: Babinski reflex, Babinski's phenomenon, great-toe reflex, paradoxical extensor reflex, toe phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

Babinski's syndrome
<syndrome> The combination of cardiac, arterial, and central nervous system manifestations of late syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

babirussa
<zoology> A large hoglike quadruped (Sus, or Porcus, babirussa) of the East Indies, sometimes domesticated; the Indian hog. Its upper canine teeth or tusks are large and recurved. ... Origin: F. Babiroussa, fr.Malay babi hog + rsa deer ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

baboon
<zoology> One of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera Cynocephalus and Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons have dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are mostly African. See Mandrill, and Chacma, and Drill an ape. ... Origin: OE. Babewin, baboin, fr.F. Babouin, or LL. …

baby
1. An infant or young child of either sex; a babe. ... 2. A small image of an infant; a doll. Babies in the eyes, the minute reflection which one sees of one's self in the eyes of another. ... 'She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses, Toyed with his locks, looked babies in his eyes.' (Heywood) ... Origin: Dim. Of babe. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

baby bottle syndrome
Synonym for nursing bottle caries ... Rampant caries of the primary dentition associated with the habitual use, after age 1, of a baby bottle as an aid for sleeping. ... Synonym: baby bottle syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baby tooth
Synonym for deciduous tooth ... A tooth of the first set of teeth, comprising 20 in all, that erupts between the mean ages of 6 and 28 months of life. ... Synonym: dens deciduus, baby tooth, deciduous dentition, dens lacteus, first dentition, milk tooth, primary dentition, primary tooth, temporary tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baby, foetal alcohol syndrome
<syndrome> Alcohol is capable of causing birth defects. FAS (foetal alcohol syndrome) always involves brain damage. And impaired growth. FAS also always involves head and face abnormalities. No amount of alcohol has been proven safe during pregnancy. Women who are or may become pregnant are advised to avoid alcohol. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacampicillin hydrochloride
1-(Ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl(6R)-6-(alpha-d-phenylglycylamino)penicillanate hydrochloride;a semisynthetic penicillin with the same activity and uses as ampicillin, but better absorbed on oral administration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baccate
<plant biology> Berry-like, of seeds, having a succulent or pulpy testa, of fruits, having the seeds embedded in pulp. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Baccelli, Guido
<person> Italian physician, 1832-1916. ... See: Baccelli's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...