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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

bacterial chemotaxis
<microbiology> The response of bacteria to gradients of attractants or repellents. In a gradient of attractant the probability of deviating from a smooth forward path is reduced if the bacterium is moving up gradient. ... Since the opposite is true if moving down gradient, the effect is to bias displacement towards the source of attractant. St …

bacterial conjugation
<molecular biology> The process of transferring a certain plasmid of DNA known as the f plasmid (or sex plasmid) from bacteria individuals who have it (known as males) to bacteria individuals who do not already have it (known as females) by way of direct contact between the bacteria individuals called a conjugation bridge. ... Once transfer is …

bacterial conjunctivitis
<pathology> A bacterial infection of a portion of the eye known as the conjunctiva. ... Common symptoms include redness of the eyes with a thick, often coloured purulent discharge. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bacterial cystitis
Bladder inflammation caused by bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial encephalitis
Encephalitis of bacterial aetiology. ... Synonym: encephalitis pyogenica, purulent encephalitis, suppurative encephalitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial endarteritis
Implantation and growth of bacteria with formation of vegetations on the arterial wall, such as may occur in a patent ductus arteriosus or arteriovenous fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial endocarditis
Endocarditis caused by the direct invasion of bacteria and leading to deformity and destruction of the valve leaflets. Two types are acute bacterial endocarditis and subacute bacterial endocarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial endospore
<microbiology> A dormant body which certain Gram-positive bacteria can develop within them under conditions of stress (like lack of nutrients), which is highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions and which can develop into a new, live bacterium once conditions are good again. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacterial flagella
<microbiology> Thin filaments composed of flagellin sub units that are rotated by the basal motor assembly and act as propellors. ... If rotating anticlockwise (as viewed from the flagellar tip) the bacterium moves in a straight path, if clockwise the bacterium tumbles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacterial food poisoning
A term commonly used to refer to conditions limited to enteritis or gastroenteritis (excluding the enteric fevers and the dysenteries) caused by bacterial multiplication per se or by a soluble bacterial exotoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial growth
Growth of a bacterial culture either by increase in cell material or cell number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial infection
<microbiology> Bacteria are group of micro-organisms that are a single cell approximately 1 micron in transverse diameter. Some bacteria cause disease in man, requiring treatment with an antibiotic. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bacterial infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial infections and mycoses
Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial interference
The condition in which colonization by one bacterial strain prevents colonization by another strain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial outer membrane proteins
Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of bacteria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial peliosis
A bacterial infection of haemorrhagic cysts of the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes, seen in immunocompromised persons, caused by Rochalimaea henselae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial pericarditis
Pericarditis produced by bacterial infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial physiology
Physiological processes and activities of bacteria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial plaque
In dentistry, a mass of filamentous microorganisms and large variety of smaller forms attached to the surface of a tooth which, depending on bacterial activity and environmental factors, may give rise to caries, calculus, or inflammatory changes in adjacent tissue. ... Synonym: dental plaque, mucous plaque, mucinous plaque. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial pneumonia
Infection of the lung with any of a large variety of bacteria, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial toxin
Any intracellular or extracellular toxin formed in or elaborated by bacterial cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial transformation
<microbiology> A genetics lab procedure where bacteria are induced to accept and incorporate into their genome foreign pieces of cell-less, isolated DNA, often in the form of a plasmid. ... The DNA to be introduced usually contains a selectable marker so that the bacteria which successfully incorporate the DNA can be selected for. ... (09 Oct 1 …

bacterial translocation
The passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to extra-intestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node complex, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood. Factors that promote bacterial translocation include overgrowth with gram-negative enteric bacilli, impaired host immune defenses, and injury to the intestinal mucosa resulting in inc …

bacterial transposition
<molecular biology> A short sequence of DNA (known as a transposon) which can change location on the bacterial genome (the sum total of all of the bacterium's DNA) and contains genes which code for proteins that enable it to change location. ... They are useful because they can also contain genes for other things, like antibiotic resistance, a …

bacterial typing techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are bacteriophage typing and serotyping as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial vaginitis
<gynaecology> A bacterial infection of the vaginal mucosa resulting in redness, pain and a vaginal discharge with a foul odour. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bacterial vegetations
Lesions of bacterial endocarditis that form anywhere on the endocardium but preferentially on higher pressure and injured areas and particularly valves. They may also appear on arterial intima and in a patent ductus arteriosus and other areas of shunt inside and outside the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial virus
<microbiology, virology> A virus which infects bacteria and is usually species-specific. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacterial wilt disease
<botany> A plant disease common in cucumber and muskmelon caused by the bacteria Erwinia tracheiphila which causes wilting and shriveling of the stems and leaves. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bactericholia
Bacteria in bile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bactericidal
Synonym for bacteriocidal ... <pharmacology> Capable of killing bacteria. Some antibiotics are either bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic in their action. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bactericide
Synonym for bacteriocide ... <pharmacology> A substance that kills bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacterid
1. A recurrent or persistent eruption of discrete sterile pustules of the palms and soles, thought to be an allergic response to infection at a remote site. ... 2. A dissemination of a previously localised bacterial skin infection. ... Origin: bacteria + -id ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterin
<virology> A vaccine composed of weakened or dead bacteria which will cause the body to create antibodies against the disease normally caused by the bacteria in the vaccine. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacterio-
Bacteri- ... Bacteria. ... Origin: see bacterium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterioagglutinin
An antibody that agglutinates bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriochlorin
7,8,17,18-Tetrahydroporphyrin;the basic structure of the bacteriochlorophylls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriochlorophyll
<microbiology, plant biology> Varieties of chlorophyll (bacteriochlorophylls a, b, c, d, e and g) found in photosynthetic bacteria and differing from plant chlorophyll in the substituents around the tetrapyrrole nucleus of the molecule and in the absorption spectra. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacteriochlorophyll a synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses esterification of bacteriochlorophyllide with phytol; isolated from e. Coli ... Registry number: EC 6.1.- ... Synonym: bchg gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bacteriochlorophylls
Photosynthetic pigments in which pyrrole ring II is more reduced than in plant chlorophylls. Different photosynthetic bacteria have different species of bacteriochlorophyll. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriocidal
<pharmacology> Capable of killing bacteria. Some antibiotics are either bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic in their action. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bacteriocide
<pharmacology> A substance that kills bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacteriocidin
Antibody having bactericidal activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriocin
<cell biology, microbiology> A substance that certain bacteria can release which kills closely-related strains of other bacteria, but without rupturing their cell membranes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriocin factors
Synonym for bacteriocinogenic plasmids ... Bacterial plasmid's responsible for the elaboration of bacteriocins. ... Synonym: bacteriocin factors, bacteriocinogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriocinogen
<molecular biology> A plasmid, or ring of DNA, found in certain bacteria which controls the production of bacteriocin, a substance that the bacteria can use to kill closely-related strains of other bacteria without rupturing their cell membranes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriocinogenic plasmids
Bacterial plasmid's responsible for the elaboration of bacteriocins. ... Synonym: bacteriocin factors, bacteriocinogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriocinogens
Synonym for bacteriocinogenic plasmids ... Bacterial plasmid's responsible for the elaboration of bacteriocins. ... Synonym: bacteriocin factors, bacteriocinogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriocins
<molecular biology> Exotoxins, often plasmid coded, produced by bacteria and which kill other bacteria not eukaryotic cells). Colicins are produced by about 40% of E. Coli strains: colicin E2 is a DNA ase, colicin E3 an RNA ase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacterioclasis
Fragmentation of bacteria, as in the Twort phenomenon. ... Origin: bacterio-+ G. Klasis, a breaking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriocyte
<pathology> A modified fat cell found in certain insects which contain groups of rod-shaped objects thought to be symbiotic bacteria. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriofluorescin
A fluorescent material produced by bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriogenic
<pathology> Something that bacteria have produced or caused. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriogenic agglutination
The clumping of erythrocytes as a result of effects of bacteria or their products. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriogenous
1. Producing bacteria. ... 2. Of bacterial origin or causation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterioid
Something which looks like a bacterium. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriologic
Bacteriological ... Relating to bacteria or to bacteriology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriological
<microbiology> Pertaining to bacteriology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacteriological warfare
<microbiology> Use of harmful bacteria by the military as weapons against the enemy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriology
<study> The study of a group of single-celled procaryotic organisms called bacteria. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriolysin
Specific antibody that combines with bacterial cells (i.e., antigen) and, in the presence of complement, causes lysis or dissolution of the cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriolysis
Disruption of the structural integrity of a bacterial cell resulting in release of the cell contents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriolytic
Pertaining to lytic destruction of bacteria; manifesting the ability to cause dissolution of bacterial cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriolytic serum
An antiserum (bacteriolysin) that sensitises a bacterium to the lytic action of complement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriolyze
To cause the digestion or solution of bacterial cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriopexy
Immobilization of bacteria by phagocytic cells. ... Origin: bacterio-+ G. Pexis, fixation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophaeophytin b
<microbiology> One of the components of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centre. (See ubiquinone.) ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacteriophage
<microbiology, virology> Viruses that have a specific affinity for and infect bacteria. ... The bacteriophages that attack Escherichia coli are termed coliphages, examples of these are lambda phage and the T even phages, T2, T4 and T6. Basically, phages consist of a protein coat or capsid enclosing the genetic material, DNA or RNA, that is inj …

bacteriophage 2 depolymerase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes glycolipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides; releases aminosugars ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: phage 2 depolymerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bacteriophage immunity
The state induced in a bacterium by lysogenization, the lysogenic bacterium being insusceptible to further lysogenization or to a lytic cycle by a superinfecting bacteriophage, in contradistinction to bacteriophage resistance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophage lambda
<microbiology, virology> A bacteriophage, or virus which infects bacteria, that infects E. Coli. It has a complex set of regulatory mechanisms to determine whether it will quietly insert its DNA into the bacterial genome to become dormant and to be reproduced whenever the bacterium reproduces (to lysogenize), or whether it will hijack the bac …

bacteriophage m13
<microbiology> A bacteriophage (a virus which infects bacteria) that has single-stranded DNA. It is used as a method of obtaining single strands of foreign DNA so that the foreign DNA can be sequenced (that is, the order of its nucleotide bases can be determined). It is also used in procedures to create mutations in vitro (in a test tube rath …

bacteriophage mu
An unassigned species of temperate coliphage, in the family myoviridae, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself at random at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial operon at the site of insertion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage omicron x174
<microbiology> A bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) which has as its genetic material DNA in single strands instead of the usual double strands. The virus is useful to those who study how DNA replicates. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriophage p1
An unassigned species of temperate bacteriophage in the family myoviridae which infects e. Coli. It is the largest of the coliphages and consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage p2
An unassigned species of temperate bacteriophage in the family myoviridae which infects e. Coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA with 19-base sticky ends. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage p22
An unassigned species of temperate bacteriophage in the family podoviridae that infects salmonella species. The genome consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage phi 6
Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus cystovirus that infects pseudomonas species. The virion has a segmented genome consisting of three pieces of doubled-stranded DNA and also contains a unique lipid-containing membrane. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage phi x 174
The type species of the genus microvirus. A prototype of the small virulent DNA coliphages, it is composed of a single strand of supercoiled circular DNA, which on infection, is converted to a double-stranded replicative form by a host enzyme. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage plaque
A clear circular zone in an otherwise confluent growth of bacteria on an agar surface resulting from bacterial lysis by bacterial viruses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophage resistance
Resistance of a bacterial mutant to infection by a bacteriophage to which the parent (wild type) strain is susceptible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophage t3
Bacteriophage in the genus t7-like phages, of the family podoviridae, which is very closely related to bacteriophage t7. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase
<enzyme> Used for the rapid generation of strand-specific RNA molecules that can be used for the identification of genes in hybridization experiments ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... Synonym: t3 RNA polymerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bacteriophage t4
<microbiology> A bacteriophage (a virus which infects bacteria) which uses DNA as its genetic material (some viruses use RNA) and is unusually large. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriophage t7
<microbiology> A bacteriophage (a virus which infects bacteria) that is useful to geneticists because it has a very strong promoter region which strongly encourages transcription of its gene by specific T7 RNA polymerase. ... Geneticists can take the part with the promoter and attach their own genes of interest to it so that they can control t …

bacteriophage typing
A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophages
Viruses whose host is a bacterial cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteriophagia
Synonym for Twort-d'Herelle phenomenon ... The lysis of bacteria by bacteriophage. ... Synonym: bacteriophagia, d'Herelle phenomenon, Twort phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophagology
The study of bacteriophages. ... Synonym: protobiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriopheophorbide
Bacteriophorbin with the side chains found in bacteriochlorophyll, but lacking the phytyl group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriopheophorbin
De-esterfied bacteriopheophorbide, derived from bacteriochlorin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriopheophytin
Bacteriopheophor bide with a phytyl ester on the C-17 propionic residue; bacteriochlorophyll less its magnesium residue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophorbin
Phorbin further saturated by addition of two hydrogens to C-7 and C-8. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriophytoma
<microbiology, oncology> A lesion resembling a tumour that is caused by bacteria. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacterioprotein
One of the albuminous substances, or proteins, within the cells of bacteria; these substances vary in their character and properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriopsonin
An opsonin acting upon bacteria, as distinguished from a haemopsonin which affects red blood corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...