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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Barrett's syndrome
<syndrome> Chronic peptic ulceration of the lower oesophagus, which is lined by columnar epithelium, resembling the mucosa of the gastric cardia, acquired as a result of long-standing chronic oesophagitis; oesophageal stricture with reflux, and adenocarcinoma, also have been reported. ... Synonym: Barrett's oesophagus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

barricade
1. A fortification, made in haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access. ... 2. Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense. 'Such a barricade as would greatly annoy, or absolutely stop, the currents of the atmosp …

barrier
An obstruction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

barrier contraceptive
A mechanical device designed to prevent spermatozoa from penetrating the cervical os; usually used in combination with a spermicidal agent, i.e., vaginal diaphragm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

barrow
A hog, especially. A male hog castrated. ... Origin: OE. Barow, bargh, AS. Bearg, bearh; akin to Icel. Borgr, OHG. Barh, barug, G. Barch. 95. ... 1. A large mound of earth or stones over the remains of the dead; a tumulus. ... 2. <chemical> A heap of rubbish, attle, etc. ... Origin: OE. Bergh, AS. Beorg, beorh, hill, sepulchral mound; akin to G. …

Bart, Bruce
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, *1936. ... See: Bart's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bart's syndrome
<syndrome> A form of epidermolysis bullosa with blistering of the extremities and intertriginous areas, erosions of the mouth, and deformed nails; probably autosomal dominant; there is often spontaneous improvement with no residual scarring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartels, Peter
<person> German scientist in U.S., specializing in optics and computer science, *1929. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Barth, Jean
<person> Strasburg physician, 1806-1877. ... See: Barth's hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Barth's hernia
A loop of intestine between a persistent vitelline duct and the abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin, Casper
<person> Danish anatomist, 1655-1738. ... See: Bartholin's abscess, Bartholin's cyst, Bartholin's cystectomy, Bartholin's duct, Bartholin's gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin, Thomas
<person> Danish anatomist, 1616-1680. ... See: Bartholin's anus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin's abscess
An abscess of the vulvovaginal gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin's anus
Synonym for anus cerebri ... Entrance to the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) from the caudal part of the third ventricle. ... Synonym: aditus ad aqueductum cerebri, Bartholin's anus, opening to cerebral aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin's cyst
A cyst arising from the major vestibular gland or its ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin's cystectomy
<procedure> Removal of a cyst of a major vestibular gland. ... Synonym: vulvovaginal cystectomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin's duct
Synonym for major sublingual duct ... The duct that drains the anterior portion of the sublingual gland; it opens at the sublingual papilla. ... Synonym: ductus sublingualis major, Bartholin's duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartholin's gland
Synonym for greater vestibular gland ... One of two mucoid-secreting tubuloalveolar glands on either side of the lower part of the vagina, the equivalent of the bulbourethral glands in the male; ensheathed with vestibular bulbs by ischiocavernosus muscles. Thus erection and muscle contraction cause secretion into vestibule of vagina. ... Synonym: gla …

bartholin's glands
Paired glands situated on each side of the vaginal orifice. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bartholinitis
Inflammation of a vulvovaginal (Bartholin's) gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartley, Samuel
<person> U.S. Psychologist, *1901. ... See: Brucke-Bartley phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

barton fracture
<radiology> Intra-articular fracture of distal radius, dorsal displacement of separated fragment, due to fall on outstretched hand see: wrist fractures ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Barton, John Rhea
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1794-1871. ... See: Barton's bandage, Barton's forceps, Barton's fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Barton's bandage
A figure-of-8 bandage supporting the mandible below and anteriorly; used in mandibular fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Barton's forceps
An obstetrical forceps with one fixed curved blade and a hinged anterior blade for application to a high transverse head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Barton's fracture
Fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bartonella
A genus of gram-negative bacteria characteristically appearing in chains of several segmenting organisms. It occurs in man and arthropod vectors and is found only in the andes region of south america. This genus is the aetiologic agent of human bartonellosis. The genus rochalimaea, once considered a separate genus, has recently been combined with t …

Bartonella anaemia
Anaemia occurring in infection with Bartonella bacilliformis and characterised by an acute febrile anaemia of rapid onset and high mortality. Occurs in central Andean mountains of northern South America; vector is phlebotomine sandfly, Lutzomyia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartonella bacilliformis
A species found in the blood and epithelial cells of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver in Oroya fever (it is the cause of Oroya fever) and in blood and eruptive elements in verruga peruana; probably also found in sandflies (Phlebotomus verrucarum); known to be established only on the South American continent and perhaps in Central America; it is the t …

bartonella henselae
A species of gram-negative bacteria that is the aetiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis (angiomatosis, bacillary). This organism can also be a cause of cat scratch disease in immunocompetent patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bartonella infections
Infections by the genus bartonella. Bartonella bacilliformis can cause acute febrile anaemia, designated oroya fever, and a benign skin eruption, called verruga peruana. Bartonella quintana causes trench fever, while bartonella henselae is the aetiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis (angiomatosis, bacillary) and is also one of the causes of cat …

bartonella quintana
A species of gram-negative bacteria in which man is the primary host and the human body louse, pediculus humanus, the principal vector. It is the aetiological agent of trench fever. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bartonellaceae
A family of small gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are parasites of erythrocytes in man and other vertebrates and the aetiologic agents of several diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bartonellaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family bartonellaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bartonellosis
A disease, endemic in certain valleys of the Andes in Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia, caused by Bartonella bacilliformis which is transmitted by the bite of the nocturnally biting sandfly, Phlebotomus verrucarum; occurs in three forms: 1) Oroya fever; 2) verruca peruana 3) a combination or sequence of these. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Barts
Nickname of St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London, where haemoglobin Bart's was first isolated from a patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bartter, Frederic
<person> U.S. Physician, 1914-1983. ... See: Bartter's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bartter's disease
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells, producing hypokalaemic alkalosis and hyperaldosteronism, characterised by absence of hypertension in the presence of markedly increased plasma renin concentrations, and by insensitivity to the pressor effects of angiotensin. It usually affects children, is perhaps hereditary, and may be asso …

Bartter's syndrome
<syndrome> A clinical syndrome characterised by enlargement of certain kidney cells, alkalosis, hypokalaemia and increased production of the hormone aldosterone. Common in children and may be seen in dwarfism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Baruch, Simon
<person> U.S. Physician, 1840-1921. ... See: Baruch's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baruch's law
The effect of any hydriatric procedure is in direct proportion to the difference between the temperature of the water and that of the skin; when the temperature of the water is above or below that of the skin the effect is stimulating; when the two temperatures are the same the effect is sedative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baruria
Rarely used term for excretion of urine that has an unusually high specific gravity, e.g., greater than 1.025 to 1.030. ... Origin: G. Barys, heavy, + ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bary-
Heavy. ... Origin: G. Barys ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

barye
The CGS unit of pressure, equal to 1 dyne/cm2 or 10-6 bar. ... See: bar. ... Origin: G. Barys, heavy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baryta water
A saturated aqueous solution of barium hydroxide; used as an alkaline reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baryto-
<prefix> Prefix indicating the presence of barium in a mineral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bas-fond
Synonym for fundus of urinary bladder ... The fundus is formed by the posterior wall which is somewhat convex. ... Synonym: fundus vesicae urinariae, bas-fond, base of bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basad
In a direction toward the base of any object or structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal
Pertaining to or situated near a base. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

basal age
The highest mental age level of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale at which all items are passed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal anaesthesia
Parenteral administration of one or more sedatives to produce a state of depressed consciousness short of a general anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal area
<botany> The cross-sectional area of a tree trunk measured in square inches, square centimetres, etc., basal area is normally measured at 4.5 feet above ground level and is used as a measure of dominance, the most commonly used tool for measuring basal area is a diameter tape or a D-tape (then convert to basal area). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

basal body
<cell biology> Structure found at the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella consisting of a continuation of the nine outer sets of axonemal microtubules but with the addition of a C tubule to form a triplet (like the centriole). ... May be self replicating and serves as a nucleating centre for axonemal assembly. Anchored in the cytoplasm by ro …

basal body temperature
<biology> The temperature taken at its lowest point in the day, usually in the morning before getting out of bed. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

basal bone
The osseus tissue of the mandible and maxillae except the alveolar processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal cell
<pathology> General term for relatively undifferentiated cells in an epithelial sheet that give rise to more specialised cells act as stem cells). ... In the stratified squamous epithelium of mammalian skin the basal cells of the epidermis (stratum basale) give rise by an unequal division to another basal cell and to cells that progress throug …

basal cell adenoma
<tumour> A benign tumour of major or minor salivary glands or other organs composed of small cells showing peripheral palisading. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal cell carcinoma
<oncology, tumour> The most common form of skin cancer. ... A malignant growth of epidermal tissue, specifically basal cells. most common in the fair-skinned on sun-exposed areas (especially the face). ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

basal cell epithelioma
Synonym for basal cell carcinoma ... <oncology, tumour> The most common form of skin cancer. ... A malignant growth of epidermal tissue, specifically basal cells. most common in the fair-skinned on sun-exposed areas (especially the face). ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

basal cell hyperplasia
Increase in the number of cells in an epithelium resembling the basal cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal cell layer
Synonym for stratum basale epidermidis ... The deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of dividing stem cells and anchoring cells. ... Synonym: basal cell layer, columnar layer, germinative layer, palisade layer, stratum basale, stratum cylindricum, stratum germinativum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal cell nevus
A hereditary disease noted in infancy or adolescence, characterised by lesions of the eyelids, nose, cheeks, neck, and axillae, appearing as uneroded flesh-coloured papules, some becoming pedunculated, and histologically indistinguishable from basal cell epithelioma; also noted are punctate keratotic lesions of the palms and soles; the lesions usua …

basal cell nevus syndrome
<syndrome> An inherited group of defects which involve abnormalities of the skin, eyes, nervous system, endocrine, glands and bones. ... The condition is characterised by an unusual facial appearance and a predisposition for skin cancer. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

basal cell papilloma
Synonym for seborrheic keratosis ... A benign skin lesion resulting from excessive growth of the top layer of skin cells. It usually is found in persons over 30 years old and may be few or numerous. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

basal cells
Small, round cells found in the lower part, or base, of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

basal cistern
Synonym for interpeduncular cistern ... A dilation of the subarachnoid space in front of the pons, where the arachnoid membrane stretches across between the two temporal lobes over the base of the diencephalon. ... See: interpeduncular fossa. ... Synonym: cisterna interpeduncularis, basal cistern, cisterna basalis, cisterna cruralis, Tarin's space. …

basal corpuscle
Synonym for basal body ... <cell biology> Structure found at the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella consisting of a continuation of the nine outer sets of axonemal microtubules but with the addition of a C tubule to form a triplet (like the centriole). ... May be self replicating and serves as a nucleating centre for axonemal assembly. Ancho …

basal diet
A diet having a caloric value equal to the basal heat production and sufficient quanties of essential nutrients to meet basic needs, in experiments in nutrition, a diet from which a given constituent (e.g., a vitamin, mineral, or amino acid), the nutritional value of which is to be determined, is omitted for a period and the effects observed; the s …

basal ganglia
<anatomy> Three large subcortical nuclei of the vertebrate brain: the putamen, the caudate nucleus and the globus pallidus. ... They participate in the control of movement along with the cerebellum, the corticospinal system and other descending motor systems. Lesions of the basal ganglia occur in a variety of motor disorders including Parkinso …

basal ganglia calcification
<radiology> Idiopathic: normal variant (50%), abnormal calcium metabolism, hyperparathyroidism, hypo-, pseudohypo-, and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism, ToRCHS infection (especially CMV, toxo), tuberous sclerosis, Cockayne syndrome, Fahr syndrome (ferrocalcinosis), lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

basal gland
Synonym for hypophysis ... pituitary gland ...

basal granule
Synonym for basal body ... <cell biology> Structure found at the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella consisting of a continuation of the nine outer sets of axonemal microtubules but with the addition of a C tubule to form a triplet (like the centriole). ... May be self replicating and serves as a nucleating centre for axonemal assembly. Ancho …

basal joint reflex
Opposition and adduction of the thumb with flexion at its metacarpophalangeal joint and extension at its interphalangeal joint, when firm passive flexion of the third, fourth, or fifth finger is made; the reflex is present normally but is absent in pyramidal lesions. ... Synonym: finger-thumb reflex, Mayer's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal lamina
Synonym for basement membrane ... <cell biology> Extracellular matrix characteristically found under epithelial cells. ... There are two distinct layers: the basal lamina, immediately adjacent to the cells, is a product of the epithelial cells themselves and contains collagen type IV and the reticular lamina is produced by fibroblasts of the un …

basal lamina of choroid
Synonym for lamina basalis choroideae ... The transparent, nearly structureless inner layer of the choroid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina. ... Synonym: basal lamina of choroid, basal layer of choroid, Bruch's membrane, Henle's membrane, lamina vitrea, vitreous lamella, vitreous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal lamina of ciliary body
The inner layer of the ciliary body, continuous with the basal layer of the choroid and supporting the pigment epithelium of the ciliary retina. ... Synonym: lamina basalis corporis ciliaris, basal layer of ciliary body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal lamina of cochlear
Synonym for basilar membrane ... A thin layer of tissue covered with mesothelial cells that separates the cochlea from the scala tympani in the ear. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

basal lamina of neural tube
The ventral division of the lateral walls of the neural tube in the embryo; it contains neuroblasts giving rise to somatic and visceral motor neurons. ... Synonym: lamina basalis, basal plate of neural tube, lamina ventralis, ventral plate of neural tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal lamina of semicircular duct
Synonym for basal membrane of semicircular duct ... The basal membrane underlying the epithelium of the semicircular duct. ... Synonym: membrana basalis ductus semicircularis, basal lamina of semicircular duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal layer
Synonym for stratum basale ... The outermost layer of the endometrium which undergoes only minimal changes during the menstrual cycle. ... Synonym: basal layer. ... Synonym: stratum basale epidermidis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal layer of choroid
Synonym for lamina basalis choroideae ... The transparent, nearly structureless inner layer of the choroid in contact with the pigmented layer of the retina. ... Synonym: basal lamina of choroid, basal layer of choroid, Bruch's membrane, Henle's membrane, lamina vitrea, vitreous lamella, vitreous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal layer of ciliary body
Synonym for basal lamina of ciliary body ... The inner layer of the ciliary body, continuous with the basal layer of the choroid and supporting the pigment epithelium of the ciliary retina. ... Synonym: lamina basalis corporis ciliaris, basal layer of ciliary body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal medium
<cell culture> An unsupplemented medium which promotes the growth of many types of microorganisms which do not require any special nutrient supplements. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

basal membrane of semicircular duct
The basal membrane underlying the epithelium of the semicircular duct. ... Synonym: membrana basalis ductus semicircularis, basal lamina of semicircular duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal metabolic rate
<biochemistry, biology> The metabolic rate as measured under basal conditions: 12 hours after eating, after a restful sleep, no exercise or activity preceding test, elimination of emotional excitement and occurring in a comfortable temperature. ... Acronym: BMR ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

basal metabolism
<biochemistry, biology> Heat production, or its measurement, of an organism at the lowest level of cell chemistry in an inactive, awake, fasting state. ... It may be determined directly by means of a calorimeter or indirectly by calculating the heat production from an analysis of the end products of oxidation within the organism or from the am …

basal nuclei
Nucleus of the cerebral hemisphere that originally included the caudate and lenticular nuclei, the claustrum and the amygdaloid body (complex); functionally the term basal nuclei now specifies the caudate and lenticular nuclei and adjacent cell groups having important connections therewith (subthalamic nucleus; substantia nigra, partes compacta and …

basal nucleus of Ganser
A large group of large cells in the innominate substance, ventral to the lentiform nucleus. ... Synonym: nucleus basalis of Ganser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal part of occipital bone
Synonym for basilar part of the occipital bone ... The part of the occipital bone that lies anterior to the foramen magnum and joins with the body of the sphenoid bone. ... Synonym: pars basilaris ossis occipitalis, basal part of occipital bone, basilar apophysis, basilar process of occipital bone, basilar process, basiocciput. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal part of pulmonary artery
<anatomy, artery> See: right pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal plate of neural tube
Synonym for basal lamina of neural tube ... The ventral division of the lateral walls of the neural tube in the embryo; it contains neuroblasts giving rise to somatic and visceral motor neurons. ... Synonym: lamina basalis, basal plate of neural tube, lamina ventralis, ventral plate of neural tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal ration
Minimal diet containing only essential components. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal ridge
Synonym for alveolar process ... That portion of bone in either the maxilla or the mandible which surrounds and supports the teeth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

basal rod
Synonym for costa ... <microbiology> Rod shaped intracellular organelle lying below the undulating membrane of Trichomonas. ... Generates active bending associated with local loss of birefringence at the bending zone, probably as a result of conformational change in the longitudinal lamellae. Major protein approximately 90 kD. ... (10 Nov 1998)< …

basal seat
Synonym for denture foundation area ... That portion of the basal seat which supports the complete or partial denture base under occlusal load. ... Synonym: basal seat, denture-bearing area, denture-supporting area, stress-bearing area, supporting area, tissue-bearing area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal seat area
That portion of the oral structures which is available to support a denture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal skull fracture
<orthopaedics> A fracture involving the base of the cranium. ... This fracture is often difficult to detect clinically. Findings may include raccoon eyes, Battle's sign, haemotympanum and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. ... Plain skull X-ray will often not reveal the basal skull fracture, making a CT scan or MRI the most reliable diagnostic in …

basal sphincter
The thickening of the circular muscular coat at the base of the ileal papilla at the terminal ileum. ... Synonym: sphincteroid tract of ileum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

basal squamous cell carcinoma
Synonym for basosquamous carcinoma ... <tumour> A carcinoma of the skin which in structure and behaviour is considered transitional between basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma The term should not be used for the much more common keratotic variety of basal cell carcinoma, in which the tumour cells are of basal type but which contains small f …

basal striations
The vertical infranuclear striation's due to the infolded plasma membrane and mitochondria; they are seen in kidney tubules and certain intralobular salivary ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...