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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

being
From Be. ... Existing. ... Being was formerly used where we now use having. 'Being to go to a ball in a few days.' . ... In modern usage, is, are, was or were being, with a past participle following (as built, made, etc) indicates the process toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form is or was building, in this passive signific …

bejel
Nonvenereal endemic syphilis now found chiefly among Arab children; apparently due to Treponema pallidum. ... See: nonvenereal syphilis. ... Origin: Ar. Bajlah ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bek
E.V., Russian physician. ... See: Kashin-Bek disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bekesy
Georg von, Hungarian biophysicist in U.S. And Nobel laureate, 1899-1972. ... See: Bekesy audiometer, Bekesy audiometry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bekesy audiometer
An automatic audiometer in which the tone sweeps the audiometric scale while the patient controls intensity by pressing a button when he cannot hear the tone; may be operated either at a fixed frequency or at steadily changing frequencies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bekesy audiometry
Automatic audiometry utilizing the Bekesy audiometer; the patient makes two threshold tracings, one in which the tone is rapidly turned on and off (interrupted tone) and one in which the tone is presented steadily (continuous tone); results may be suggestive of middle-ear, cochlear, or eighth nerve lesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bel
Unit expressing the relative intensity of a sound. The intensity in bels is the logarithm (to the base 10) of the ratio of the power of the sound to that of a reference sound. Ordinarily, the reference sound is assumed to be one with a power of 10-16 watts per sq cm, approximately the threshold of a normal human ear at 1000 Hz. ... Origin: A.G. Bell …

belch
1. To eject or throw up from the stomach with violence; to eruct. 'I belched a hurricane of wind.' (Swift) ... 2. To eject violently from within; to cast forth; to emit; to give vent to; to vent. 'Within the gates that now Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame.' (Milton) ... Origin: OE. Belken, AS. Bealcan, akin to E. Bellow. See Bellow. ... 1. T …

belching
A normal process to relieve distention from the air that accumulates in the stomach. The upper abdominal discomfort associated with excessive swallowed air may extend into the lower chest, producing symptoms suggesting heart or lung disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

beldam beldame
1. Grandmother; corresponding to belsire. 'To show the beldam daughters of her daughter.' (Shak) ... 2. An old woman in general; especially, an ugly old woman; a hag. 'Around the beldam all erect they hang.' (Akenside) ... Origin: Pref. Bel-, denoting relationship + dame mother: cf. F. Belledame fair lady, It. Belladonna. See Belle, and Dame. ... Sour …

belemnite
<paleontology> A conical calcareous fossil, tapering to a point at the lower extremity, with a conical cavity at the other end, where it is ordinarily broken; but when perfect it contains a small chambered cone, called the phragmocone, prolonged, on one side, into a delicate concave blade; the thunderstone. It is the internal shell of a cepha …

belemnoid
Dart-shaped. ... Origin: G. Belemnon, a dart, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Belgian Congo anaemia
Synonym for kasai ... A form of anaemia occurring in natives of Zaire (formerly the Belgian Congo), with associated oedema of subcutaneous tissues, depigmented regions in the skin, and various gastrointestinal disturbances; thought to result from deficiencies in nutrition. ... Synonym: Belgian Congo anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belie
1. To show to be false; to convict of, or charge with, falsehood. 'Their trembling hearts belie their boastful tongues.' (Dryden) ... 2. To give a false representation or account of. 'Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts.' (Shak) ... 3. To tell lie about; to calumniate; to slander. 'Thou dost belie him, Percy, thou dost belie him.' (Shak) ... 4. …

belief
1. Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of a fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or full assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty; persuasion; conviction; confidence; as, belief of a witness; the belief of our senses. 'Beli …

believe
1. To have a firm persuasion, especially. Of the truths of religion; to have a persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or faith. 'Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief.' (Mark ix. 24) 'With the heart man believeth unto righteousness.' (Rom. X. 10) ... 2. To think; to suppose. 'I will not believe so meanly of you.' (Fielding) To be …

believer
1. One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or reality of some doctrine, person, or thing. ... 2. One who gives credit to the truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God; a Christian; in a more restricted sense, one who receives Christ as his Savior, and accepts the way of salvation unfolded in the gospel. 'Thou didst open the Kingd …

bell
1. A hollow metallic vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with a flaring mouth, containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a ringing sound on being struck. ... Bells have been made of various metals, but the best have always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and tin. The Liberty Bell, the famous bell of the Philadelphia State House, wh …

bell clapper deformity
A testis and epididymis free of the usual posterior attachment of the tunica vaginalis such that the tunic inserts high on the spermatic cord leaving the gonad more likely to undergo torsion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bell sound
Synonym for bellmetal resonance ... In cases of a large pulmonary cavity or of pneumothorax, a clear metallic sound obtained by striking a coin, held against the chest, by another coin, or by flicking the chest wall with one's fingernail; the sound is heard on auscultating the chest wall on the same side anteroposteriorly. ... Synonym: anvil sound, b …

bell stage
Third stage of tooth development, wherein the cells form the inner enamel epithelium, the stratum intermedium, the stellate reticulum, and the outer enamel epithelium; the enamel organ assumes a bell shape. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bell-crowned
Denoting a tooth the crown of which has a cross-sectional diameter much greater than that of the neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell-Magendie law
Synonym for Bell's law ... The ventral spinal roots are motor, the dorsal are sensory. ... Synonym: Bell-Magendie law, Magendie's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bell-shaped crown
A crown of a tooth with an exaggerated occlusogingival contour; human deciduous molars typify the bell-shaped crown. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell, John
<person> Scottish surgeon and anatomist, 1763-1820. ... See: Bell's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell, Sir Charles
<person> Scottish surgeon, anatomist, and physiologist, 1774-1842. ... See: Bell's law, Bell-Magendie law, Bell's respiratory nerve, Bell's palsy, Bell's spasm, external respiratory nerve of Bell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell's law
The ventral spinal roots are motor, the dorsal are sensory. ... Synonym: Bell-Magendie law, Magendie's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell's muscle
<anatomy> A band of muscular fibres, forming a slight fold in the wall of the bladder, running from the uvula to the opening of the ureter on either side, bounding the trigonum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell's palsy
A condition that involves the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and results in the paralysis of one side of the face. Bell's (facial nerve palsy) can be differentiated from a central (stroke) deficit by the inability to raise the eyebrow on the affected side. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Bell's phenomenon
A patient with peripheral facial paralysis cannot close the eyelids of the affected side without at the same time moving the eyeball upward and outward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bell's respiratory nerve
Synonym for long thoracic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Arises from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves (roots of brachial plexus), descends the neck behind the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the serratus anterior muscle; it is somewhat unusual in that it courses on the superficial aspect of the muscle is supplies; its paralysis …

Bell's spasm
Synonym for facial tic ... Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles, sometimes unilateral. ... Synonym: Bell's spasm, convulsive tic, facial spasm, histrionic spasm, mimic convulsion, mimic spasm, mimic tic, palmus, prosopospasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belladonna
<botany> An herbaceous European plant (Atropa belladonna) with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called also deadly nightshade. ... A sp …

belladonna alkaloid
Atropine and related alkaloids which are anticholinergic. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

belladonna alkaloids
Alkaloids obtained from various plants, especially the deadly nightshade (atropa belladonna), variety acuminata; atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are classical, specific antimuscarinic agents with many pharmacologic actions; used mainly as antispasmodics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

belladonna extract
A powdered extract from the leaves and/or roots of Atropa belladonna; used to formulate various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Contains the alkaloids of belladonna (atropine and scopolamine) and has been used in the treatment of ulcers, diarrhoea, and parkinsonism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belladonna ophthalmologic
Medications instilled into the eye that result in dilation of the pupil. A common example is homatropine eye drops. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

belladonna tincture
A green hydroalcoholic mobile liquid containing the alkaloids atropine and scopolamine and other substances extracted from the leaves of Atropa belladonna, the botanical source for these anticholinergic drugs. The tincture allows for gradual titration of dose by counting drops of the preparation ingested. Formerly widely used in ulcer therapy or th …

belladonnine
An artificial alkaloid derived from atropine by warming with hydrochloric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belle indifference
See: la belle indifference. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bellies of digastric muscle
<anatomy> See: anterior belly of digastric muscle, posterior belly of digastric muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bellies of omohyoid muscle
<anatomy> See: inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, superior belly of omohyoid muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bellini
Lorenzo, Italian physician and anatomist, 1643-1704. ... See: Bellini's ducts, Bellini's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bellini, Lorenzo
<person> B. Florence, Sept. 3rd, 1643. Was an Anatomist and Physician. Chief appointment was that of Professor of Philosophy and Anatomy in Pisa (1663-1693). D. Pisa, Jan 8th, 1704. ... Bellini's Tubules - of the kidney. ... Bellini's Ducts - orifices of the tubules. ... Lived: 1643-1704. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Bellini's ducts
Synonym for papillary ducts ... The largest straight excretory duct's in the kidney medulla and papillae whose openings form the area cribrosa; they are a continuation of the collecting tubules. ... Synonym: Bellini's ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bellini's ligament
<anatomy> A fasciculus from the ischiofemoral portion of the articular fibrous capsule of the hip which extends to the great trochanter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bellmetal resonance
In cases of a large pulmonary cavity or of pneumothorax, a clear metallic sound obtained by striking a coin, held against the chest, by another coin, or by flicking the chest wall with one's fingernail; the sound is heard on auscultating the chest wall on the same side anteroposteriorly. ... Synonym: anvil sound, bell sound, coin test. ... (05 Mar 20 …

bellows
<radiobiology> Flexible mechanical structure with walls like those of an accordion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bellows length
<microscopy> The distance from the eye point to the image plane in a photomicrographic apparatus. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

bellows murmur
A blowing murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belly
Origin: OE. Bali, bely, AS. Belg, baelg, baelig, bag, bellows, belly; akin to Icel. Belgr bag, bellows, Sw. Balg, Dan. Baelg, D. & G. Balg, cf. W. Bol the paunch or belly, dim. Boly, Ir. Bolg. Cf. Bellows, Follicle, Fool, Bilge. ... 1. That part of the human body which extends downward from the breast to the thighs, and contains the bowels, or i …

belly button
The navel or umbilicus. The one-time site of attachment of the umbilical cord. The term belly button was coined around 1877. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bellyache
Colloquialism for abdominal pain, usually colicky. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belonephobia
<psychology> A morbid fear of needles, pins and other sharp objects. ... Origin: Gr. Phobos = fear ... (16 Mar 1998) ...

Belsey Mark IV operation
A transthoracic anti-reflux procedure; it restores a 3 to 4 cm length of intraabdominal oesophagus, maintains a narrow diameter of the distal oesophagus by a gastric fundoplication. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Belsey Mark IV procedure
A transthoracic hiatal hernia repair that restores the lower oesophageal sphincter zone to the high pressure region below the diaphragm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Belsey Mark V procedure
A modified Belsey Mark IV procedure often employing pledgetted sutures performed for patients with hiatal hernia plus disordered oesophageal motility in whom an oesophageal myotomy is also needed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Belsey, Ronald
<person> 20th century British surgeon. ... See: Belsey Mark IV operation, Belsey Mark IV procedure, Belsey Mark V procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

belt
To encircle with, or as with, a belt; to encompass; to surround. 'A coarse black robe belted round the waist.' (C. Reade) 'They belt him round with hearts undaunted.' (Wordsworth) ... 2. To shear, as the buttocks and tails of sheep. ... Origin: Belted; Belting. ... 1. That which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; as, a lady's belt; a sword …

belt desmosome
<cell biology> Another name for the zonula adherens or adherens junction ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

belt test
An obsolete test: firm upward pressure on the lower part of the abdomen will remove the feeling of discomfort in cases of enteroptosia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bemegride
<chemical> A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose. ... Pharmacological action: central nervous system stimulants, convulsants, respiratory system agents. ... Chemical name: 2,6-Piperidinedione, 4-ethyl-4-methyl- ... …

benactyzine
<chemical> A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behaviour. ... Pharmacological action: antidepressive agents, muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics. ... Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-alp …

benactyzine hydrochloride
2-Diethylaminoethyl benzilate hydrochloride;an anticholinergic drug with the same actions but with approximately only one-fifth the activity of atropine; it is thought to raise the threshold of emotional reaction to external stimuli; now rarely used as a psychotherapeutic and tranquillising agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bence Jones albumin
Synonym for Bence Jones proteins ... Proteins with unusual thermosolubility found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, consisting of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. ... See: Bence Jones reaction. ... See: immunoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bence Jones cylinders
Slightly irregular, relatively smooth, rod-shaped or cylindroid bodies of fairly tenacious, viscid proteinaceous material in the fluid of the seminal vesicles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bence Jones protein
<haematology, oncology> These proteins are dimers of immunoglobulin light chains, normally produced by plasma cells. Bence Jones proteins are sufficiently small to be excreted by the kidney. ... It is a characteristic protein found in the urine of most patients with multiple myeloma. It can be used to help in diagnosis of the disease and to mo …

Bence Jones proteins
Proteins with unusual thermosolubility found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, consisting of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. ... See: Bence Jones reaction. ... See: immunoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bence Jones proteinuria
Presence of Bence Jones proteins in the urine, usually indicative of a neoplastic process such as multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bence Jones reaction
<investigation> The classic method of identifying Bence Jones protein. This protein precipitates from urine in the range of 45 to 70 degrees Centigrade. It goes into solution at temperatures above or below this range. Used in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Less commonly, this test is positive in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, chronic l …

Bence Jones, Henry
<person> British physician, 1814-1873. ... See: Bence Jones albumin, Bence Jones cylinders, Bence Jones myeloma, Bence Jones proteins, Bence Jones reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bench
Origin: OE. Bench, benk, AS. Benc; akin to Sw. Bank, Dan baenk, Icel. Bekkr, OS, D, & G. Bank. Cf. Bank, Beach. ... 1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length. 'Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a carpenter's bench. ... 3. The seat where judges s …

bench mark
A fixed, more or less permanent reference point or object of known elevation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) installs brass caps in bridge abutments or otherwise permanently sets bench marks at convenient locations nationwide, the elevations on these marks are referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD), also commonly known as mean …

bench testing
Testing of a device against specifications in a simulated (nonliving) environment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benchmarking
Method of measuring performance against established standards of best practice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bencyclane
<chemical> N,n-dimethyl-3-3-(1-benzylcycloheptyloxy)propylamine. A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels. ... Pharmacological action: calcium channel blockers, vasodilator agen …

bend
1. A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; as, a slight bend of the body; a bend in a road. ... 2. Turn; purpose; inclination; ends. 'Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my bend.' (Fletcher) ... 3. A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post. …

bendazac
A topical anti-inflammatory agent. ... Chemical name: [(1-Benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)oxy]-acetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bender gestalt test
<psychology> A psychological test used by neurologists and clinical psychologists to measure a person's ability to visually copy a set of geometric designs. ... It consists of nine geometric designs on cards. The subject is asked to redraw them from memory after each one is presented individually. It is useful for measuring visuospatial and v …

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt test
Synonym for Bender gestalt test ... <psychology> A psychological test used by neurologists and clinical psychologists to measure a person's ability to visually copy a set of geometric designs. ... It consists of nine geometric designs on cards. The subject is asked to redraw them from memory after each one is presented individually. It is usef …

Bender, Lauretta
<person> U.S. Psychiatrist, 1897-1987. ... See: Bender gestalt test, Bender Visual Motor Gestalt test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bending fracture
<orthopaedics, radiology> An injury in which a long bone or bones, usually the radius and ulna, are bent due to multiple microfractures, none of which can be seen by X-ray imaging. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...

bendrofluazide
Synonym for bendroflumethiazide ... <chemical> A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorthiazide. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalaemia, hypertension, oedema, and urinary tract disorders. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, thiazide. ... Chemical name: 2H-1,2,4-Benz …

bendroflumethiazide
<chemical> A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorthiazide. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalaemia, hypertension, oedema, and urinary tract disorders. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, thiazide. ... Chemical name: 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 3,4-dih …

bends
Colloquism for caisson sickness; decompression sickness. ... Origin: fr. Convulsive posture of those so afflicted ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

beneceptor
<physiology> A nerve organ or mechanism (ceptor) for the appreciation and transmission of stimuli of a beneficial character. ... Compare: nociceptor. ... Origin: L. Bene, well, + capio, to take ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Benedek, Ladislaus
<person> Austrian neurologist, 1887-1945. ... See: Benedek's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Benedek's reflex
<neurology, physiology> Plantar flexion of the foot by tapping the anterior margin of the lower part of the fibula, while the foot is slightly dorsiflexed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Benedict-Hopkins-Cole reagent
<chemistry> Magnesium glyoxalate, made from a mixture of oxalic acid and magnesium, used for testing proteins for the presence of tryptophan. ... (12 Aug 2000) ...

Benedict-Roth apparatus
<apparatus, physiology> A device employed to measure the amount of oxygen utilised in quiet breathing in the basal state for the estimation of the basal metabolic rate; the subject rebreathes oxygen through soda lime from a recording spirometer. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...

Benedict-Roth calorimeter
Synonym for Benedict-Roth apparatus ... <apparatus, physiology> A device employed to measure the amount of oxygen utilised in quiet breathing in the basal state for the estimation of the basal metabolic rate; the subject rebreathes oxygen through soda lime from a recording spirometer. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...

Benedict, Francis
<person> U.S. Metabolist, 1870-1957. ... See: Benedict-Roth apparatus, Benedict-Roth calorimeter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Benedict, Stanley
<person> U.S. Chemist, 1884-1936. ... See: Benedict's solution, Benedict's test for glucose, Benedict-Hopkins-Cole reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Benedict's solution
<chemistry> An aqueous solution of sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, and copper sulfate which changes from its normal blue colour to orange, red, or yellow in the presence of a reducing sugar such as glucose. ... See: Benedict's test for glucose. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...

Benedict's test for glucose
<biochemistry> A copper-reduction test for glucose in the urine, which involves thiocyanate in addition to copper sulfate for qualitative or quantitative use. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...

Benedikt, Moritz
<person> Austrian physician, 1835-1920. ... See: Benedikt's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Benedikt's syndrome
<syndrome> Hemiplegia with clonic spasm or tremor and oculomotor paralysis on the opposite side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

beneficence
The ethical principle of doing good. ... Origin: L. Beneficentia, fr. Bene, well, + facio, to do ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benevolence
1. The disposition to do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness. 'The wakeful benevolence of the gospel.' (Chalmers) ... 2. An act of kindness; good done; charity given. ... 3. A species of compulsory contribution or tax, which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of E …

bengal
1. A province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals, etc. ... 2. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally brought from Bengal. ... 3. Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal; Bengal stripes. Bengal light, a firework containing niter, sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid coloured light, used in makin …