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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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Bergmeister's papillaA small mass of glial tissue that forms during foetal life a temporary conical investment of the hyaloid artery at its emergence into the vitreous chamber; vestiges of it may persist as a prepapillary membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beriberi<disease> An endemic form of polyneuritis (nerve inflammation), due to an unbalanced diet, with a deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamin). ... Common in those who chronically abuse alcohol. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
beriberi heartHeart disease due to thiamine deficiency that may be epidemic or sporadic as characterised by cardiac metabolic damage and myocardial failure, often of the 'high output' type, with oedema (except in 'dry' beri) and polyneuritis. The term is derived from Singhalese, 'I am unable.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berk Sharp technique<molecular biology, procedure> A technique of genetic mapping in which mRNA is hybridised with single stranded DNA and the nonhybridised DNA then digested with S1 nuclease, the residual DNA that hybridised with the messenger is then characterised by restriction mapping. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Berkefeld filterA bacterial filter used in 1891, made of earth known as Kieselguhr taken from the name of the mine in Hanover, Germany, from which the earth was found. Ground water at this mine had a clear blue colour suggesting the use of the earth as a filter. ... Origin: Berkefield, name of owner of the mine from which the material to make the filter was taken
berkelium
<chemical> Berkelium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol bk, atomic number 97, and atomic weight 247. Its valence can be +3 or +4. Twelve isotopes have been produced with mass numbers 240-251. ... Chemical name: Berkelium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Berlin blue
Fe4(Fe(CN)6)3; ferric ferrocyanide;a dye used to colour injection masses for blood vessels and lymphatics, and in staining of siderocytes. ... Synonym: Prussian blue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berlin, Rudolf
<person> German ophthalmologist, 1833-1897. ... See: Berlin's oedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berlin's oedema
Retinal oedema after blunt trauma to the globe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
berloque dermatitis
Berlock dermatitis, a type of photosensitization resulting in deep brown pigmentation on exposure to sunlight after application of bergamot oil and other essential oils in perfume. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bermuda
A british colony in the western north atlantic ocean about 640 miles east southeast of cape hatteras, north carolina. It comprises a group of about 300 islands of which only about 20 are inhabited. It is called also the bermuda islands or the bermudas. It was named for the spanish explorer juan bermudez who visited the islands in 1515. ... (12 Dec 1 …
Bernard Soulier syndrome
<haematology, syndrome> A congenital disorder where the platelets lack receptors which allow them to adhere to the walls of blood vessels. The genetic deficiency in platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib allows platelets to aggregate normally (c.f. Glanzmann's thrombasthenia) but they do not stick to collagen of sub endothelial basement membrane. …
bernard syndrome
<syndrome> A complex of abnormal findings, namely sinking in of one eyeball, ipsilateral ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid on the same side) and miosis (constriction of the pupil of that eye) together with anhidosis (lack of sweating) and flushing of the affected side of the face. ... Due to paralysis of certain nerves (specifically, the ce …
Bernard-Horner syndrome
Synonym for Horner's syndrome ... <syndrome> A nerve condition which involves a dropping eyelid (ptosis), constricted pupil, enophthalmos and lack of sweating on one side of the face. Often seen in association with injury (for example neck fracture, penetrating injury) to the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk in the neck or a Pancoast tumour in …
Bernard-Sergent syndrome
Synonym for acute adrenocortical insufficiency ... Severe adrenocortical insufficiency when an intercurrent illness or trauma causes an increased demand for adrenocortical hormones in a patient with adrenal insufficiency due to disease or use of relatively large amounts of similar hormones as therapy; characterised by nausea, vomiting, hypotension, …
Bernard-Soulier disease
An autosomal recessive disorder of absent or decreased platelet membrane glycoproteins Ib, IX, and V (the receptor for factor VIII R. This deficiency can lead to a failure to bind von Willebrand factor, causing moderate bleeding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernard, Claude
<person> French physiologist, 1813-1878. ... See: Bernard's canal, Bernard's duct, Bernard's puncture, Bernard-Cannon homeostasis, Bernard-Horner syndrome, Bernard-Sergent syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernard, Jean
<person> French physician, *1907. ... See: Bernard-Soulier disease, Bernard-Soulier syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernard's canal
Synonym for accessory pancreatic duct ... The excretory duct of the head of the pancreas, one branch of which joins the pancreatic duct, the other opening independently into the duodenum at the lesser duodenal papilla. ... Synonym: ductus pancreaticus accessorius, Bernard's canal, Bernard's duct, ductus dorsopancreaticus, Santorini's canal, Santorini …
Bernard's duct
Synonym for accessory pancreatic duct ... The excretory duct of the head of the pancreas, one branch of which joins the pancreatic duct, the other opening independently into the duodenum at the lesser duodenal papilla. ... Synonym: ductus pancreaticus accessorius, Bernard's canal, Bernard's duct, ductus dorsopancreaticus, Santorini's canal, Santorini …
Bernard's puncture
Synonym for diabetic puncture ... A puncture at a point in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain which causes glycosuria. ... Synonym: Bernard's puncture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernays, Augustus
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1854-1907. ... See: Bernays' sponge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernays' sponge
A compressed disk of aseptic cotton that swells when moistened; used in packing cavities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernhardt-Roth syndrome
Synonym for Meralgia paraesthetica ... <symptom> A tingling, formication, itching, and other forms of paresthesia in the outer side of the lower part of the thigh in the area of distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; there may be pain, but the skin is usually hypesthetic to the touch. ... Synonym: Bernhardt's disease, Bernhardt-Ro …
Bernhardt, Martin
<person> German neurologist, 1844-1915. ... See: Bernhardt's disease, Roth-Bernhardt disease, Bernhardt-Roth syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernhardt's disease
Synonym for Meralgia paraesthetica ... <symptom> A tingling, formication, itching, and other forms of paresthesia in the outer side of the lower part of the thigh in the area of distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; there may be pain, but the skin is usually hypesthetic to the touch. ... Synonym: Bernhardt's disease, Bernhardt-Ro …
Bernhardt's formula
<nutrition> A formula used to calculate the ideal weight, in kilograms, for an adult; it is the height in centimeters times the chest circumference in centimeters divided by 240. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...
Bernheim, P
<person> Early 20th century French physician. ... See: Bernheim's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernheim's syndrome
<syndrome> Systemic congestion resembling the consequences of right heart failure (enlarged liver, distended neck veins, and oedema) without pulmonary congestion in subjects with left ventricular enlargement from any cause. ... A reduction in the size of the right ventricular cavity is found by contrast imaging or echocardiography or at postmo …
bernicle
A bernicle goose. ... <zoology> Alternative forms: barnacle] Bernicle goose, a goose (Branta leucopsis), of Arctic Europe and America. It was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the sea (Lepas), which were, therefore, called barnacles, goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other related species. See Ana …
Bernoulli distribution
<statistics> The probability distribution associated with two mutually exclusive and exhaustive outcomes, e.g., death or survival. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...
Bernoulli effect
<physics> The decrease in fluid pressure that occurs in converting potential to kinetic energy when motion of the fluid is accelerated, in accordance with Bernoulli's law. ... Applied in water aspirators, atomisers, and humidifiers in which a gas is accelerated across the end of a narrow, fluid-filled orifice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernoulli trial
A single random event for which there are two and only two possible outcomes that are mutually exclusive and have a priori fixed (and complementary) probabilities of resulting. The trial is the realization of this process. Conventionally one outcome is termed a success and is assigned the score 1, the other is a failure and has the score zero. Thus …
Bernoulli, Daniel
<person> Swiss mathematician, 1700-1782. ... See: Bernoulli effect, Bernoulli's law, Bernoulli's principle, Bernoulli's theorem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernoulli's law
<physics> When friction is negligible, the velocity of flow of a gas or fluid through a tube is inversely related to its pressure against the side of the tube; i.e., velocity is greatest and pressure lowest at a point of constriction. ... Synonym: Bernoulli's principle, Bernoulli's theorem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernoulli's principle
Synonym for Bernoulli's law ... <physics> When friction is negligible, the velocity of flow of a gas or fluid through a tube is inversely related to its pressure against the side of the tube; i.e., velocity is greatest and pressure lowest at a point of constriction. ... Synonym: Bernoulli's principle, Bernoulli's theorem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernoulli's theorem
Synonym for Bernoulli's law ... <physics> When friction is negligible, the velocity of flow of a gas or fluid through a tube is inversely related to its pressure against the side of the tube; i.e., velocity is greatest and pressure lowest at a point of constriction. ... Synonym: Bernoulli's principle, Bernoulli's theorem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bernstein mode
<radiobiology> Type of mode which propagates perpendicular to the equilibrium magnetic field in a hot plasma. The waves have their electric field nearly parallel to the wave propagation vector (nearly longitudinal). The modes propagate in frequency ranges lying between integer harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency. Named after Ira Ber …
Bernstein test
<investigation> A test used to diagnosis gastrooesophageal reflux disease. This test is performed in a doctor's office or lab and requires that the patient swallow 3 tiny tubes into the stomach. A mixture of hydrochloric acid (like stomach acid) and saline are alternatively injected into the tubes. The patient then reports any symptoms they m …
Bernstein, Lionel
<person> U.S. Internist, *1923. ... See: Bernstein test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
berretta
A square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is black, except that a bishop's is lined with green. [Also spelt beretta, biretta, etc. ... Origin: It, fr. LL. Birrettum, berretum, a cap, dim. Of L. Birrus, birrum, a cloak to keep off rain, cf. Gr. Tawny, red: cf. Sp. Bir …
berry
A fleshy or pulpy indehiscent fruit with the seed embedded in the fleshy tissue of the pericarp. ... Compare: drupe, pyrene. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
berry aneurysm
<radiology> Associated with adult (autosomal dominant) PKD, multiple in 20%, sites: ACommA 30%, PCommA 25%, MCA 25% ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
berry cell
A crenated red blood cell with surface spicules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berry, Sir James
<person> Canadian surgeon, 1860-1946. ... See: Berry's ligaments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berry's ligaments
Synonym for lateral thyrohyoid ligament ... <anatomy> Thickened elastic bundle connecting the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage to the tip of the greater horn of the hyoid cartilage; forms the posterior border of the thyrohyoid membrane. ... Synonym: ligamentum thyrohyoideum laterale, Berry's ligaments, ligamentum hyothyroideum laterale.
Berson test
A test of thyroid clearance of 131I from the plasma by the thyroid gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berson, Solomon
<person> U.S. Internist, 1918-1972.. ... See: Berson test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berthelot reaction
The reaction of ammonia with phenol-hypochlorite to give indophenol; the principle is used to analyze ammonia concentration in body fluids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berthelot, Pierre Eugene Marcellin
<person> French chemist, 1827-1907. ... See: Berthelot reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berthollet, Claude
<person> French chemist, 1748-1822. ... See: Berthollet's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Berthollet's law
Salts in solution will always react with each other so as to form a less soluble salt, if possible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bertiellosis
Infection of primates including man with cestodes of the genus Bertiella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bertin, Exupere Joseph
<person> French anatomist, 1712-1781. ... See: Bertin's bones, Bertin's columns, Bertin's ligament, Bertin's ossicles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bertin's bones
Synonym for sphenoidal conchae ... Paired ossicles of pyramidal shape, the spines of which are in contact with the medial pterygoid lamina, the bases forming the roof of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: conchae sphenoidales, Bertin's bones, Bertin's ossicles, sphenoidal turbinated bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bertin's columns
Synonym for renal columns ... The prolongations of cortical substance separating the pyramids of the kidney. ... Synonym: columnae renales, Bertin's columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bertin's ligament
Synonym for iliofemoral ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular ligament attached by its apex to the anterior inferior spine of the ilium and rim of the acetabulum, and by its base to the anterior intertrochanteric line of the femur; the strong medial band is attached to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line; the strong lateral part is fixe …
Bertin's ossicles
Synonym for sphenoidal conchae ... Paired ossicles of pyramidal shape, the spines of which are in contact with the medial pterygoid lamina, the bases forming the roof of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: conchae sphenoidales, Bertin's bones, Bertin's ossicles, sphenoidal turbinated bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bertrand lens
<physics> A small, low-power lens, usually on a slide for insertion into the drawtube between analyser and ocular. It is used to observe the back focal plane of the objective so as to examine interference figures or as an aid in achieving interference figures. It is apt to be strongly astigmatic. It is used to image the lamp filament in setti …
Bertrand, Ivan Georges
<person> 20th century French neurologist. ... See: Canavan-van Bogaert-Bertrand disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beryl
<chemical> A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green colour, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety hig …
berylliosis
<chest medicine> Beryllium exposure may produce acute pneumonitis or chronic interstitial pneumonia. Can be histologically indistinguishable from sarcoidosis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
beryllium granuloma
A sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction to exposure to inhaled beryllium, or skin cuts by fluorescent lamps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease
Synonym for sarcoidosis ... <disease> Disease of unknown aetiology in which there are chronic inflammatory granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes and other organs. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome
Synonym for sarcoidosis ... <disease> Disease of unknown aetiology in which there are chronic inflammatory granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes and other organs. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Besnier, Ernest
<person> French dermatologist, 1831-1909. ... See: Besnier's prurigo, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Besnier's prurigo
An atopic form which may be associated with asthma, hay fever, or other allergic conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Besnoitia
A genus of protozoan parasites (family Besnoitiidae, class Sporozoea), closely related to Toxoplasma, that localise in subcutaneous, connective, serous, and other tissues and are surrounded by a heavy, nucleated wall of host tissue, forming a cyst; hosts include domestic ruminants, reindeer, caribou, rodents, opossums, and reptiles. ... (05 Mar 2000 …
Besnoitia bennetti
A species occurring in horses and asses in North America and Africa, and causing a chronic disease with scabbing, scarring, and thickening of the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Besnoitia besnoiti
A species causing besnoitiasis of cattle, goats, and larger antelopes in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South America, and Asia; it primarily causes a chronic low-grade infection; mechanical transmission is by bloodsucking tabanid horseflies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Besnoitia tarandi
A species occurring in reindeer and caribou, giving rise to a condition called 'cornmeal disease' because of the granular nature of the lesions on the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
besnoitiasis
A disease of cattle primarily caused by Besnoitia besnoiti. Cysts occur chiefly in the connective tissue of the skin, nasal mucous membranes, and serous membranes. Following a febrile stage, depilatory and seborrheic changes occur in the skin. ... Synonym: besnoitiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Besnoitiidae
A family of protozoan parasites, similar to those of the family Toxoplasmatidae, to which the genus Besnoitia belong. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
besnoitiosis
Synonym for besnoitiasis ... A disease of cattle primarily caused by Besnoitia besnoiti. Cysts occur chiefly in the connective tissue of the skin, nasal mucous membranes, and serous membranes. Following a febrile stage, depilatory and seborrheic changes occur in the skin. ... Synonym: besnoitiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
best
Utmost; highest endeavor or state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; as, to do one's best; to the best of our ability. at best, in the utmost degree or extent applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances; as, life is at best very short. For best, finally. 'Those constitutions . . . Are now established for best, and n …
Best, Franz
<person> German pathologist, 1878-1920. ... See: Best's disease, Best's carmine stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Best's carmine stain
<technique> A method for the demonstration of glycogen in tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Best's disease
<disease> Autosomal dominant retinal degeneration in the first several years of life. ... Inheritance: autosomal dominant. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
bestiality
Sexual relations with an animal. ... Synonym: zooerastia. ... Origin: L. Bestia, beast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
besylate
USAN-approved contraction for benzenesulfonate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beta
Entry pre fix is generally ignored for alphabetical reference, look for main portion of word. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
beta (1)-anticollagenase
<chemical> A serum protein inhibitor ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
beta 2-microglobulin
An 11 kD protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in se …
beta alcoholism
Jellinek's term for the physical complaints associated with excessive use of alcohol, such as polyneuropathy, gastritis, and liver cirrhosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beta angle
The angle formed by a line connecting the bregma and hormion meeting the radius fixus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beta blockers
A class of drugs that block the action of adrenaline (a beta adrenergic substance) and can relieve stress to the heart muscle. Beta blockers are often used to slow the heart rate or lower the blood pressure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
beta cell
1. <pathology> Cells of the pancreas within discrete endocrine islands (Islets of Langerhans) embedded in the major exocrine tissue of vertebrate pancreas. ... The B or beta cells (originally distinguished by differential staining from A, C and D), are responsible for synthesis and secretion of insulin, a hormone that controls the level of glu …
beta conformation
A polypeptide chain (often a secondary structure of a protein) arranged as along zig-zag. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
beta emission
<radiobiology> Form of nuclear decay where a neutron splits into a proton plus electron plus neutrino set. The proton stays in the nucleus but the electron (beta ray) is ejected. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
beta error
The statistical error (said to be of the second kind or type II) made in testing when it is concluded that something is negative when it really is positive. ... Beta error is often referred to as a false negative. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
beta fibres
Nerve fibre's having conduction velocities of about 40 m/sec. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beta granule
A granule of a beta cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beta hcg
<radiology> Human chorionic gonadotrophin, beta subunit, 1800 mIU / ml (2nd I.S.), gestational sac should be seen in IUP, doubles every 24-48 hrs in normal IUP, slower rise in ectopic pregnancy ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
beta interferon
A protein liberated by fibroblasts in response to a viral infection. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
beta limit
<radiobiology> if the plasma pressure in a tokamak becomes too high, the so-called ballooning modes become unstable and lead to a loss of confinement (sometimes catastrophic, sometimes not). The exact value at which this occurs depends strongly on the magnetic field B, the plasma minor radius a, and the toroidal plasma current I, such that ma …
beta particle
<physics, radiobiology> An electron or positron emitted from a radioactive nucleus during beta decay. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
beta pleated sheet
<cell biology> Beta secondary structure in proteins consists of two almost fully extended polypeptide chains lying side by side, linked by interchain hydrogen bonds between peptide C=O and N H groups. The chains may run in the same or opposite directions (yielding parallel or antiparallel structures, respectively). When multiple chains are in …
beta radiation
<radiobiology> Radiant energy from a source of beta rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
beta ray
1. <radiobiology> Original term used for electrons (and positrons) ejected from decaying nuclei via beta emission. (Label derives from the old days when we had various kinds of radiation emission, and they were labelled alpha, beta, and gamma (the first letters of the Greek Alphabet) because no one really knew what any of them were.) ... 2. A …
beta rhythm
<neurology> Brain waves in the electroencephalogram which have a frequency of 18 to 30 per second. They are typical during periods of intense activity of the nervous system, and occur principally in the parietal and frontal regions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
