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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

biliopancreatic diversion
A surgical procedure which diverts pancreatobiliary secretions via the duodenum and the jejunum into the colon, the remaining small intestine being anastomosed to the stomach after antrectomy. The procedure produces less diarrhoea than does jejunoileal bypass. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bilious
Synonym: biliary. ... 2. Relating to or characteristic of biliousness. ... 3. Formerly, denoting a temperament characterised by a quick, irritable temper. ... Synonym: choleric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilious headache
Synonym for migraine ... <disease> An often familial symptom complex of periodic attacks of vascular headache, usually temporal and unilateral in onset, commonly associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhoea and often photophobia, attacks are preceded by constriction of the cranial arteries, usually with resultant p …

bilious pneumonia
Pneumonia following aspiration of gastric contents containing bile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilious remittent fever
Old term for relapsing fever, malarial 'bilious' vomiting associated with marked increase of serum bilirubin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilious remittent malaria
A form of falciparum malaria characterised by bilious vomiting, bilious diarrhoea, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilious typhoid of Griesinger
Synonym for relapsing fever ... An acute infection characterised by recurrent episodes of pyrexia alternating with asymptomatic intervals of apparent recovery. This condition has worldwide distribution and is caused by spirochetes of the genus borrelia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bilious vomit
Vomit containing large amounts of bile suggestive of bowel obstruction distal to the papilla of Vater. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

biliousness
An imprecisely delineated congestive disturbance with anorexia, coated tongue, constipation, headache, dizziness, pasty complexion, and, rarely, slight jaundice; assumed to result from hepatic dysfunction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

biliptysis
Occurrence of bile in the sputum. ... Origin: bili-+ G. Pytalon, saliva ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilirachia
Occurrence of bile pigments in the spinal fluid. ... Origin: bili-+ G. Rhachis, spine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilirubin
<biochemistry> A pigment produced when the liver processes waste products. A high bilirubin level causes yellowing of the skin. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

bilirubin encephalopathy
Synonym for kernicterus ... <paediatrics> Disorder due to jaundice in a newborn baby with high blood levels of the pigment bilirubin that is deposited in the brain resulting in damage. The level of bilirubin is monitored in newborns to determine whether treatment is needed to prevent kernicterus. With brain affected, it is also called bilirubi …

bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucuronate and bilirubin forming UDP and bilirubin-glucuronoside; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with Crigler-Najjar syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilirubinaemia
The presence of bilirubin in the blood, where it is normally present in relatively small amounts; the term is usually used in relation to increased concentrations observed in various pathologic conditions where there is excessive destruction of erythrocytes or interference with the mechanism of excretion in the bile. Determination of the quantity o …

bilirubinglobulin
A bilirubin-globulin complex; a transport form of bilirubin to the liver where bilirubin is converted to a diglucuronic acid derivative and passes into the bile. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilirubinoids
<biochemistry> Generic term denoting intermediates in the conversion of bilirubin to stercobilin by reductive enzymes in intestinal bacteria. Included are mesobilirubin, mesobilane mesobilene-b, urobilinogen, urobilin, reduction products of mesobilane (stercobilinogen) and mesobilene (stercobilin), and mesobiliviolin. ... Most are found in nor …

bilirubinuria
The presence of bilirubin in the urine. ... Origin: bilirubin + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilitherapy
Treatment with bile or bile salts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilitranslocase
<chemical> Plasma membrane protein involved in hepatic bilibubin and organic anion uptake ... Chemical name: translocase, bilirubin ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

biliuria
The presence of various bile salts, or bile, in the urine. ... Synonym: choleuria, choluria. ... Origin: bili-+ G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

biliverdin
<biochemistry> A green pigment found in bile which is formed during haem catabolism, mainly the breaking down of old red blood cells, within the liver. It has the chemical formula C33H34N4O6. It transforms into the red-orange bile pigment bilirubin. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

biliverdine
<chemical> 1,3,6,7-tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesised from haemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of amphibia and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum. ... Chemical name: 21H-Biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid, 3,18-diethenyl-1,19,22,24-tetrahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo- ... (1 …

biliverdinglobin
An obsolete term for choleglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bill, Arthur
<person> U.S. Obstetrician, 1877-1961. ... See: Bill's manoeuvre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bill's manoeuvre
Forceps rotation of the foetal head at mid-pelvis before extraction of the head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

billfish
<zoology> A name applied to several distinct fishes: The garfish (Tylosurus, or Belone, longirostris) and allied species. The saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (Scomberesox saurus). The Tetrapturus albidus, a large oceanic species related to the swordfish; the spearfish. The American fresh water garpike (Lepidosteus osseus). ... Sour …

billing credit
A payment by the Bonneville Power Administration to a wholesale customer for actions taken by that customer to reduce BPA's obligations to acquire new resources. The payment is usually made by an offset against billings. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

billowing mitral valve syndrome
Synonym for mitral valve prolapse syndrome ... <syndrome> The clinical constellation of findings with or without symptoms due to prolapse of the mitral valve: a nonejection systolic click accentuated in the standing posture, sometimes multiple, sometimes with mitral regurgitation occurring relatively late in systole, and accompanied by echocar …

Billroth I anastomosis
Synonym for Billroth's operation I ... Excision of the pylorus with end-to-end anastomosis of stomach and duodenum. ... Synonym: Billroth I anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Billroth II anastomosis
Synonym for Billroth's operation II ... Resection of the pylorus with the greater part of the lesser curvature of the stomach, closure of the cut ends of the duodenum and stomach, followed by a gastrojejunostomy. ... Synonym: Billroth II anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Billroth, C A Theodor
<person> Austrian surgeon, 1829-1894. ... See: Billroth's cords, Billroth's operation I, Billroth's operation II, Billroth's venae cavernosae, Billroth I anastomosis, Billroth II anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Billroth's cords
Synonym for splenic cords ... The tissue occurring between the venous sinuses in the spleen. ... Synonym: Billroth's cords, red pulp cords. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Billroth's i operation
<procedure, surgery> The excision of the pylorus with end-to-end anastomosis of the stomach and the duodenum. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Billroth's operation I
Excision of the pylorus with end-to-end anastomosis of stomach and duodenum. ... Synonym: Billroth I anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Billroth's operation II
Resection of the pylorus with the greater part of the lesser curvature of the stomach, closure of the cut ends of the duodenum and stomach, followed by a gastrojejunostomy. ... Synonym: Billroth II anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Billroth's venae cavernosae
Synonym for venae cavernosae of spleen ... Small tributaries of the splenic vein in the pulp of the spleen. ... Synonym: Billroth's venae cavernosae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilobectomy
<procedure> Surgical excision of two lobes (of the lung). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilobed
Having two lobes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilobed flap
A flap consisting of two lobes at approximately right angles, based on a common pedicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilobular
Having two lobules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilocular
Having two cavities. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bilocular femoral hernia
Synonym for Cooper's hernia ... A femoral hernia with two sacs, the first being in the femoral canal, and the second passing through a defect in the superficial fascia and appearing immediately beneath the skin. ... Synonym: bilocular femoral hernia, Hey's hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilocular joint
One in which the intra-articular disk is complete, dividing the joint into two distinct cavities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bilocular stomach
Synonym for hourglass stomach ... A condition in which there is a central constriction of the wall of the stomach dividing it into two cavities, cardiac and pyloric. ... Synonym: bilocular stomach, ectasia ventriculi paradoxa. ... Leather-bottle stomach, marked thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall, with reduced capacity of the lumen although of …

bilokinase
<enzyme> Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bilophodont
Having two longitudinal ridges on the premolar and molar teeth; designating certain animals, such as the kangaroo. ... Origin: bi-+ G. Lophos, ridge, + odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimanual
Relating to, or performed by, both hands. ... Origin: bi-+ L. Manus, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimanual percussion
Immediate percussion in which the finger of one hand taps the other hand; a form of mediate percussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimanual version
Turning of the baby in utero, performed by the hands acting upon both extremities of the foetus; it may be external version or combined version. ... Synonym: bipolar version. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimastoid
Relating to both mastoid processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimaxillary
Relating to both the right and left maxillae; sometimes used when describing something affecting both halves of the upper jaw. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimaxillary protrusion
The excessive forward projection of both the maxilla and the mandible in relation to the cranial base. ... Synonym: double protrusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimaxillary protrusive occlusion
An occlusion in which both the maxilla and mandible protrude, causing the long axes of the maxillary anterior teeth to be at an extremely acute angle to the mandibular teeth; may be secondary to a skeletal or dental deformity, or both; seen commonly in blacks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimodal
Denoting a frequency curve characterised by two peaks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimolecular
Involving two molecules, as in a bimolecular reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bimolecular step
<chemistry> Two species are reacting and form the transition state ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

bimuscular
<marine biology> Having two adductor muscles, as a bivalve mollusk. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

binangle
1. The second angle given the shank of an angled instrument to bring its working end close to the axis of the handle in order to prevent it from turning about the axis. ... 2. A dental instrument possessing the above characteristics. ... Origin: L. Bini, pair, + angulus, angle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binary
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterised by two (things). Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 i …

binary acid
<chemistry> This refers to any compound that acts as an acid and which is composed of hydrogen plus only one other element. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

binary collisions
<radiobiology> Collisions involving only two particles, multiparticle collisions (e.g., three-body collisions) are usually neglected or approximated. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

binary combination
The name of a species of bacteria consisting of two parts: a generic name and a specific epithet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binary complex
A noncovalent complex of two molecules; often referring to the enzyme-substrate complex in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. ... Compare: central complex, Michaelis complex. ... Synonym: enzyme-substrate complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binary compound
<chemistry> This refers to any compound that is composed of only two elements. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

binary digit
The smallest unit of digital information expressed in the binary system of notation (either 0 or 1). ... The signal in computing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binary fission
<cell biology> Division of a cell into two daughter cells after DNA replication and nuclear division (mitosis). A form of asexual reproduction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

binary nomenclature
Synonym for linnaean system of nomenclature ... The system of nomenclature in which the names of species are composed of two parts, a generic name and a specific epithet (species name, in botany). ... Synonym: binary nomenclature, binomial nomenclature. ... Origin: Carl von Linne ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binary process
A random event with two exhaustive and mutually exclusive outcomes; a Bernoulli process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binasal hemianopia
Blindness in the nasal field of vision of both eyes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binaural
Relating to both ears. ... Synonym: binotic. ... Origin: L. Bini, a pair, + auris, ear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bind
1. To tie, or confine with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; as, to bind grain in bundles; to bind a prisoner. ... 2. To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of any kind; as, attraction binds the planets to the sun; frost binds the earth, or the streams. 'He bindeth the floods from overflowing.' (Job …

binder
1. A broad bandage, especially one encircling the abdomen. ... 2. Anything that binds. ... See: bind. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bindin
<biochemistry> Molecule of around 30 kD normally sequestered in the acrosomal vesicle of a sea urchin spermatozoon and that through its specific lectin like binding to the vitelline membrane of the egg confers species specificity in fertilization. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

binding
<biochemistry, chemistry, molecular biology> The adherence of molecules to one another, for example, enzymes to substrates, antibodies to antigens, DNA strands to their complementary strands. ... Binding occurs because the shape and chemical natures of parts of the molecules surfaces are complementary. A common metaphor is the 'lock-and-key,' …

binding constant
Synonym for association constant ... <chemistry> Reciprocal of dissociation constant. A measure of the extent of a reversible association between two molecular species at equilibrium. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

binding energy
<chemistry, radiobiology> The binding energy of a nucleus is the minimum energy required to dissociate it into its component neutrons and protons. Neutron or proton binding energies are those required to remove a neutron or proton, respectively, from a nucleus. Electron binding energy is that required to remove an electron from an atom or a m …

binding sites
The reactive parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

binding sites, antibody
Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens. They are formed from parts of the variable regions of the fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Binet age
The age of the normal child with whose intelligence (as measured by the Stanford-Binet scale) the intelligence of the abnormal child corresponds (the profoundly retarded individual functions like a child of 1 to 2 years; the moderately to severely retarded, 3 to 7 years; the borderline to mildly retarded, 8 to 12 years). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Binet scale
A measure of intelligence designed for both children and adults. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Binet test
Synonym for Stanford-Binet intelligence scale ... A standardised test for the measurement of intelligence consisting of a series of questions, graded according to the intelligence of normal children at different ages, the answers to which indicate the mental age of the person tested; primarily used with children, but also contains norms for adults s …

Binet-Simon scale
Forerunner of individual intelligence tests, particularly the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, and sometimes referred to as the Binet scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Binet, Alfred
<person> French psychologist, 1857-1911. ... See: Binet age, Binet scale, Binet test, Binet-Simon scale, Stanford-Binet intelligence scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bing, Paul Robert
<person> German neurologist, 1878-1956. ... See: Bing's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bing, Richard
<person> U.S. Physician, *1909. ... See: Taussig-Bing disease, Taussig-Bing syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bing's reflex
When the foot is passively dorsiflexed, plantar flexion occurs if any point on the ankle between the two malleoli is tapped. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bingham flow
The flow characteristics exhibited by a Bingham plastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bingham model
A model representing the flow behaviour of a Bingham plastic, in the idealised case. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bingham plastic
A material that, in the idealised case, does not flow until a critical stress (yield stress) is exceeded, and then flows at a rate proportional to the excess of stress over the yield stress; real materials probably only approach this ideal model. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bingham, E
<person> U.S. Chemist, 1878-1945. ... See: Bingham flow, Bingham model, Bingham plastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Binn's bacterium
A type of the typhoid-paratyphoid subgroups of the nonlactose-fermenting bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binocular
1. Having two eyes. 'Most animals are binocular.' ... 2. Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at once; as, binocular vision. ... 3. Adapted to the use of both eyes; as, a binocular microscope or telescope. ... Origin: Cf. F. Binoculaire. See Binocle. ... A binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or microscope. ... Source: Websters Dicti …

binocular fixation
A condition in which both eyes are simultaneously directed to the same target. ... Synonym: bifoveal fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binocular heterochromia
An increase or decrease in pigmentation of one eye, with or without extraocular pigmentary defects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binocular microscope
<instrument, microscopy> A microscope fitted with double eyepieces for vision with both eyes. The purpose in dividing the same image from a single objective of the usual compound micro-scope is to reduce eyestrain and muscular fatigue which may result from monocular, high-power microscopy. ... The purpose in obtaining a different image for eac …

binocular ophthalmoscope
<instrument> An ophthalmoscope that provides a stereoscopic view of the fundus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binocular parallax
The difference in the angles formed by the lines of sight to two objects situated at different distances from the eyes; a factor in the visual perception of depth. ... Synonym: stereoscopic parallax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binocular rivalry
Alteration in perception of portions of the visual field when the two eyes are simultaneously and rapidly exposed to targets containing dissimilar colours or borders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

binocular vision
Vision with a single image, by both eyes simultaneously. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...