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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase
<enzyme> Benzoate to catechol; prior to 1992 was EC 1.13.99.2 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.12.10 ... Synonym: benzoate hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzoate coenzyme A ligase
<enzyme> From rhodopseudomonas palustris; involved in anaerobic degradation of benzoate; high specificity for benzoate and fluorobenzoate ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.25 ... Synonym: benzoate-CoA ligase, benzoic acid coenzyme a ligase, benzoyl-CoA ligase, benzoyl CoA synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzoate synthase
<enzyme> Enzyme or system catalyzing synthesis of benzoate from cinnamate (75) ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzoated
Containing benzoic acid or a benzoate, usually sodium benzoate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzocaine
<chemical> 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester. A surface anaesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibres and at nerve endings. It is comparatively non-irritating and has low systemic toxicity. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthetics, local. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, ethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzodiazepine
<pharmacology> A class of drug widely used in medical practice as CNS depressants, for example diazepam (the tranquilliser Valium). Enhance the inhibitory action of GABA by modulating GABAA receptors. ... (06 Aug 1998) ...

benzodiazepines
A two-ring heterocyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any h-isomer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzoflavones
<chemical> Organic compounds containing a benzene ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of nucleic acids to benzopyrenes and related compounds. The designatin includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered. ... Pharmacological ac …

benzoic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin. Benzoic acid, or flowers of benzoin, a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. ... It is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odour is aromatic; its t …

benzoic acid
C6H5COOH;occurs naturally in gum benzoin; it is used as a food preservative, locally as a fungistatic, and orally as an antiseptic, diuretic, and expectorant. It is excreted rapidly as hippuric acid. ... Synonym: benzoyl hydrate, flowers of benzoin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoic aldehyde
Synonym for benzaldehyde ... C6H5CHO;an aldehyde produced artificially or obtained from oil of bitter almond, containing not less than 80% of benzaldehyde; a flavoring agent used in orally administered medicines. ... Synonym: benzoic aldehyde. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoin
1. A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc, having a fragrant odour, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. ... 2. A white crystalline substance, C14H12O2, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources. ... 3. < …

benzoinated lard
Used as a lubricant, in the manufacture of soap, for oiling wool, and as an illuminant. Formerly used as an ointment base. ... Origin: L. Lardum ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzol
Synonym for benzene ... <chemistry> A volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum. …

benzolamide
<chemical> 5-benzenesulfonamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide. Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure. ... Pharmacological action: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, 5-((phenylsulfonyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzomorphan
6,7-Benzomorphan; 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-2,6-methano-3-benzazocine;the parent compound of a series of analgesics including pentazocine and phenazocine; it does not possess analgesic properties itself. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzomorphans
Morphine derivatives of the methanobenzazocine family that act as potent analgesics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzonase
<enzyme> Product of genetic engineering which hydrolyzes both DNA and RNA; from serratia marcescens; no further information available 11/94 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... Synonym: benzon nuclease, ben endonuclease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzonatate
Nonaethyleneglycol monomethyl ether p-n-butylaminobenzoate;an antitussive agent related chemically to tetracaine; thought to act by depressing mechanoreceptors in the lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzophenone synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses reaction of 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to form 2,3',4,6'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, carbon dioxide and coenzyme a; isolated from centaurium erythraea ... Registry number: EC 6.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzophenoneidum
<chemical> 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenonimide. An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, disinfectants, dyes. ... Chemical name: Benzenamine, 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis(N,N-dimethyl-, monohydrochloride ... …

benzopurpurin 4B
A red acid dye, C34H26N6O6S2Na2, formerly used as a plasma stain and as an indicator (changes from violet to red in the pH range 1.2 to 4.0). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzopyrene
<chemical> Polycyclic aromatic compound. Potent mutagen and carcinogen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

benzopyrene 4,5-oxide reductase
<enzyme> Nadph and cytochrome p-450-dependent reduces epoxide to glycol ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-epoxide reductase, bap 4,5-or, benz(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzopyrene hydroxylase
<enzyme> A drug-metabolizing, cytochrome p-448 (p-450) enzyme which catalyses the hydroxylation of benzopyrene to 3-hydroxybenzopyrene in the presence of reduced flavoprotein and molecular oxygen. Also acts on certain anthracene derivatives. ... Registry number: EC 1.14.14.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzopyrenes
A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzoquinones
Benzene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzoquinonium chloride
A skeletal muscle relaxant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoresinol
A resinous constituent of benzoin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzosulfimide
Synonym for saccharin ... <chemical> In dilute aqueous solution this compound is 300 to 500 times sweeter than sucrose, used as a sweetening agent. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

benzothiadiazides
A class of diuretics that increase the excretion of sodium and chloride and an accompanying volume of water, independent of alterations in acid-base balance; most of the compounds in this group are analogues of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide. ... See: benzthiazide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoxiquine
8-quinolinol benzoate ester;a disinfectant. ... Synonym: benzoxyline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoxyline
Synonym for benzoxiquine ... 8-quinolinol benzoate ester;a disinfectant. ... Synonym: benzoxyline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoyl hydrate
Synonym for benzoic acid ... C6H5COOH;occurs naturally in gum benzoin; it is used as a food preservative, locally as a fungistatic, and orally as an antiseptic, diuretic, and expectorant. It is excreted rapidly as hippuric acid. ... Synonym: benzoyl hydrate, flowers of benzoin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoyl peroxide
<chemical> Dibenzoyl peroxide. A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for burns and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of acne and poison ivy. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. ... Pharmacological action: keratolytic agents. ... Chemical name: Peroxide, dibenzoyl ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase
<enzyme> A fad-dependent hydroxylase that hydroxylates benzoyl-CoA to 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA; mw 130 kD (composed of two identical subunits of 56 kD); from denitrifying pseudomonas sp. ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: benzoyl-coenzyme a 3-monooxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzoyl-coenzyme A-4-oxidoreductase
<enzyme> Acts on an aromatic ch-ch bond; catalyses the conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA to benzoyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.- ... Synonym: benzoyl-CoA-4-oxidoreductase, 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase (dehydroxylating), hbab gene product, hbac gene product, hbad gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzoylarginine nitroanilide
<chemical> (+-)-n-(4-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-1-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)carbonyl)butyl)benzamide. A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain and trypsin, by colourimetry. The substrate liberates p-nitroaniline as a chromogenic product. ... Pharmacological action: chromogenic compounds.
benzoylarginine-2-naphthylamide
<chemical> N-[4-guanidino-1-(2-naphthylcarbamoyl)butyl]-dl-benzamide. An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. Trypsin and thrombin. The enzymes liberate 2-naphthylamine, which is measured by colourimetric procedures. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, N-(4-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-1-((2-naphthalenylami …

benzoylcholine
<chemical> The benzoic acid ester of choline. ... Chemical name: Ethanaminium, 2-(benzoyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzoylcholinesterase
An obsolete term for cholinesterase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoylecgonine
A metabolite of cocaine produced by hydrolysis; it can be found in the urine. ... Synonym: benzoate, ecgonine benzoate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzoylpas calcium
4-Benzamidosalicylic acid calcium salt;an antituberculous agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzperidol
Synonym for benperidol ... <chemical> A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of haloperidol. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behaviour. ... Pharmacological action: antipsychotic agents, butyrophenone, dopamine antagonists. ... Chemical name: 2H-Benzimidazol-2-one, 1-(1-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl)-4-pipe …

benzphetamine
<chemical> A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine. It is used in the treatment of obesity. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic agents, adrenergic uptake inhibitors, appetite depressants, central nervous system stimulants, dopamine agents, dopamine uptake inhibitors, sympathomimetic. ... Chemical name: Benzeneeth …

benzphetamine hydrochloride
N-Benzyl-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic agent used as an anorexiant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzphetamine N-demethylase
<enzyme> Member of the cytochrome p-450 2b subfamily ... Registry number: EC 1.5.- ... Synonym: benzphetamine demethylase, cytochrome p450lgm2, p450lgm2, cytochrome p-450 cyplgm2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzpyrene
An environmental carcinogen found in jet fuel exhaust, cigarette smoke, and charcoal broiled meats; a powerful enzyme inducer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzpyrinium bromide
1-benzyl-3-hydroxypyridinium bromide diethylcarbamate;a cholinergic drug with action and uses similar to those of neostigmine. ... Synonym: benzstigminum bromidum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzquinamide
A benzoquinoline amide used as an antiemetic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzstigminum bromidum
Synonym for benzpyrinium bromide ... 1-benzyl-3-hydroxypyridinium bromide diethylcarbamate;a cholinergic drug with action and uses similar to those of neostigmine. ... Synonym: benzstigminum bromidum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzthiazide
3-[(Benzylthio)methyl]-6-chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide;a diuretic and antihypertensive agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benztropine
<drug> This prescription drug is used to treat Parkinson's syndrome. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

benztropine mesylate
3-Diphenylmethoxytropane methanesulfonate;a parasympatholytic agent with atropine-like and antihistaminic actions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzydamine
<chemical> 1-benzyl-3-(3-dimethylamino)propoxy)-1h-indazole monohydrochloride. An analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent used to reduce post-surgical and posttraumatic pain and oedema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of rheumatic disease and inflammation of the mouth and throat. ... Pharmacological ac …

benzydamine hydrochloride
1-benzyl-3-[3-dimethylamino)propoxy]-1H-indazole;an analgesic and antipyretic. ... Synonym: benzindamine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzyl alcohol
<chemical> A colourless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odour. It is used as a local anaesthetic and to reduce pain associated with lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthetics, local, pharmaceutic …

benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to yield benzaldehyde ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

benzyl alcohols
Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (c6h5ch2-) and defined by c6h5choh. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzyl carbinol
Synonym for phenylethyl alcohol ... <chemical> An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, local, disinfectants, preservatives, pharmaceutical. ... Chemical name: Benzeneethanol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzyl cinnamate
Trans-cinnamic benzyl ester;a constituent of balsams of Peru, Tolu, and styrax. ... Synonym: cinnamein. ... Benzyl fumarate, (C6H5CH2) OOCCHCHCOO(CH2C6H5; dibenzyl fumarate;used for the same purposes as benzyl benzoate. ... Benzyl mandelate, the benzyl ester of mandelic acid, having an antispasmodic action similar to that of benzyl benzoate. ... Benzyl …

benzyl penicillin
Synonym for penicillin G ... <chemical> (2s-(2 alpha,5 alpha,6 beta))-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria …

benzyl viologen
<chemical> 1,1'-bis(phenylmethyl)4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride. Oxidation-reduction indicator. ... Chemical name: 4,4'-Bipyridinium, 1,1'-bis(phenylmethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzylamine oxidase
<enzyme> An aspect of monoamine oxidase, catalyses the oxidation of benzylamine to form benzaldehyde, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. ... Registry number: EC 1.4.3.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzylamines
Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are any substituents on the benzene ring or the amino group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzylic
Relating to or containing benzyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzylidene
The hydrocarbon radical, C6H5CH==. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzylidene compounds
Compounds containing the phch= radical. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

benzylisoquinolines
A group of alkaloids found primarily in poppy plants (Papaveraceae). Curare alkaloids are bisbenzylisoquinolines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzyloxycarbonyl
Amino-protecting radical used (as the chloride) in peptide synthesis, yielding PhCH2OCO-NHR. ... Synonym: carbobenzoxy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

benzyloxyphenoxazone debenzylase
<enzyme> Membrane-bound haem containing enzyme; sensitive to metyrapone ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: bopx debenzylase, cytochrome p-450-dependent benzyloxyphenoxazone debenzylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bephenium compounds
<chemical> Analogs or derivatives of bephenium (n,n-dimethyl-n-(2-phenoxyethyl)benzenemethanaminium). ... Pharmacological action: antinematodal agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
Benzyldimethyl-(2-phenoxyethyl)ammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate;a drug used against Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms of man); now largely replaced by mebendazole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bepridil
<chemical> Beta-((2-methylpropoxy)methyl)-n-phenyl-n-(phenylmethyl)-1-pyrrolidineethanamine. A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin a …

bequeath
1. To give or leave by will; to give by testament; said especially of personal property. 'My heritage, which my dead father did bequeath to me.' (Shak) ... 2. To hand down; to transmit. 'To bequeath posterity somewhat to remember it.' (Glanvill) ... 3. To give; to offer; to commit. 'To whom, with all submission, on my knee I do bequeath my faithful s …

BER
<abbreviation> Basic electrical rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Beradinelli, Waldemar
<person> Argentinian physician, 1903-1956. ... See: Beradinelli's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Beradinelli's syndrome
<syndrome> The clinical findings of accelerated growth, lipodystrophy with muscular hypertrophy, hepatomegaly and lipaemia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Berard, Auguste
<person> French surgeon, 1802-1846. ... See: Berard's aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Berard's aneurysm
An arteriovenous aneurysm in the tissues outside the injured vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Beraud, Bruno
<person> French surgeon, 1825-1865. ... See: Beraud's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Beraud's valve
A small fold in the interior of the lacrimal sac at its junction with the lacrimal duct. ... Synonym: Krause's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

berbamunine synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses the oxidative c-o phenol coupling reaction in the biosynthesis of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids; from the plant berberis stolonifera; genbank u09610 ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.34 ... Synonym: berbamunine-forming cytochrome p-450, cyp80 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

berberine
<chemical> A toxic organic substance with the chemical formula C20H19NO5 which is found in the roots of certain plants such as barberry and golden seal. It kills amoebas (is an amebicide) and is used to treat cholera. ... It cannot be dissolved in water, but is soluble in alcohol and ether. It has a melting point of 145 degrees Celsius when dr …

bereavement
Refers to the whole process of grieving and mourning and is associated with a deep sense of loss and sadness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Berg, Paul
<person> An American biochemist born in 1926, who won the Nobel Prize for developing a DNA mapping method. Also he determined that it takes two steps to oxidize fatty acids. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

Berg's stain
<technique> A method for staining spermatozoa, utilizing a carbol-fuchsin solution followed by dilute acetic acid and methylene blue; spermatozoa are stained a brilliant red and most other structures appear blue to purple. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bergamot
1 . ... <botany> A tree of the Orange family (Citrus bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odour is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. A variety of mint (Mentha aquatica, glabrata). ... 2. The essence or perfume made from the fruit. ... 3. A variety of pear. ... …

Berger cells
Synonym for hilus cells ... Cell's in the hilus of the ovary that produce androgens; they are thought to be the ovarian counterpart of the interstitial cell's of the testis. ... Synonym: Berger cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Berger rhythm
Synonym for alpha rhythm ... Brain waves in the encephalogram which have a frequency of 8 to 13 per second. They are typical of the normal person awake and in a quiet resting state, and occur principally in the occipital region. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Berger, Emil
<person> Austrian ophthalmologist, 1855-1926. ... See: Berger's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Berger, Hans
<person> German neurologist, 1873-1941. ... See: Berger rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Berger, Jean
<person> 20th century French nephrologist. ... See: Berger's disease, Berger's focal glomerulonephritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Berger's disease
<disease, nephrology> This is a form of glomerulonephritis that results from the deposition of circulating IgA antibody in the kidney tissues. ... Inflammation of the glomerulus (glomerulonephritis) is the result and may present as acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. ... Berger's disea …

Berger's focal glomerulonephritis
Synonym for focal glomerulonephritis ... Glomerulonephritis affecting a small proportion of renal glomeruli which commonly presents with haematuria and may be associated with acute upper respiratory infection in young males, not usually due to streptococci; associated with IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangium and may also be associated with syst …

Berger's space
The space between the patellar fossa of the vitreous and the lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bergmann, Gottleib
<person> German neurologist and anatomist, 1781-1861. ... See: Bergmann's cords, Bergmann's fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bergmann's cords
Synonym for medullary striae of fourth ventricle ... Slender fascicles of fibres extending transversally below the ependymal floor of the ventricle from the median sulcus to enter the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They arise from the arcuate nuclei on the ventral surface of the medullary pyramid. ... Synonym: striae medullares ventriculi quarti, acou …

Bergmann's fibres
Filamentous glia fibre's traversing the cerebellar cortex perpendicular to the surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bergmeister, O
<person> Austrian ophthalmologist, 1845-1918. ... See: Bergmeister's papilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...