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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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bioinformatics<study> The use of computers in solving information problems in the life sciences, mainly, it involves the creation of extensive electronic databases on genomes, protein sequences, etc. Secondarily, it involves techniques such as the three-dimensional modeling of biomolecules and biologic systems. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
bioinstrumentA sensor or device usually attached to or embedded in the human body or other living animal to record and to transmit physiologic data to a receiving and monitoring station. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bioinstrumentation<physiology> The use of machines and sensors to monitor physiological data from the body. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biokineticsThe study of the growth changes and movements that developing organisms undergo. ... Origin: bio-+ G. Kinesis, motion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biolistics<molecular biology> A method developed to inject DNA into cells by mixing the DNA with small metal particles and then firing the particles into the host cell at very high speeds. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biologicPertaining to biology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
biologic evolutionBiologic evolution was contrasted with cultural evolution in 1968 by A.G. Motulsky who pointed out that biologic evolution is mediated by genes, shows a slow rate of change, employs random variation (mutations) and selection as agents of change, new variants are often harmful, these new variants are transmitted from parents to offspring, the mode o …
biologic haemolysisHaemolysis caused by agents elaborated by various animal and plant forms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biologic timeThe concept that our appreciation of time varies with age and is governed by the neural organization of the individual; it obeys a logarithmic rather than an arithmetic law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biologicalPertaining to biology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
biological agent<microbiology> A disease-causing microorganism or virus, or other toxic biological matter, which is used as a weapon during war. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological assay<technique> Once a pharmaceutical protein is isolated from the cells in which it was grown, researchers perform tests to measure the protein's biological activity. ... It must maintain a certain minimal level of biological activity to be used for animal or clinical testing or, later, for market. Researchers also test to confirm that the isolat …
biological assessmentA specific process required as part of an environmental assessment. An evaluation of potential effects of a proposed project on proposed, endangered, threatened, and sensitive animal and plant species and their habitats. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
biological availabilityThe extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological chemistrySynonym for biochemistry ... The scientific study of the chemistry of living cells, tissues, organs and organisms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
biological clock<biology, physiology> An internal biological mechanism which controls certain biological rhythms and biocycles, such as metabolism, sleep cycles, photosynthesis. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological clocksThe physiological mechanisms that govern the rhythmic occurrence of certain biochemical, physiological, and behavioural phenomena in plants and animals. The pineal gland, which receives input from the optic nerves and connects to the hypothalamus, may be the biological clock in humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological coefficientRarely used term denoting the energy expended by the body at rest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biological containment<molecular biology> Refers to any number of methods to contain genetically engineered organisms by creating biochemical barriers to prevent them from growing outside the laboratory. ... In the case of bacteria and yeasts, genes in the organisms may be altered so that they need to have a supply of a nutrient that is normally found only in the l …
biological control<agriculture> The agricultural use of living things, such as parasites, diseases, and predators, to control or eliminate others, such as weeds and pests, rather than by using chemicals (herbicides and pesticides). ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological dressingsHuman or animal tissue used as temporary wound coverings. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological engineering<agriculture> A type of artificial selection, the creation of plant or animal breeds that are agriculturally or industrially useful. ... Compare: natural selection. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological factorsCompounds made by living organisms. They have biological or physiological activities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological half-life<biochemistry, biology> This is the time required for one-half of the total amount of a particular substance in a biological system to be consumed or broken down by biological processes when the rate of removal is approximately exponential. ... Toxic chemicals with a long biological half-life (such as some pesticides) will tend to accumulate i …
biological hazard potential<radiobiology> Measure of the hazard posed by a given quantity of radioactive material in which the variation in biological effects of the various elements are accounted for. ... See: integrated biological hazard potential. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological immunotherapySynonym for immunotherapy ... <immunology> Treatment of disease by stimulating the bodys own immune system. This is a type of therapy currently being researched as a treatment for cancer. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
biological magnification<biology, zoology> The process by which toxins such as pesticides build up in each successive link in the food chain. ... For instance, a given population of beetles may have very low levels of a fat-soluble pesticide, but the pesticide will build to much greater levels in the fat of a bird that eats those beetles, and the pesticide will reach …
biological markersMeasurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure an …
biological monitoringThis is the periodic examination of biological specimens for the purposes of monitoring their exposure to or the effects of potentially toxic chemicals to the environment. This is normally done by analysing the amounts of the toxic substances or their metabolites present in body tissues and fluids. The term is also used to mean assessment of the bi …
biological oceanography<study> The study of marine plants and animals and the way they interact with the marine environments. Similar to the study of marine biology. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological oxidationDecomposition of organic materials by microorganisms. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
biological phenomenaBiological functions and activities at the organic and molecular levels in humans, animals, microorganisms, and plants. For biochemical and metabolic processes, biochemical phenomena is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological productsComplex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or agents of organic origin, usually obtained by biological methods or assay, that depend for their action on the processes affecting immunity. They are used especially in diagnosis and treatment of disease (as vaccines or pollen extracts). Biological products are differentiated from biological facto …
biological psychiatryAn interdisciplinary science concerned with studies of the biological bases of behaviour - biochemical, genetic, physiological, and neurological - and applying these to the understanding and treatment of mental illness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological response modifier<pharmacology, oncology> A substance used in adjuvant therapy that takes advantage of the bodys own natural defense mechanisms to inhibit the growth of a tumour. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
biological response modifiersSubstances that stimulate the body's response to infection and disease. The body naturally produces small amounts of these substances. Scientists can produce some of them in the laboratory in large amounts and use them in cancer treatment. Also called BRMs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological samplingDenotes sampling that can be taken without jeopardy to the whole organism (e.g., for haematological or biochemical study). Because of the complexity of biological samples it is usually supposed that the source of the sample is thoroughly mixed and hence representative; this assumption is often not true e.g., in genetic studies in mosaic patients.
biological sciences
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from biology, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with t …
biological specificity
<biology, zoology> The specific, orderly patterns of development and metabolism which define and characterise an individual and its species. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological specimen banks
Centres for collecting, storing, and distributing human or other animal material or tissues for future use by other individuals, as blood banks, bone banks, eye banks, milk banks, skin banks, sperm banks, and tissue banks. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological standard unit
A specific quantity of biologically active reference material (antibiotic, antitoxin, enzyme, hormone, vitamin, etc.). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biological therapy
<oncology> Treatment with substances that can stimulate the immune system to fight disease more effectively. ... Synonym: immunotherapy. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
biological transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) across cell membranes and epithelial layers, usually by passive diffusion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological transport, active
The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biological value
<nutrition> The nutritional value of a protein, usually measured in comparison to the nutritional value of egg protein, which is the highest possible (BV=0.9 - 1.00). ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biological vector
A vector, such as the Anopheles mosquito for malarial agents or the tsetse fly for agents of African sleeping sickness, in which the agent multiplies prior to being transmitted to another host. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biological warfare
<microbiology> The military use of harmful biological agents such as pathogenic bacteria. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biologics
<microbiology> Agents, such as vaccines, that give immunity to diseases or harmful biotic stresses. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biologist
<specialist> A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biology
<study> The scientific study of living organisms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
bioluminescence
<biochemistry> Light produced by a living organism. The best known system is firefly luciferase (an ATPase), which is used routinely as a sensitive ATP assay system. ... Many other organisms, particularly deep sea organisms, produce light and even leucocytes emit a small amount of light when their oxidative metabolism is stimulated. does not r …
biolysis
<biology> The decay or decomposition of organic matter into simpler chemicals by organisms. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biolytic
<biology> Relating to the destruction of life. ... Origin: Gr. Life + to destroy. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomacromolecule
A naturally occurring substance of large molecular weight (e.g., protein, DNA). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biomagnetic
<physics> Relating to biomagnetism. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomarker
<biochemistry> A specific biochemical in the body which has a particular molecular feature that makes it useful for measuring the progress of disease or the effects of treatment. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomass
1. <plant biology> Plant material that can be converted into fuel. ... 2. <ecology> A quantitative estimate of the entire amount of living organisms in a particular habitat, it can be measured in terms of volume, mass, or caloric energy. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomass energy
See Bioenergy. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
biomass fuel
Liquid, solid, or gaseous fuel produced by conversion of biomass. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
biomaterial
<pharmacology> Any nondrug material that can be used to treat, enhance, or replace any tissue, organ, or function in an organism. ... Also refers to biologically derived material that is used for its structural rather than its biological properties, for example, using collagen, the protein found in bone and connective tissues, as a cosmetic in …
biome
<ecology> A region which has distinct types of organisms, substrates, and climate, all interacting to produce a large, distinct, and complex biotic community. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomechanics
<study> The study of the body in terms of its mechanical structure and properties. Locomotion of the body is one of the more important things to which the mechanical laws are applied for study. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomedical
1. Pertaining to those aspects of the natural sciences, especially the biologic and physiologic sciences, that relate to or underlie medicine. ... 2. Biological and medical, i.e., encompassing both the science(s) and the art of medicine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biomedical and dental materials
Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biomedical engineering
<orthopaedics> The use of engineering technology, instrumentation and methods to solve medical problems, such as improving our understanding of physiology and the manufacture of artificial limbs and organs. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomedical model
A conceptual model of illness that excludes psychological and social factors and includes only biological factors in an attempt to understand a person's medical illness or disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biomembrane
A structure bounding a cell or cell organelle; it contains lipids, proteins, glycolipids, steroids, etc. ... Synonym: membrana, membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biometer
<physiology> A device which is used to measure the tiny amounts of carbon dioxide that functioning tissues give off. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biometrical genetics
<study> The mathematical approach to the study of the inheritance of different phenotypes, or physical characteristics, as a result of plant or animal breeding. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
biometrical school
A group of British geneticists, followers of Galton and Karl Pearson, whose approach to genetics was quantitative rather than enumerative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biometrician
One who specialises in the science of biometry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biometrics
<study> The statistical approach to the study of biology, especially to biological events like births and deaths, and other biological observations. ... The calculation of life expectancy. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomicroscope
Synonym for slit lamp ... <apparatus, ophthalmology> A special type of examination of the anterior structures of the eye. These include the conjunctiva, sclera, lids, iris, cornea and anterior chamber. ... The slit lamp is a device which focuses a high intensity light beam (that can be focused as a slit) at the structures of the eye while the e …
biomicroscopy
<procedure> The examination of tissues on a microscopic level. Could refer to the specific examination of the cornea or lens of the eye, using a corneal microscope and a slit lamp. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
biomimetics
1. <chemistry> A synthetic, chemical substance that performs some of the functions of a biological molecule. ... 2. <study> A branch of biology that uses biological systems as a model to develop synthetic systems. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biomolecule
<biochemistry, chemistry> Any organic molecule that is an essential part of a living organism. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
biomphalaria
A genus of planorbid freshwater snails, species of which are intermediate hosts of schistosoma mansoni. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bionavigation
<zoology> The ability of certain animals to navigate by instinct to specific sites, apparently without using any landmarks. ... Examples are salmon returning to the same rivers where they were born, birds returning to the same nesting sites after annual migrations, or Florida green tortoises finding the same beaches upon which to lay their egg …
Biondi
Aldolpho, Italian pathologist, 1846-1917. ... See: Biondi-Heidenhain stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Biondi-Heidenhain stain
<technique> An obsolete stain for spirochetes, using acid fuchsin and orange G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bionic
Relating to or developed from bionics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bionics
<study> The study of the structure and function of organisms in order to apply this knowledge to the creation or modification of mechanical or electronic devices. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
bionomics
Synonym: bionomy. ... Synonym: ecology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bionomy
Synonym for physiology ... <study> The study of how living organisms function. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
bionucleonics
<study> The study of how radioactive materials or rare stable chemical isotopes can be applied to biologic systems. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
biopack
<equipment> A container for living organisms used during biological experiments done in space, this container monitors the organisms' biological functions. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biopesticide
<pharmacology> A pesticide in which the active ingredient is a virus, fungus, or bacteria, or a natural product derived from a plant source. A biopesticide's mechanism of action is based on specific biological effects and not on chemical poisons. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...
biophage
An organism that derives the nourishment for its existence from another living organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biophagism
The deriving of nourishment from living organisms. ... Synonym: biophagy. ... Origin: bio-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biophagous
<biology> To feed on live things. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biophagy
Synonym for biophagism ... The deriving of nourishment from living organisms. ... Synonym: biophagy. ... Origin: bio-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biopharmaceutics
The study of the physical and chemical properties of a drug and its dosage form as related to the onset, duration, and intensity of its action. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
biophile
<biochemistry, chemistry> A chemical element which occurs naturally in living organisms or organic matter, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
biophilia
The instinct of self-preservation. ... Origin: bio-+ G. Philia, love, fondness for ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biophotometer
An obsolete instrument once used for measuring the rate and degree of dark adaptation, as in vitamin A deficiency. ... Compare: adaptometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biophylactic
Relating to biophylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biophylaxis
Non-specific defense reactions of the body, e.g., phagocytosis, vascular and other reactions of inflammatory processes. ... Origin: bio-+ G. Phylaxis, protection ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biophysical profile
<radiology> Parameters (30 minute observation period): reactive NST, foetal breathing movement: breathing period at least 60 seconds, foetal body movement, greater than 3 discrete movements of limbs/trunk, foetal tone: upper and lower limbs usually flexed with head on chest, greater than 1 episode of extension with return to flexion, amniotic …
biophysics
<study> The scientific study of the physics of organisms and biological structure and processes. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
bioplasm
<biology> A suggested name for the germinal matter supposed to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered protoplasm. ... Origin: Gr. Life + form, mold, fr. To mold. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...
