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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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bivalve1. <marine biology> A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which is usually strengthened by prominences called teeth. The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, or by one, as in the oyster. See …
bivalve speculumA speculum with two adjustable blades. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bivalved<biology> Having two valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...
bivector<mathematics> A term made up of the two parts + 1 -1, which are vectors. ... Origin: Pref. Bi- + vector. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...
biventerTwo-bellied; denoting two-bellied muscles. ... Origin: bi-+ L. Venter, belly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biventer cervicisSynonym for spinalis capitis muscle ... <anatomy> An inconstant extension of spinalis cervicis to the occipital bone, sometimes fusing with semispinalis capitis. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis capitis, biventer cervicis, spinal muscle of head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biventer lobuleA lobule on the undersurface of each cerebellar hemisphere, divided by a curved sulcus into a lateral and medial portion; it corresponds to the pyramid of the vermis. ... Synonym: lobulus biventer, biventral lobule, cuneiform lobe, lobulus biventralis, lobulus cuneiformis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biventer mandibulaeSynonym for digastric muscle ... <anatomy> One of the suprahyoid group of muscles consisting of two bellies united by a central tendon which is connected to the body of the hyoid bone; origin, by posterior belly from the digastric groove medial to the mastoid process; insertion, by anterior belly into lower border of mandible near midline; act …
biventralSynonym for digastric ... <anatomy> Having two bellies; biventral; applied to muscles which are fleshy at each end and have a tendon in the middle, and especially. To the muscle which pulls down the lower jaw. ... Pertaining to the digastric muscle of the lower jaw; as, the digastric nerves. ... Origin: Gr. = twice + belly: cf. F. Digastrique.
biventral lobule
Synonym for biventer lobule ... A lobule on the undersurface of each cerebellar hemisphere, divided by a curved sulcus into a lateral and medial portion; it corresponds to the pyramid of the vermis. ... Synonym: lobulus biventer, biventral lobule, cuneiform lobe, lobulus biventralis, lobulus cuneiformis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
biventricular
Pertaining to both right and left ventricles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bixin
A monomethyl ester of a 24-carbon branched unsaturated dicarboxylic acid; a carotenoid (a carotene-dioic acid); the orange-red colouring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana; the ethyl ester is used as a food and drug colourant. ... See: annotto. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bizygomatic
Relating to both zygomatic bones or arches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bizzozero, Giulio
<person> Italian physician, 1846-1901. ... See: Bizzozero's corpuscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bizzozero's corpuscle
Synonym for platelet ... <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. ... Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and sero …
Bizzozero's red cells
Nucleated red blood cells in human blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bjerrum screen
Synonym for tangent screen ... A flat, usually black surface used to measure the central 30 degrees of the field of vision. ... Synonym: Bjerrum screen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bjerrum, Jannik
<person> Danish ophthalmologist, 1851-1926. ... See: Bjerrum's scotoma, Bjerrum screen, Bjerrum's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bjerrum's scotoma
A comet-shaped scotoma, occurring in glaucoma, attached at the temporal end to the blind spot or separated from it by a narrow gap; the defect widens as it extends above and nasally curves around the fixation spot, and then extends downward to end exactly at the nasal horizontal meridian. ... Synonym: Bjerrum's sign, sickle scotoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) …
Bjerrum's sign
Synonym for Bjerrum's scotoma ... A comet-shaped scotoma, occurring in glaucoma, attached at the temporal end to the blind spot or separated from it by a narrow gap; the defect widens as it extends above and nasally curves around the fixation spot, and then extends downward to end exactly at the nasal horizontal meridian. ... Synonym: Bjerrum's sign, …
Bjork-Shiley valve
A low profile tilting disc mechanical heart valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bjornstad, R
<person> 20th century Scandinavian dermatologist. ... See: Bjornstad's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bjornstad's syndrome
<syndrome> Pili torti associated with sensorineural hearing loss, the severity of distortion and brittleness of the hair correlated with the degree of deafness; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Bk
Symbol for berkelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
BK virus
A human polyomavirus, in the family Papovaviridae, of worldwide distribution which produces infections that are usually subclinical in immunocompetent individuals. ... Origin: initials of patient from whom first isolated ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
blab
To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without reserve or discretion. 'And yonder a vile physician blabbing The case of his patient.' (Tennyson) ... Origin: Cf. OE. Blaberen, or Dan. Blabbre, G. Plappern, Gael. Blabaran a stammerer; prob. Of imitative origin. Cf. Also Blubber, v. ... Source: Webste …
black
1. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest colour, or rather a destitution of all colour; as, a cloth has a good black. 'Black is the badge of hell, The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.' (Shak) ... 2. A black pigment or dye. ... 3. A negro; a person whose skin is of a black colour, or shaded with black; especially. A member …
black book
1. One of several books of a political character, published at different times and for different purposes; so called either from the colour of the binding, or from the character of the contents. ... 2. A book compiled in the twelfth century, containing a description of the court of exchequer of England, an official statement of the revenues of the c …
black box
(Jargon) descriptive of a method of reasoning or studying a problem, in which the methods and procedures, as such, are not described, explained, or perhaps even understood: conclusions relate solely to the empirical relationships observed, in some contexts, the term can mean a piece of apparatus or an experimental animal in which the pharmacologic …
black cataract
A cataract in which the lens is hardened and of a dark brown colour. In the 19th century, German black cataract meant gutta severa (q.v.). ... Synonym: cataracta brunescens, cataracta nigra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Black Death
Synonym for Yersinina pestis ... <disease, organism> Yersinina pestis is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, faculatively anaerobic bacterial species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. ... It causes bubonic plaque, which is transmitted by rodent fleas. Historically known as the Black Plague, this disease devastated Europe and Asia in the 1300s. ... It s …
black disease
Synonym for infectious necrotic hepatitis of sheep ... A disease of sheep caused by the bacterium Clostridium novyi, which invades livers damaged by the fluke Fasciola hepatica and causes severe necrosis and death; this disease occurs in nearly all parts of the world, including the U.S. Sometimes called black disease because of the extensive haemorr …
black eye
Ecchymosis of the lids and their surroundings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black fever
An acute tick-borne illness caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. The disease is characterised by sudden onset of headache, chills and fever which can persist for 2-3 weeks. A characteristic rash appears on the extremities and trunk about the 4th day of illness. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
black heel
Synonym for calcaneal petechiae ... Traumatic haemorrhage into the stratum corneum of the heel which may persist for several weeks as centrally confluent black dots. ... Synonym: black heel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black hole
A dungeon or dark cell in a prison; a military lock-up or guardroom; now commonly with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole) in a fort at Calcutta, into which 146 English prisoners were thrust by the nabob Suraja Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in which 123 of the prisoners died before morning from lack of air. 'A discipline of unlimited …
black line
Synonym for linea nigra ... The linea alba in pregnancy, which then becomes pigmented. ... Synonym: black line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black lung
A form of chronic clung disease which develops after prolonged exposure to coal dust. Advanced disease and scarring is evident on chest X-ray. ... Symptoms include wheezing, chronic cough and shortness of breath. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
black measles
An acute tick-borne illness caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. The disease is characterised by sudden onset of headache, chills and fever which can persist for 2-3 weeks. A characteristic rash appears on the extremities and trunk about the 4th day of illness. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
black membrane
<chemistry> An artificial phospholipid membrane formed by painting a solution of phospholipid in organic solvent over a hole in a hydrophobic support immersed in water. Drainage of the solvent from the film produces diffraction colours until the thickness falls below the wavelength of light it then appears to be black. The structure is an ext …
black mustard
The dried ripe seed of Brassica nigra or of B. Juncea; it is the source of allyl isothiocyanate; it contains sinigrin (potassium myronate); myrosin; sinapine sulfocyanate; erucic, behenic, and synapolic acids; and fixed oil; a prompt emetic, a rubefacient, and a condiment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black piedra
Piedra involving the hairs of the scalp, caused by Piedraia hortae and characterised by firmly adherent black, hard, gritty nodules composed of an organised, firmly cemented mass of fungus cells; the fungal growth is always located above the level of the hair follicles; the disease occurs in humid tropical countries of the Americas, Africa, Southea …
black plague
In 14th-century Europe, the victims of the black plague had bleeding below the skin (subcutaneous haemorrhage) which made darkened ( blackened ) their bodies. Black plague can lead to black death characterised by gangrene of the fingers, toes, and nose. Black plague is caused by a bacterium (Yersinia pestis) which is transmitted to humans from infe …
black root
Synonym for leptandra ... <botany> Dried rhizome and roots of Veronicastrum virginicum (family Serophulariaceae). Indigenous to North America. Formerly used as a cathartic. ... Synonym: black root, Culver's root. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black sickness
Synonym for visceral leishmaniasis ... A chronic disease, occurring in India, Assam, China, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, South and Central America, Asia, Africa caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus Phlebotom …
black smoker
An undersea thermal vent emitting very hot (270-380 degrees C) water and minerals. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
black spore
A degenerating malarial or other blood parasite in the body of the mosquito. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black tarantula
Sericopelma communis, a large black tarantula of Panama and the Canal Zone, whose bite is poisonous, although the effect is localised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black tongue
In canines, a disorder associated with a deficency of nicotinic acid. ... Black to yellowish brown discoloration of the dorsum of the tongue due to staining by exogenous material such as the components of tobacco; usually superimposed on hairy tongue. ... Synonym: lingua nigra, melanoglossia, nigrities linguae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black urine
The dark urine of melanuria or haemoglobinuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black water
azoturia of horses ...
black widow spider
A venomous new world spider with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the abdomen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
black widow spider venom
Potent neurotoxin that induces catastrophic release of acetylcholine from presynaptic terminals of cholinergic chemical synapses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
black-dot ringworm
Tinea capitis due most commonly to Trichophyton tonsurans or T. Violaceum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
black-jack
1. <chemical> A name given by English miners to sphalerite, or zinc blende; called also false galena. See Blende. ... 2. Caramel or burnt sugar, used to colour wines, spirits, ground coffee, etc. ... 3. A large leather vessel for beer, etc. ... 4. <botany> The Quercus nigra, or barren oak. ... 5. The ensign of a pirate. ... Source: Websters …
black-tongue disease
A disease of dogs similar to human pellagra and due to niacin deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Black, Douglas
<person> Scottish physician, *1909. ... See: Black's formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Black, Greene
<person> U.S. Dentist, 1836-1915. ... See: Black's classification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Black's classification
A classification of cavities of the teeth based upon the tooth surface(s) involved. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Black's formula
A translation of Pignet's formula into British measurements: F = (W + C) -H; F is the empirical factor, W is the weight in pounds, C the chest girth in inches at full inspiration, and H the height in inches; a man is classed as very strong when F is over 120, strong between 110 and 120, good 100 to 110, fair 90 to 100, weak 80 to 90, very weak unde …
Blackfan, Kenneth
<person> U.S. Physician, 1883-1941. ... See: Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
blackfish
1. <zoology> A small kind of whale, of the genus Globicephalus, of several species. The most common is G. Melas. Also sometimes applied to other whales of larger size. ... 2. <zoology> The tautog of new England (Tautoga). ... 3. <zoology> The black sea bass (Centropristis atrarius) of the Atlantic coast. It is excellent food fish; l …
blackout
1. Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain. ... 2. Momentary loss of consciousness as an absence. ... 3. Temporary loss of vision, without alteration of consciousness, due to positive (normal) g (gravity) forces; caused by temporary decreased blood flow in the central retinal artery, and seen mostly in aviators. ... 4. …
blacks
An ethnic group belonging to the negroid race. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
blacksmith
1. A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. ' The blacksmith may forge what he pleases.' (Howell) ... 2. <zoology> A fish of the Pacific coast (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis), of a blackish colour. ... Origin: Black (in allusion to the colour of the metal) + smith. Cf. Whitesmith. ... Source: Webste …
blackwater fever
A condition that results from the presence of haemoglobin in the urine (haemoglobinuria) following infection with Falciparum malaria. ... Symptoms include fever, tender and enlarged liver and spleen, dark urine, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
bladder
A membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine. Contraction of the bladder results in urination. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
bladder calcification
<radiology> Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis), major cause worldwide, 50% have calcification, can cause squamous cell carcinoma, TB and other infections, radiation cystitis, calculi, bladder neoplasms, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladder calculi
Calculi of the urinary bladder; also known as vesical calculi, bladder stones or gravel, and cystoliths. Vesicoprostatic calculi are prostatic calculi extending into the bladder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladder cancer
The most common warning sign of bladder cancer is blood in the urine. The diagnosis of bladder cancer is supported by findings in the medical history and examination, blood, urine, and X-ray tests, and confirmed with a biopsy (usually during a cystoscope exam). Treatment of bladder cancer depends on the growth, size, and location of the tumour. ... …
bladder cancer risks
Smoking is a major risk factor. Cigarette smokers develop bladder cancer 2-3 times more often than do nonsmokers. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of bladder cancer, lung cancer, several other types of cancer, and a number of other diseases as well. Workers in some occupations are at higher risk of developing bladder cancer because of exposure to …
bladder compliance
Relationship of volume to pressure; can be calculated from a cytometrogram's pressure volume curve. ... Synonym: compliance of bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bladder exstrophy
Congenital eversion of the urinary bladder. It is characterised by the absence of a portion of the lower abdominal wall and the anterior vesical wall, with eversion of the posterior vesical wall through the deficit. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladder fistula
An abnormal passage in the bladder or between the bladder and another organ. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladder infection
Some people are at more risk for bladder and other urinary tract infections (UTIs) than others. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms. Common symptoms include a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burning when urinating. Underlying conditions that impair the normal urinary flow can lead to mo …
bladder inflammation
Also referred to as cystitis. Cystitis most commonly occurs because of bacterial infection. Another form of bladder inflammation, interstitial cystitis (IC) involves inflammation or irritation of the bladder wall. This can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder, and even ulcerations and bleeding. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, findings on …
bladder neoplasms
Cancers or tumours of the bladder. The majority of bladder neoplasms are of the transitional cell variety and are usually papillary and multicentric. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladder outlet obstruction
Any condition that results in the failure of urine to pass from the bladder and out the urethra. One of the most common causes of this in males is benign prostate enlargement. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
bladder pain
Among the symptoms of bladder infection are feelings of pain, pressure and tenderness around the bladder, pelvis, and perineum (the area between the anus and vagina or anus and scrotum), which may increase as the bladder fills and decrease as it empties; decreased bladder capacity; an urgent need to urinate; painful sexual intercourse; and, in men, …
bladder polyp
A pedunculated tumour that arises from the mucosal surface of the bladder. most are benign, but some may become malignant. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
bladder reflex
Synonym for micturition reflex ... Contraction of the walls of the bladder and relaxation of the trigone and urethral sphincter in response to a rise in pressure within the bladder; the reflex can be voluntarily inhibited and the inhibition readily abolished to control micturition. ... Synonym: bladder reflex, urinary reflex, vesical reflex. ... (05 M …
bladder rhabdomyosarcoma
<radiology> Usually arises at trigone, causes outlet obstruction leading to big bladder, Differential diagnosis: haemorrhagic cystitis (small bladder, filling defects) see: rhabdomyosarcoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladder schistosomiasis
Synonym for schistosomiasis haematobium ... Infection with Schistosoma haematobium, the eggs of which invade the urinary tract, causing cystitis and haematuria, and possibly an increased likelihood of bladder cancer. ... Synonym: bladder schistosomiasis, Egyptian haematuria, endemic haematuria, urinary schistosomiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bladder stone
A condition where small stones form within the urinary tract. ... See: kidney stones. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
bladder, neurogenic
Any condition of dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by a lesion of the central or peripheral nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladderworm
Synonym for cysticercus ... The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus taenia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
blade
The expanded part of a leaf or petal. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
blade bone
Synonym for scapula ... A large, flat, triangular bone that forms the posterior portion of the shoulder. It articulates with the clavicle (at the acromion process) and the humerus (at the glenoid). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
blade implantation
Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the oral mucosa into the mouth and bearing openings or vents through which tissue grows to obtain retention. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bladevent
A thin, wedge-shaped endo-osseous implant of metal that is inserted into a surgically prepared groove in the maxilla or mandible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blagden, Sir Charles
<person> British physician, 1748-1820. ... See: Blagden's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blagden's law
The depression of the freezing point of dilute solutions is proportional to the amount of the dissolved substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
blain
1. An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla, pustule, or blister. 'Blotches and blains must all his flesh emboss.' (Milton) ... 2. <veterinary> A bladder growing on the root of the tongue of a horse, against the windpipe, and stopping the breath. ... Origin: OE. Blein, bleyn, AS. Blgen; akin to Dan. Blegn, D. Blein; perh. Fr. The same root as …
Blainville ears
Asymmetry in size or shape of the auricles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de
<person> French zoologist and anthropologist, 1777-1850. ... See: Blainville ears. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blair-Brown graft
A split-thickness graft of intermediate thickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blair, Vilray
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1871-1955. ... See: Blair-Brown graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blakemore, Arthur
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1897-1970. ... See: Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blalock shunt
Subclavian artery to pulmonary artery shunt to increase pulmonary circulation in cyanotic heart disease with decreased pulmonary flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Blalock-Hanlon operation
The creation of a large atrial septal defect as a palliative procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
