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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

blood-retinal barrier
Specialised nonfenestrated tightly-joined endothelial cells that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the retinal capillaries and the retinal tissue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blood-testis barrier
The membrane in the testis that separates sperm from the bloodstream. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

blood-thinner
Synonym for anticoagulant ... <haematology, pharmacology> Any substance that prevents blood clotting. ... Those drugs administered for prophylaxis or treatment of thromboembolic disorders are heparin, which inactivates thrombin and several other clotting factors and which must be administered parenterally and the oral anticoagulants (warfarin, …

blood-vascular system
Synonym for cardiovascular system ... The heart and the blood vessels by which blood is pumped and circulated through the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blood, urinary
Medically called haematuria, blood in the urine can be microscopic or gross. Evaluating haematuria requires consideration of the entire urinary tract. Tests used for the diagnosis of haematuria include the intravenous pyelogram (IVP), cystoscopy, and urine cytology. Management of haematuria depends upon the underlying cause. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bloodhound
A breed of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same purpose and go by the same …

bloodless
1. Destitute of blood, or apparently so; as, bloodless cheeks; lifeless; dead. 'The bloodless carcass of my Hector sold.' (Dryden) ... 2. Not attended with shedding of blood, or slaughter; as, a bloodless victory. ... 3. Without spirit or activity. 'Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood !' (Shak) Blood'lessly, Blood'lessness. ... Origin: AS. Bldl …

bloodless amputation
Amputation in which, by means of a tourniquet, the escape of blood from the cut surfaces is slight. ... Synonym: dry amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bloodless decerebration
Destroying the function of the cerebrum by tying the basilar artery at about the middle of the pons and the common carotid arteries in the neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bloodless operation
An operation performed with negligible loss of blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bloodless phlebotomy
Synonym for phlebostasis ... 1. Abnormally slow motion of blood in veins, usually with venous distention. ... 2. Treatment of congestive heart failure by compressing proximal veins of the extremities with tourniquets. ... Synonym: bloodless phlebotomy. ... Synonym: venostasis. ... Origin: phlebo-+ G. Stasis, a standing still ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bloodroot
<botany> A plant (Sanguinaria Canadensis), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a pretty, white flower in early spring; called also puccoon, redroot, bloodwort, tetterwort, turmeric, and Indian paint. It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a stimulant expectorant. See Sanguinaria. ... In England the name is given to t …

bloodstream
The flowing blood as it is encountered in the circulatory system as distinguished from blood that has been removed from the circulatory system or sequestered in a part; thus, something added to the bloodstream may be expected to become distributed to all parts of the body through which blood is flowing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bloodwood
<botany> A tree having the wood or the sap of the colour of blood. ... Norfolk Island bloodwood is a euphorbiaceous tree (Baloghia lucida), from which the sap is collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name, chiefly on account of the colour of the wood, as Gordonia Haematoxylon of Jamaica, and several species of Australian E …

bloodworm
1. The filarial parasite of sheep, Elaeophora schneideri. ... 2. Red aquatic larvae of certain dipterous gnats and midges. ... 3. Marine annelids in the family Terebellidae with soft bodies and red blood. ... 4. Blood-inhabiting worms, such as the blood flukes of man in the genus Schistosoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bloody
1. Containing or resembling blood; of the nature of blood; as, bloody excretions; bloody sweat. ... 2. Smeared or stained with blood; as, bloody hands; a bloody handkerchief. ... 3. Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood; having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel. 'Some bloody passion shakes your very frame.' (Shak) ... 4. Attended wit …

bloody show
Literally, the appearance of blood. The bloody show consists of blood-tinged mucus created by extrusion and passage of the mucous plug that filled the cervical canal (the canal between the vagina and uterus) during pregnancy. The bloody show is therefore a classic sign of impending labour. The same term, bloody show, can be applied to the beginning …

bloom
A blossom, the flower of a plant, an expanded bud, the opening of flowers in general, leaves, flowers, or fruits. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bloom syndrome
<syndrome> An autosomal recessive disorder characterised by telangiectatic erythema of the face, photosensitivity, dwarfism, and other abnormalities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bloom, David
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, *1892. ... See: Bloom's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bloom's syndrome
<syndrome> Congenital telangiectatic erythema, primarily in butterfly distribution, of the face and occasionally of the hands and forearms, with sensitivity of skin lesions and dwarfism with normal body proportions except for a narrow face and dolichocephalic skull; chromosomes are excessively fragile; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 …

blossom
A flower or bloom, especially. Of a fruit bearing plant. A state or time of flowering, literally, and figuratively. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

blot
1. To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink. 'The brief was writ and blotted all with gore.' (Gascoigne) ... 2. To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil. 'It blots thy beauty, as frosts do bite the meads.' (Shak) ... 3. To stain with infamy; to disgrace. 'Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood.' (Rowe) ... 4. To obliterate, as writing with ink; to …

blot, northern
A technique in molecular biology, used mainly to separate and identify pieces of RNA. Called a Northern blot only because it is similar to a Southern blot (which is named after its inventor, the British biologist M.E. Southern). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blot, southern
A common test for checking for a match between DNA molecules. DNA fragments are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred (blotted) onto membrane filters, and hybridised with complementary radiolabelled probes. The aim is to detect specific base sequenceswith the probes. Lest all of this sound esoteric, note that in the television serie …

blot, western
A technique in molecular biology, used to separate and identify proteins. Called a Western blot merely because it has some similarity to a Southern blot (which is named after its inventor, the British biologist M.E. Southern). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blotch
1. A blot or spot, as of colour or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also Fig.; as, a moral blotch. 'Spots and blotches . . . Some red, others yellow.' (Harvey) ... 2. <medicine> A large pustule, or a coarse eruption. 'Foul scurf and blotches him defile.' (Thomson) ... Origin: Cf. OE. Blacche in blacchepot blacking pot, akin to blac …

blots
Refers to a number of similar techniques that facilitate the analysis of biological molecules. Initially, mixtures of proteins or DNA or RNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis through a polymeric gel (most commonly agarose or polyacrylamide). The separated components are then transferred to a membrane where they are immobilised and can be a …

blotting
<molecular biology, procedure> General term for the transfer of protein, RNA or DNA molecules from a relatively thick acrylamide or agarose gel or to a paper like membrane (usually nylon or nitrocellulose) by capilliarity or an electric field, preserving the spatial arrangment. Once on the membrane, the molecules are immobilised, typically by …

blotting, northern
Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilised by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blotting, southern
A method (first developed by e.m. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilised by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blotting, western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blotting and transferred to strips of nitrocellulose paper. The blots are then detected by radiolabelled antibody probes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Blount-Barber disease
Synonym for Blount's disease ... <disease> An acquired disease of the tibial bone of the leg, seen in young children. It will cause the leg to bow in an outward direction. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Blount, Walter
<person> U.S. Orthopedic surgeon, *1900. ... See: Blount's disease, Blount-Barber disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blount's disease
<disease> An acquired disease of the tibial bone of the leg, seen in young children. It will cause the leg to bow in an outward direction. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

blow
1. A forcible stroke with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax, or a sword. 'Well struck ! there was blow for blow.' (Shak) ... 2. A sudden or forcible act or effort; an assault. 'A vigorous blow might win [Hanno's camp]' (T. Arnold) ... 3. The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity; something which produces mental, physical, or …

blow-out fracture
A fracture of the floor of the orbit, without a fracture of the rim, produced by a blow on the globe with the force being transmitted via the globe to the orbital floor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blower
1. One who, or that which, blows. ... 2. <mechanics> A device for producing a current of air; as: A metal plate temporarily placed before the upper part of a grate or open fire. A machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a building or shaft, cleansing gram, e …

blowfly strike
Synonym for cutaneous myiasis ... Invasion of the skin of sheep by larvae of blowflies. ... Synonym: blowfly strike. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blowhole
1. A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity. ... 2. A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of a whale or other cetacean. ... There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common whales, but only one in sperm whales, p …

blowout pipette
A pipette calibrated to deliver its nominal volume by permitting it first to drain and then blowing out the last drop held in the tip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blowpipe
1. A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some object. ... It is called a mouth blowpipe when used with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common mouth blowpipe is a tapering tube with a very …

blubber finger
Synonym for erysipeloid ... An infection caused by erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae that is almost wholly restricted to persons who in their occupation handle infected fish, shellfish, poultry, or meat. Three forms of this condition exist: a mild localised form manifested by local swelling and redness of the skin; a diffuse form that might present with …

blue
1. Having the colour of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter or darker; as, the deep, blue sea; as blue as a sapphire; blue violets. 'The blue firmament.' ... 2. Pale, without redness or glare, said of a flame; hence, of the colour of burning brimstone, betokening the presence of ghosts or devils; as, the candle burns blue; the air …

blue asphyxia
Synonym for asphyxia livida ... A form of asphyxia neonatorum in which the skin is cyanotic, but the heart is strong and the reflexes are preserved. ... Synonym: blue asphyxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue atrophy
Depressed blue atrophic scars due to injections in the skin of impure substances, as seen in narcotics addicts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue baby
A baby born with various defects in the structure of the heart and major blood vessels such as tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great vessels. The net result is the inability to oxygenate the blood resulting in cyanosis (bluish discolouration to the skin). Immediate surgical procedures are currently available to correct these genetic ab …

blue cataract
Coronary cataract of bluish colour. ... Synonym: cataracta cerulea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue cone monochromatism
Synonym for incomplete achromatopsia ... Impaired, but not absent, colour vision with less severely reduced visual acuity than in complete achromatopsia; inherited as an autosomal recessive or as an X-linked disorder (blue cone monochromism; pi cone monochromatism ). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue cross
A prepaid health insurance plan for hospital costs and related services. It usually excludes physicians' services (which are covered under blue shield). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blue dextran
High molecular weight dextran containing a blue chlorotriazine dye, Cibacron Blue; used to measure the void volumes in gel filtration columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue disease
Synonym for rocky mountain spotted fever ... <infectious disease> An acute febrile (feverish) disease initially recognised in the Rocky Mountain states, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by hard-shelled (ixodid) ticks. Occurs only in the Western Hemisphere. ... The disease is characterised by sudden onset of headache, chills and fever …

blue dome cyst
Cyst in the breast filled with serum and/or blood. With time they look blue. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

blue dot sign
<clinical sign> A blue or black spot visible beneath the skin on the cranial aspect of testis or epididymis. This is a torsed testicular appendage and is usually quite tender. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue fever
An acute tick-borne illness caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii. The disease is characterised by sudden onset of headache, chills and fever which can persist for 2-3 weeks. A characteristic rash appears on the extremities and trunk about the 4th day of illness. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

blue grass
<botany> A species of grass (Poa compressa) with bluish green stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass. Kentucky blue grass, a species of grass (Poa pratensis) which has running rootstocks and spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very nutritious. …

blue line
A bluish line along the free border of the gingiva, occurring in chronic heavy metal poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue naevus
<dermatology> A nonmalignant accumulation of highly pigmented melanocytes deep in the dermis. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

blue nevus
A dark blue or blue-black nevus covered by smooth skin and formed by heavily pigmented spindle-shaped or dendritic melanocytes in the reticular dermis. ... Synonym: Jadassohn-Tieche nevus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue oedema
The swelling and cyanosis of an extremity in hysterical paralysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue ointment
A grease-based ointment containing 20% finely divided metallic mercury, formerly widely used for local application to the skin for the destruction of body lice. Risk is associated with transdermal absorption of mercury and a local dermatitis. ... Synonym: mild mercurial ointment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue pus
Pus tinged with pyocyanin, a product of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue pus bacillus
Synonym for pseudomonas aeruginosa ... A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. Aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
<radiology> Bean syndrome, sporadic (some autosomal dominant), rubbery, raised blue-black skin nevi (cavernous haemangiomata, 0.1 - 5 cm), GI mucosal haemangiomata, bowel: polypoid filling defects of varying sizes, visceral haemangiomata (by angio) associated with: leukaemia, medulloblastoma, hypernephroma, Mafucci syndrome More info: blue ru …

blue rubber-bleb nevi
A syndrome characterised by erectile, easily compressible, thin-walled haemangiomatous nodules, widely distributed in the skin and in the alimentary canal, and sometimes in other tissues; lesions in the gut may perforate or cause haemorrhage, and the patient may be anaemic from continual bleeding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue sclera
(05 Mar 2000) ...

blue shield
A prepaid health insurance plan for costs of physicians' services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

blue spot
Synonym for macula cerulea ... A bluish stain on the skin caused by the bites of fleas or lice, especially pediculosis pubis. ... Synonym: blue spot, tache bleuatre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue toe syndrome
<syndrome> Atherothrombotic microembolism of the lower extremities due to recurrent cholesterol embolic 'showers' with painful cyanotic discoloration of the toes and embolism to other sites that completely resolve between attacks. Despite the gangrene-like appearance, blue toes may respond to conservative therapy without amputation. ... (12 De …

blue vision
Synonym for cyanopsia ... A condition in which all objects appear blue; may temporarily follow cataract extraction. ... Synonym: blue vision, cyanopia. ... Origin: cyano-+ G. Opsis, vision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blue white colour selection
<molecular biology, procedure> Method for identifying bacterial clones containing plasmids with inserts. Many modern vectors have their polycloning site within a part of the LacZ gene encoding _ galactosidase, which provides _ complementation in an appropriate mutant E. Coli strain. This means that a re ligated (empty) vector will produce blu …

blue-green algae
The former name for the blue-green bacteria, now classified as Cyanobacteria. A group of prokaryotes. ... Synonym: Cyanobacteria. ... (05 May 2002) ...

blue-green bacteria
Synonym for Cyanobacteria ... <organism> Modern term for the blue green algae, prokaryotic cells that use chlorophyll on intracytoplasmic membranes for photosynthesis. The blue green colour is due to the presence of phycobiliproteins. Found as single cells, colonies or simple filaments. In Anabaena, in which the cells are arranged as a filamen …

blue-green bacterium
Synonym for Cyanobacteria ... <organism> Modern term for the blue green algae, prokaryotic cells that use chlorophyll on intracytoplasmic membranes for photosynthesis. The blue green colour is due to the presence of phycobiliproteins. Found as single cells, colonies or simple filaments. In Anabaena, in which the cells are arranged as a filamen …

bluebag
Synonym for ovine mastitis ... An acute inflammation of the sheep udder, usually gangrenous. ... Synonym: bluebag. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blueberry muffin baby
Jaundice and purpura, especially of the face in the newborn, which may result from intrauterine viral infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blueberry muffin sign
<radiology> Raised, purple skin lesions, dermal metastases of neuroblastoma (stage IV-S) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bluebird
<zoology> A small song bird (Sialia sialis), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the European robin. ... <zoology> Pairy bluebird, a brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus Irena, of several species. ... Source: …

bluecomb disease of chickens
An acute or subacute disease of young laying chickens characterised by lowered egg production, diarrhoea, frequently cyanosis of the head, and pathologic changes involving chiefly the liver and kidney; aetiology is not definitely established. ... Synonym: avian monocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bluecomb disease of turkeys
An acute or chronic disease of young turkeys caused by bluecomb virus, with diarrhoea, loss of weight, and often cyanosis of the head. ... Synonym: mud fever, transmissible enteritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bluecomb virus
Synonym for transmissible turkey enteritis virus ... A coronavirus causing bluecomb disease of turkeys. ... Synonym: bluecomb virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bluefish
1. <marine biology> A large voracious fish (Pomatomus saitatrix), of the family Carangidae, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the American coast. On the new Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called the horse mackerel, in Virginia saltwater tailor, or skipjack. ... 2. A West Indian fish (Platyglossus radiatus), of the family La …

bluestocking
1. A literary lady; a female pedant. ... As explained in Boswell's 'Life of Dr. Johnson', this term is derived from the name given to certain meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore blue stockings. He was so much di …

bluetongue
A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterised by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bluetongue virus
The type species of orbivirus causing a serious disease in sheep, especially lambs. It may also infect wild ruminants and other domestic animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Blum, Paul
<person> French physician, 1878-1933. ... See: Gougerot and Blum disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumberg, Jacob
<person> German surgeon and gynecologist, 1873-1955. ... See: Blumberg's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumberg's sign
<clinical sign> Pain felt upon sudden release of steadily applied pressure on a suspected area of the abdomen, indicative of peritonitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumenau, Leonid
<person> Russian neurologist, 1862-1932. ... See: Blumenau's nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumenau's nucleus
The lateral cuneate nucleus of the medulla oblongata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumenbach, Johann
<person> German physiologist, 1752-1840. ... See: Blumenbach's clivus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumenbach's clivus
Synonym for clivus ... 1. A downward sloping surface. ... 2. The sloping surface from the dorsum sellae to the foramen magnum composed of part of the body of the sphenoid and part of the basal part of the occipital bone. ... Synonym: Blumenbach's clivus. ... Origin: L. Slope ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumer, George
<person> U.S. Physician, 1858-1940. ... See: Blumer's shelf. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Blumer's shelf
Synonym for rectal shelf ... A shelf palpable by rectal examination, due to metastatic tumour cells gravitating from an abdominal cancer and growing in the rectovesical or rectouterine pouch. ... Synonym: Blumer's shelf. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blunt
1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp. 'The murderous knife was dull and blunt.' (Shak) ... 2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; stupid; opposed to acute. 'His wits are not so blunt.' (Shak) ... 3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech. 'Hiding his bit …

blunt duct adenosis
Adenosis of the breast in which the ducts are enlarged but not increased in number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blunt-end
Refers to double-stranded DNA in which there are no unpaired bases at the end. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

blunt-end DNA
<molecular biology> A fragment of a DNA molecule in which the ends of both strands are even with each other rather than one strand being longer than the other. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

blunt-end ligation
A lab technique to join together two pieces of blunt-end DNA, such as an insert into a cloning vector, which requires the enzyme ligase because there are no single-stranded overhanging ends for the attachment to form more spontaneously, by itself. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

blunt-ended DNA
Double-stranded DNA in which at least one of the ends has no unpaired bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...