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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Bovero
Renaldo, 20th century Italian dermatologist. ... See: Bovero's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bovero's muscle
Synonym for cutaneomucous muscle ... <anatomy> The 'sucking muscle,' a labial muscle formed by sagittal fibres running from the skin to the mucous membrane. ... Synonym: Aeby's muscle, Bovero's muscle, compressor muscle of lips, Klein's muscle, Krause's muscle, mucocutaneous muscle, musculus cutaneomucosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bovicola
A genus of biting lice that is considered by some to be a subgenus of Damalinia; includes the species Bovicola bovis (Trichodectes scalaris), the common red or biting ox louse of cattle; Bovicola caprae (Trichodectes climax), found on sheep and goats; Bovicola equi (Trichodectes parumpilosus), the common biting louse of horses; Bovicola ovis (Trich …

Bovie
An instrument used for electrosurgical dissection and haemostasis. Frequently used as a verb, i.e., to Bovie something is to dissect or cauterise it with the Bovie instrument. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine
Relating to, affecting, resembling or derived from a cow or bull. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bovine acetonaemia
bovine ketosis ...

bovine achondroplasia
Synonym for bulldog calf ... A calf with a short muzzle and brachycephalic skull, usually resulting from chondrodystrophy; associated with this condition are shortened limbs and anomalies of the vertebral centra; it often results in respiratory and feeding difficulties, and is sometimes fatal. ... Synonym: bovine achondroplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine adenovirus type 3 proteinase
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: bav-3 proteinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bovine adenovirus type 7 proteinase
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... Synonym: bav-7 proteinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bovine antitoxin
Antitoxin prepared from cattle instead of horses, used in the treatment of persons who are sensitive to horse serum; the cattle are immunised against the toxin for which specific antitoxin is desired. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine babesiosis
An infectious disease of cattle caused by Babesia species and transmitted by ticks. ... Synonym: bovine haemoglobinuria, redwater fever, Texas fever, tick fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine borreliosis
A disease of cattle caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and characterised by laminitis, arthritis, and synovitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine brucellosis
A disease in cattle caused by Brucella abortus; in pregnant cows, characterised by abortion late in pregnancy, followed by retained placenta and metritis; in bulls, orchitis and epididymitis may occur; the organism may localise in the udder and thus appear in milk from infected cows. ... Synonym: Bang's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine cancer eye
A malignant squamous cell carcinoma of cattle, especially the Hereford breed, that originates in the conjunctival mucous membranes or the surrounding skin; it occurs principally in range cattle having unpigmented skin around the eye and living in regions of intense sunlight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine colloid
Synonym for conglutinin ... <protein> Protein present in serum that causes agglutination of antibody antigen complement complexes, binds C3b. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bovine congenital ataxia
An autosomal recessive ataxia seen in several European breeds of cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine ephemeral fever
Synonym for ephemeral fever of cattle ... An acute febrile disease of cattle in many African and Asian countries and Australia, caused by a rhabdovirus and characterised by stiffness and lameness. ... Synonym: bovine ephemeral fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine ephemeral fever virus
A rhabdovirus causing bovine ephemeral fever in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine growth hormone
<endocrinology> A hormone secreted by the bovine pituitary gland. It is used to increase milk production by improving the feed efficiency in dairy cattle. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

bovine haemoglobinuria
Synonym for bovine babesiosis ... An infectious disease of cattle caused by Babesia species and transmitted by ticks. ... Synonym: bovine haemoglobinuria, redwater fever, Texas fever, tick fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine herpes mammillitis
An ulcerative disease of the skin of the bovine teat caused by bovine herpesvirus type 2. ... Synonym: bovine ulcerative mammillitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine herpesvirus 1
A virus causing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine herpesvirus 2
A virus causing bovine mammillitis in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine immunodeficiency virus
A lentivirus causing lymphocytosis in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine leukaemia
Synonym for enzootic bovine leukosis ... A lymphoid neoplastic disease in cattle caused by the bovine leukaemia virus. Enzootic bovine leukosis may take the form of lymphosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, or leukaemia but the presence of malignant cells in the blood is not a consistent finding. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bovine leukaemia virus
A type C retrovirus in the subfamily Retrovirinae, commonly infecting cattle, especially dairy cows; in a small proportion of infected cattle, it will cause enzootic bovine leukosis. ... Synonym: bovine leukosis virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine leukosis virus
Synonym for bovine leukaemia virus ... A type C retrovirus in the subfamily Retrovirinae, commonly infecting cattle, especially dairy cows; in a small proportion of infected cattle, it will cause enzootic bovine leukosis. ... Synonym: bovine leukosis virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine mastitis
A disease complex which occurs in acute, gangrenous, chronic, and subclinical forms of inflammation of the bovine udder, and is due to a variety of infectious agents; animal care, hygiene, and management are important factors in this dairy cow disease of great economic importance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine mitochondrial endonuclease
<enzyme> Dimer of 29kda peptide; prefers a conserved sequence in the displacement loop region of mitochondrial DNA; nicks double-stranded DNA and fragments single-stranded DNA ... Registry number: EC 3.1.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bovine papular stomatitis
A Parapoxvirus infection of cattle causing oral lesions. ... Synonym: stomatitis papulosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine papular stomatitis virus
A poxvirus of the genus Parapoxvirus, reported from North America, Africa and Europe, causing bovine papular stomatitis. ... Synonym: papular stomatitis virus of cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine petechial fever
A disease of cattle in Kenya caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia ondiri and characterised by haemorrhage and oedema. ... Synonym: Ondiri disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine porphyria
Porphyria as a mendelian recessive trait in certain breeds of cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine respiratory syncytial virus
A pneumovirus causing an emerging disease in young cattle characterised by pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary oedema, and emphysema; sheep are also susceptible to the virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine rhinoviruses
An obsolete name for viruses that cause widespread subclinical and occasionally mild clinical respiratory diseases of calves in the United States and Europe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine serum albumin
A source of albumin commonly used in in vitro biological studies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine somatotropin
<protein> A growth hormone found incattle, a version of this hormone is also foundin all mammals, including humans. Injections of this hormonedramatically increase the milk production of lactating cows. In pastyears, the hormone was very expensive because it could only be taken from slaughtered cows, but in the early '90s researchers learned …

bovine spongiform encephalitis
<pathology> A neuro-degenerative disease found in domestic cattle which is related to a number of other similar diseases found in other animal species, including humans. The most well-known of these other diseases are scrapie, found in sheep, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, found in humans. The family of diseases is caused by an abnormally-con …

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
A new disease of cattle, first reported in 1986 in Great Britain, characterised clinically by apprehensive behaviour, hyperesthesia, and ataxia and histopathologically by spongiform changes in the gray-matter neuropil of the brain stem; it is thought to be caused by an agent, possibly a prion, similar to that observed as the cause of scrapie. ... Sy …

bovine sporadic encephalomyelitis
An acute, septic encephalomyelitis, pleuritis, and peritonitis of cattle caused by Chlamydia psittaci; it occurs in the north central United States. ... Synonym: Buss disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine trichomoniasis
A venereal infection in cattle caused by Tritrichomonas foetus; in the bull, the infection is usually asymptomatic, the organisms being present in small or moderate numbers, chiefly in the preputial sheath; infection in the female may result in delayed conception, abortion early in pregnancy, or pyometra; transmission occurs during copulation or by …

bovine ulcerative mammillitis
Synonym for bovine herpes mammillitis ... An ulcerative disease of the skin of the bovine teat caused by bovine herpesvirus type 2. ... Synonym: bovine ulcerative mammillitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine vaccinia mammillitis
A poxlike disease of the skin of the bovine teat caused by vaccinia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine virus diarrhoea
A specific infectious disease of cattle, caused by a togavirus; characterised by ulceration of the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, and sometimes the stomachs and intestines; may or may not be accompanied by severe diarrhoea. ... Synonym: mucosal disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bovine virus diarrhoea virus
A virus of the genus Pestivirus, in the family Togaviridae, causing bovine virus diarrhoea; New York, Oregon, and Indiana strains of the virus are recognised. ... Synonym: mucosal disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bow
1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved. 'We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural straightness.' (Milton) 'The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny.' (Prescott) ... 2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; …

bow-leg
Synonym for genu varum ... A deformity marked by medial angulation of the leg in relation to the thigh; an outward bowing of the legs. ... Synonym: bandy-leg, bowleg, bow-leg, tibia vara. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowditch
Henry P., U.S. Physiologist, 1840-1911. ... See: Bowditch's law, Bowditch effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowditch effect
Homeometric autoregulation of cardiac function induced by changing heart rate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowditch's law
Consistently total response to any effective stimulus. ... Synonym: all or none law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowed tendon
A condition caused by severe strain of the digital flexor tendons, the outer osseus (suspensory ligament), or the accessory ligament (distal cheek ligament) of the horse's limb and characterised by swelling, pain, and lameness; it occurs most frequently in race horses under stress of running. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowel
A general term that includes the small and large intestine. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bowel bypass
Synonym for jejunoileal bypass ... A surgical procedure consisting of the anastomosis of the proximal part of the jejunum to the distal portion of the ileum, so as to bypass the nutrient-absorptive segment of the small intestine, to treat morbid obesity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bowel bypass syndrome
<syndrome> Fever, chills, malaise, and inflammatory cutaneous papules and pustules on the extremities and upper trunk, sometimes with polyarthralgia, with recurrent symptoms following bowel bypass surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowel disorders and fibre
High fibre diets help delay the progression of diverticulosis and, at least, reduce the bouts of diverticulitis. In many cases, it helps reduce the symptoms of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome ( IBS ). It is generally accepted that a diet high in fibre is protective, or at least reduces the incidence, of colon polyps and colon cancer. ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

bowel infections
An infection, viral or bacterial, of the intestines. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bowel movement
Defecation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowel obstruction
A blockage of the bowel lumen prohibiting the passage of material. ... Common symptoms include constipation, abdominal swelling and abdominal pain. ... Treatment includes intravenous fluids, rest, nasogastric suction and surgery in select cases. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bowel perforation
Complete penetration of the intestinal wall resulting in the potential for bacterial contamination of the abdominal cavity (peritonitis). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bowel sounds
Sounds heard when contractions of the lower intestines propel contents forward. The physician will listen to bowel sounds (using a stethoscope) as part of the normal physical examination of the abdomen. Their absence can indicate intestinal obstruction or ileus (paralysis of the bowel). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Bowen, John
<person> U.S. Dermatologist, 1857-1941. ... See: Bowen's disease, Bowen's precancerous dermatosis, bowenoid papulosis, Bowenoid cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowen's disease
A persistent progressive non-elevated red scaly or crusted plaque which is due to an intradermal carcinoma and is potentially malignant. Atypical squamous cells proliferate through the whole thickness of the epidermis. The lesions may occur anywhere on the skin surface or on mucosal surfaces. The cause most frequently found is trivalent arsenic com …

Bowen's precancerous dermatosis
Synonym for bowen's disease ... A persistent progressive non-elevated red scaly or crusted plaque which is due to an intradermal carcinoma and is potentially malignant. Atypical squamous cells proliferate through the whole thickness of the epidermis. The lesions may occur anywhere on the skin surface or on mucosal surfaces. The cause most frequently …

Bowenoid cells
Cells characteristic of Bowen's disease; scattered large, round intraepidermal keratinocytes with a hyperchromatic nucleus and pole cytoplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bower
1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; especially, a lady's private apartment. 'Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower.' (Gascoigne) ... 2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. ... 3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc, twined toget …

bower bird
<zoology> An Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or holosericeus), allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcoloured objects; the satin bird. ... The name is also applied to other related birds of the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted bower bird (Chal …

bowery
Origin: D. Bouwerij. ... A farm or plantation with its buildings. 'The emigrants [in new York] were scattered on boweries or plantations; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into 'villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing.'' ( …

Bowie, Donald James
<person> Canadian physician, *1887. ... See: Bowie's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowie's stain
<technique> A stain for juxtaglomerular granules in which the kidney sections are stained in a mixture of Biebrich scarlet red and ethyl violet; juxtaglomerular granules and elastic fibres are stained a deep purple, erythrocytes are amber, and background tissue appears in shades of red. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowl
1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc. 'Brought them food in bowls of basswood.' (Longfellow) ... 2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking. ... 3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold. ... 4. The bollow part of a thing; as, th …

Bowman Birk protease inhibitors
<pharmacology> Family of serine protease inhibitors found in seeds of leguminous plants and cereals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Bowman-Birk inhibitor
A polypeptide that will inhibit both trypsin and chymotrypsin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowman, Sir William
<person> B. Nantwich, Cheshire, July 20th, 1816. Was a Surgeon and Anatomist. Was Surgeon to Birmingham General Hospital and went to London in 1837. Was elected F.R.S. (1841) and F.R.C.S. (1854) and was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at King's College, London (1848-1956). Was the leading Opthalmic Surgeon in England. D. At his …

Bowman's capsule
Synonym for glomerular capsule ... The expanded beginning of a nephron composed of an inner and outer layer: the visceral layer consists of podocytes which surround a tuft of capillaries (glomerulus); the parietal layer is simple squamous epithelium which becomes cuboidal at the tubular pole. ... Synonym: capsula glomeruli, Bowman's capsule, malpighi …

Bowman's disks
Disk's resulting from transverse segmentation of striated muscular fibre treated with weak acids, certain alkaline solutions, or freezing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowman's gland
Synonym for olfactory glands ... Branched tubuloalveolar serous secreting glands (of Bowman) in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. ... Synonym: glandulae olfactoriae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowman's membrane
Synonym for anterior limiting layer of cornea ... A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; considered to be a basement membrane. ... Synonym: lamina limitans anterior corneae, anterior elastic layer, Bowman's membran …

Bowman's muscle
Synonym for ciliary muscle ... <anatomy> The smooth muscle of the ciliary body; it consists of circular fibres (Muller's muscle) and radiating fibres (meridional fibres, or Brucke's muscle); action, in contracting, its diameter is reduced (like a sphincter), reducing tensile (stretching) forces on lens, allowing it to thicken for near vision ( …

Bowman's probe
A double-ended probe for the lacrimal duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowman's space
Synonym for capsular space ... The slitlike space between the visceral and parietal layers of the capsule of the renal corpuscle; it opens into the proximal tubule of the nephron at the neck of the tubule. ... Synonym: Bowman's space, filtration space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bowman's theory
That the urine is formed by passive filtration through the glomeruli and secretion by the epithelium of the tubules, the water and salts being separated from the plasma in the former situation, the urea and other urinary constituents in the latter. Parts of this theory are now known to be wrong. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bowstring
1. The string of a bow. ... 2. A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders. Bowstring bridge, a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch. Bowstring girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting its two ends. ... <botany> Bowstring hemp, the t …

box
<molecular biology> Casual term for a DNA sequence that is a characteristic feature of regions that bind regulatory proteins for example homeobox, TATA box and CAAT box. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

box-like heart
<radiology> Ebstein's anomaly, massive cardiomegaly, primarily RA enlargement ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

boxer's ear
Synonym for cauliflower ear ... Thickening and induration of the ear with distortion of contours following extravasation of blood within its tissues. ... Synonym: boxer's ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boxer's fracture
Fracture of the neck of a metacarpal bone-typically of the fifth metacarpals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boxing
A two-person sport in which the fists are skillfully used to attack and defend. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

boxing wax
Wax used for boxing impressions. ... See: boxing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boy
A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a son. 'My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee.' (Sir W. Scott) ... Boy is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or party. Boy bishop, a boy (usually a chorister) elected b …

Boyce
William H., U.S. Urologist, *1918. ... See: Smith-Boyce operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boyden
Edward A., U.S. Anatomist, 1886-1977. ... See: Boyden meal, Boyden's sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boyden chamber
<apparatus> Simple chamber used to test for chemotaxis, especially of leucocytes. Consists of two compartments separated by a millipore filter (3-8 m pore size), chemotactic factor is placed in one compartment and the gradient develops across the thickness of the filter (ca 150 m). Cell movement into the filter is measured after an incubation …

Boyden's sphincter
Synonym for sphincter of common bile duct ... Smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct immediately proximal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla; it is this sphincter that controls the flow of bile in the duodenum. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus choledochi, Boyden's sphincter, choledochal sphincter, sphincter muscle of common bile duct. ... …

Boyer
Baron Alexis, French surgeon, 1757-1833. ... See: Boyer's bursa, Boyer's cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boyer's bursa
Synonym for retrohyoid bursa ... <anatomy> A bursa between the posterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone and the thyrohyoid membrane. ... Synonym: bursa retrohyoidea, Boyer's bursa, bursa of hyoid, subhyoid bursa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boyer's cyst
A subhyoid cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boyle
Hon. Robert, British physicist and chemist, 1627-1691. ... See: Boyle's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boyle's law
This law states that the volume of a sample of gas is, at a constant temperature, inversely proportional to the pressure of that gas. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Bozeman
Nathan, U.S. Surgeon, 1825-1905. ... See: Bozeman's operation, Bozeman's position, Bozeman-Fritsch catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bozeman-Fritsch catheter
A slightly curved double-channel uterine catheter with several openings at the tip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...