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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

body weights and measures
The systems of measurement applied to the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

body-centreed cubic
A molecular structure in which a cube-shaped lattice is formed with one atom in the middle and four other atoms arranged around it as the corners of the cube. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

body-weight ratio
Body weight (in grams) divided by stature (in centimeters). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boeck, Caesar
<person> Norwegian dermatologist, 1845-1917. ... See: Boeck's disease, Boeck's sarcoid, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boeck, Carl
<person> Norwegian physician, 1808-1875. ... See: Danielssen-Boeck disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boeck's disease
Synonym for sarcoidosis ... <disease> Disease of unknown aetiology in which there are chronic inflammatory granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes and other organs. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Boeck's sarcoid
Synonym for sarcoidosis ... <disease> Disease of unknown aetiology in which there are chronic inflammatory granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes and other organs. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Boehmer's haematoxylin
An alum type of haematoxylin in which natural ripening occurs in about 8 to 10 days, and the solution is good for many months. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boerhaave syndrome
<radiology> Complete, transmural laceration of oesophagus, aetiology: spontaneous (retching, EtOH), secondary to endoscopy, trauma, vagotomy, FB, symptoms: chest pain, shock, dyspnea, cyanosis, grave prognosis, M more than F, usually on left, uncommonly sub-diaphragmatic see also: oesophageal trauma, V sign of Naclerio ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Boerhaave, Hermann
<person> Dutch physician, 1668-1738. ... See: Boerhaave's glands, Boerhaave's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boerhaave's glands
Synonym for sweat glands ... The coil glands of the skin that secrete the sweat. ... Synonym: glandulae sudoriferae, Boerhaave's glands, perspiratory glands, sudoriferous glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boerhaave's syndrome
<syndrome> Named after Captain Boerhaave, a Dutch ship captain, who was the first patient this condition was described in. Traumatic rupture of the lower oesophagus can occur with significant blunt chest trauma, during CPR or in some conditions of forceful protracted vomiting. This condition is much more common in the patient with a pre-exist …

bog
A quagmire covered with grass or other plants, wet, spongy ground, a small marsh, plant community on wet, very acid peat. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bog spavin
A chronic synovitis of the tibiotarsal joint in the horse resulting in distention of the joint capsule with fluid; it usually causes little or no lameness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bogbean
buckbean ...

Bogros, Antoine
<person> 19th century French anatomist. ... See: Bogros' serous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bogros, Jean-Annet
<person> French anatomist, 1786-1823. ... See: Bogros' space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bogros' serous membrane
A membrane of the episcleral space (of Tenon). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bogros' space
Synonym for retroinguinal space ... A triangular space between the peritoneum and the transversalis fascia, at the lower angle of which is the inguinal ligament; it contains the lower portion of the external iliac artery. ... Synonym: Bogros' space, spatium retroinguinale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bohemian
1. Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian. ... 2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or 'Bohemian' (see Bohemian, 3); vagabond; unconventional; free and easy. 'Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five and thirty.' (Blackw. Mag) 'Artists have abandoned their Bohemian ma …

bohm diffusion
<radiobiology> A rapid loss of plasma across magnetic field lines caused by microinstabilities. Theory formulated by the physicist David Bohm. ... Semiempirical formula for the diffusion coefficient given by Bohm in 1946 (noted by Bohm, Burhop, and Massey, who were developing a magnetic arc for use in uranium isotope separation). Bohm diffusio …

Bohn, Heinrich
<person> German physician, 1832-1888. ... See: Bohn's nodules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bohn's nodules
Tiny multiple cysts in newborns. They are found at the junction of the hard and soft palates and along buccal and lingual parts of the dental ridges and are derived from epithelial remnants of mucous gland tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bohr effect
<physiology> Decrease in oxygen affinity of haemoglobin when pH decreases or concentration of carbon dioxide increases. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Bohr, Christian
<person> Danish physiologist, 1855-1911. ... See: Bohr effect, Bohr's equation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bohr, Neils
<person> Danish physicist and Nobel laureate, 1885-1962. ... See: Bohr's atom, Bohr magneton, Bohr's theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bohr's atom
A concept or model of the atom in which the negatively charged electrons move in circular or elliptical orbits around the positively charged nucleus, energy being emitted or absorbed when electrons change from one orbit to another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bohr's equation
An equation to calculate the respiratory dead space from the fact that gas expired from the lungs is a mixture of gas from the dead space and gas from the alveoli, i.e., the dead space volume divided by the tidal volume equals the difference between alveolar and mixed expired gas composition, divided by the difference between alveolar and inspired …

Bohr's theory
That spectrum lines are produced 1) by the quantised emission of radiant energy when electrons drop from an orbit of a higher to one of a lower energy level, or 2) by absorption of radiation when an electron rises from a lower to a higher energy level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boidae
A family of snakes comprising the boas, anacondas, and pythons. They occupy a variety of habitats through the tropics and subtropics and are arboreal, aquatic or fossorial (burrowing). Some are oviparous, others ovoviviparous. Contrary to popular opinion, they do not crush the bones of their victims: their coils exert enough pressure to stop a prey …

boil
1. To heat to the boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; as, to boil water. ... 2. To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation; as, to boil sugar or salt. ... 3. To subject to the action of heat in a boiling liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking, cleansing, etc.; as, to boil meat; to boil clothes. 'The stomach cook is for …

boiler
1. One who boils. ... 2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled. ... The word boiler is a generic term covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc. ... 3. <mechanics> A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in whic …

boiler horsepower
A measure of the maximum rate of heat energy output of a steam generator. One boiler horsepower equals 33,480 Btu/hr output in steam. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

boilermaker's deafness
Synonym for acoustic trauma deafness ... Sensorineural hearing loss due to overexposure to high intensity noise levels. ... Synonym: boilermaker's deafness, industrial deafness, occupational deafness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boiling
Heated to the point of bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or passion. Boiling point, the temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition. This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid under different press …

boiling point
This is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a given liquid reaches atmospheric pressure (and thus starts to boil). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

boiling point elevation
This is the phenomenon of increasing the temperature at which a liquid boils by dissolving another substance in the liquid (for example: you can raise the temperature at which water boils by adding salt to it). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

boiling water reactor
<radiobiology> Class of fission reactor where water is used as a coolant and allowed to boil into steam. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

boils
A Staphylococcal skin infection which involves a hair follicle, often referred to as a boil or a furuncle. A group of boils is known as a carbuncle. ... Symptoms and findings include a tender pea-sized (or larger), red nodule, may ooze pus or weep. ... Treatment includes warm, wet compresses several times a day. Oral or topical antibiotics may be ind …

bol
<abbreviation> Bolus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bold eagle
<zoology> An Australian eagle (Aquila audax), which destroys lambs and even the kangaroo. To make bold, to take liberties or the liberty; to venture. ... Synonym: Courageous, daring, brave, intrepid, fearless, dauntless, valiant, manful, audacious, stouthearted, high-spirited, adventurous, confident, strenuous, forward, impudent. ... Source: We …

boldenone
17b-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one;an anabolic and androgenic agent used in veterinary medicine. ... Synonym: dehydrotestosterone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boldin
A glycoside from boldus; a cholagogue and diuretic. ... Synonym: boldoglucin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boldine
A bitter alkaloid obtained from boldus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boldo
Synonym for boldus ... The leaves of Boldu boldus or Peumus boldus (family Monimiaceae), an evergreen shrub of Chile; used in various disturbances of liver function. ... Synonym: boldo. ... Origin: Chilean ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boldoglucin
Synonym for boldin ... A glycoside from boldus; a cholagogue and diuretic. ... Synonym: boldoglucin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boldus
The leaves of Boldu boldus or Peumus boldus (family Monimiaceae), an evergreen shrub of Chile; used in various disturbances of liver function. ... Synonym: boldo. ... Origin: Chilean ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bole
The trunk of a tree, below the lowest branch. ... Compare: canopy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

boletic acid
An obsolete term for fumaric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boley gauge
A caliper-type gauge graduated in millimeters used to measure the thickness of various dental materials. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bolivian haemorrhagic fever
A febrile illness similar to Argentinian haemorrhagic fever but caused by the Machupo virus, a member of Arenaviridae. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Bolivian haemorrhagic fever virus
A member of the Arenavirus group of single-stranded RNA viruses also known as Machupo virus; primary reservoir in rodents; produces multiple abnormalities in coagulation system including widespread capillary leak syndrome, which can be fatal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boll
1. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a globular form. ... 2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. Avoirdupois. Also, a measure for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes spelled bole. ... Origin: OE …

Boll, Franz
<person> German histologist and physiologist, 1849-1879. ... See: Boll's cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Boll's cells
Basal cell's in the lacrimal gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bollinger bodies
Relatively large, spheroid or ovoid, usually somewhat granular, acidophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusion body's observed in the infected tissues of birds with fowlpox; when body's are ruptured large numbers of fowlpox virus particles are released. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bollinger granules
Relatively small, but frequently microscopically visible, pale yellow or yellow-white granule's observed in the granulomatous lesion, or the exudate, in botryomycosis; the granule's consist of irregular aggregates or colonizations of Gram-positive cocci, usually staphylococci, term sometimes incorrectly used synonymously with Bollinger bodies. ... ( …

Bollinger, Otto
<person> German pathologist, 1843-1909. ... See: Bollinger bodies, Bollinger granules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bollman, Jesse
<person> U.S. Physiologist, *1896. ... See: Mann-Bollman fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bologna
1. A city of Italy which has given its name to various objects. ... 2. A Bologna sausage. Bologna sausage [It. Salsiccia di Bologna], a large sausage made of bacon or ham, veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin. ... <chemical> Bologna stone, radiated barite, or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of radiating fibres, …

Bolognini's symptom
A feeling of crepitation on gradually increasing pressure on the abdomen in cases of measles. ... Cardinal symptom, the primary or major symptom of diagnostic importance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bolster
1. A long pillow or cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; generally laid under the pillows. 'And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.' (Shak) ... 2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounde …

bolster finger
Monilial infection of the nail fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bolton
Joseph S., English neurologist, 1867-1946. ... See: Bolton plane, Bolton-Broadbent plane, Bolton-nasion plane, Bolton-nasion line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bolton plane
A roentgenographic cephalometric plane extending from the Bolton point to nasion. ... Synonym: Bolton-Broadbent plane, Bolton-nasion line, Bolton-nasion plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bolton-Broadbent plane
Synonym for Bolton plane ... A roentgenographic cephalometric plane extending from the Bolton point to nasion. ... Synonym: Bolton-Broadbent plane, Bolton-nasion line, Bolton-nasion plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bolton-nasion line
Synonym for Bolton plane ... A roentgenographic cephalometric plane extending from the Bolton point to nasion. ... Synonym: Bolton-Broadbent plane, Bolton-nasion line, Bolton-nasion plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bolton-nasion plane
Synonym for Bolton plane ... A roentgenographic cephalometric plane extending from the Bolton point to nasion. ... Synonym: Bolton-Broadbent plane, Bolton-nasion line, Bolton-nasion plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

boltzmann constant
<radiobiology> K = 1.38 x 10^-16 erg/degree. This is the ratio of the universal gas constant to Avogadro's number. It is also used to relate temperatures (Kelvin) to energies (ergs or Joules) via E = (constant of order unity) kT. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

boltzmann equation
<radiobiology> Fundamental equation in kinetic theory which describes the evolution of the distribution function. (See also Vlasov equation.) The actual equation is given in most texts covering plasma kinetic theory. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bolus
A mass of chewed food. ... Any mass or blob travelling through a tube. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bolus dressing
Synonym for tie-over dressing ... A dressing placed over a skin graft or other sutured wound and tied on by the sutures which have been left of sufficient length for that purpose. ... Synonym: bolus dressing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bolus injection
<procedure> The injection of a drug (or drugs) in a high quantity (called a bolus) at once, the opposite of gradual administration (as in intravenous infusion). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bomb
1. A great noise; a hollow sound. 'A pillar of iron . . . Which if you had struck, would make . . . A great bomb in the chamber beneath.' (Bacon) ... 2. A shell; especially. A spherical shell, like those fired from mortars. See Shell. ... 3. A bomb ketch. Bomb chest, a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which mortars are mounted to be use …

bomb calorimeter
An instrument which measures the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction. ... It is used for determining the potential energy of organic substances, including those in foods. It consists of a hollow steel container, lined with platinum and filled with pure oxygen, into which a weighed quantity of substance is placed and ignited with an …

bombard
1. A piece of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and other ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon. 'They planted in divers places twelve great bombards, wherewith they threw huge stones into the air, which, falling down into the city, might break down the houses.' (Knolles) ... 2. A bombardment. ... 3. A large drinking v …

bombardier
One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a gunner. ... A noncommissioned officer in the British artillery. ... <zoology> Bombardier beetle, a kind of beetle (Brachinus crepitans), so called because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied to other related …

Bombay phenomenon
A rare recessive trait at a locus that ordinarily manufactures H substance, the precursor from which the A and B phenotypes are elaborated; the mutant causes failure to produce H substance and no matter what the genotype at the ABO locus, the phenotype is O. The Bombay phenomenon is epistatic to the ABO locus. ... Origin: Bombay, India, where first …

Bombay trait
Synonym for Bombay phenomenon ... A rare recessive trait at a locus that ordinarily manufactures H substance, the precursor from which the A and B phenotypes are elaborated; the mutant causes failure to produce H substance and no matter what the genotype at the ABO locus, the phenotype is O. The Bombay phenomenon is epistatic to the ABO locus. ... Or …

bombesin
<endocrinology> Tetradecapeptide neurohormone with paracrine/autocrine effects first isolated from skin of fire bellied toad Bombina bombina), mammalian equivalent is gastrin-releasing peptide. ... Bombesin cross reacts with gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. Both are mitogenic for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts at nanomolar levels. Neuropeptides of …

bond
1. That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which anything is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a ligament; a shackle or a manacle. 'Gnawing with my teeth my bonds in sunder, I gained my freedom.' (Shak) ... 2. The state of being bound; imprisonment; captivity, restraint. 'This man doeth nothing worthy of death or of bonds …

bond angle
This refers to the angle formed between two nuclei which are linked together. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bond dissociation energy
This is the energy needed to break the bonds between two linked atoms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bond energy
The energy needed to break a molecular bond. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bond length
This is the distance between the nuclei of two atoms which have formed bonds with each other. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bonding
<dentistry> The process of attaching brackets to your teeth using a special safe glue. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

bonding, human-pet
The emotional attachment of individuals to pets. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone
1. <anatomy> The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone. ... Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute cavities containing living matter and connected by minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals th …

bone abscess
Suppuration within the medullary cavity (osteomyelitis), cortex, or periosteum of bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone ache
A dull pain in the bones, often severe; an extreme variety occurs in dengue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone age
The stage of development of bone as adjudged by radiography, in contrast to chronologic age. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone architecture
The pattern of trabeculae and associated structures. ... See: Wolff's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone ash
Synonym for tribasic calcium phosphate ... Ca3(PO4)2;used as an antacid. ... Synonym: bone ash, bone phosphate, tertiary calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, whitlockite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone banks
Centres for acquiring, characterizing, and storing bones or bone tissue for future use. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone black
Synonym for animal charcoal ... Charcoal produced by incomplete combustion of animal tissues, especially bone. ... Synonym: animal black, bone black, bone charcoal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone block
A surgical procedure in which the bone adjacent to the joint is modified to limit the motion of the joint mechanically; e.g., at the ankle joint to correct foot-drop by preventing extension below 90°, but allowing flexion within 90°. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone canaliculus
The canaliculus interconnecting bone lacunae with one another or with a haversian canal; contains the interconnecting cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone cancer
<oncology> A general term to imply malignant tumour growth in bone. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bone cell
Synonym for osteocyte ... <pathology> Osteoblast that is embedded in bony tissue and which is relatively inactive. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bone cements
Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...