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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


bone charcoal
Synonym for animal charcoal ... Charcoal produced by incomplete combustion of animal tissues, especially bone. ... Synonym: animal black, bone black, bone charcoal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone conduction
The conduction of sound to the inner ear through the bones of the skull. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone corpuscle
Synonym for osteocyte ... <pathology> Osteoblast that is embedded in bony tissue and which is relatively inactive. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bone cyst
See: solitary bone cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone cysts
Pathological bone spaces in the metaphyses of long bones of growing children. They are of disputed origin. Cysts may be either empty or filled with fluid and have a delicate connective tissue lining. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone cysts, aneurysmal
Solitary lesions of bone that typically cause a bulging of the overlying cortex bearing some resemblance to the saccular protrusion of the aortic wall in aortic aneurysm, hence the name. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone demineralization technique
Removal of mineral constituents or salts from bone or bone tissue. Demineralization is used as a method of studying bone strength and bone chemistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone demineralization, pathologic
Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. Osteoporosis is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. Calcification, physiologic is the proce …

bone density
Bone density is the amount of bone tissue in a certain volume of bone. It can be measured using a special X-ray called a quantitative computed tomogram. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone development
Gross development of bones from foetus to adult. It includes osteogenesis, which is restricted to formation and development of bone from the undifferentiated cells of the germ layers of the embryo. It does not include osseointegration. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone diseases, endocrine
Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine glands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone diseases, infectious
Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone dry
Having zero percent moisture content. Wood heated in an oven at a constant temperature of 212 degrees F or above until its weight stabilises is considered bone dry or oven dry. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

bone dry unit
A quantity of wood residue which weighs 2,400 pounds at zero percent moisture content. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

bone flap
Portion of cranium removed but left attached to overlying soft tissue structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone forceps
A strong forceps used for seizing or removing fragments of bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone Gla protein
Synonym for osteocalcin ... <protein> Polypeptide of 50 residues formed from a 76-77 amino acid precursor and found in the extracellular matrix of bone. Binds hydroxyapatite. Has limited homology of its leader sequence with that of other Vitamin K dependent proteins such as prothrombin, Factors IX and X and Protein C. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bone graft
Bone transplanted from a donor site to a recipient site. ... See: osteoplasty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone infarct
An area of bone tissue that has become necrotic as a result of loss of its arterial blood supply. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone island
<radiology> Small, intramedullary island of compact bone, usually negative on bone scan, shaggy, slightly stellate border, Differential diagnosis: osteoid osteoma, multiple leading to osteopoikilosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone lengthening
Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone malalignment
Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone marrow
<haematology> The soft, spongy tissue found in the centre of most large bones that produces the cellular components of blood: white cells, red cells and platelets (haemopoiesis). It is also the most radiation sensitive tissue of the body. ... (12 May 1997) ...

bone marrow aspirate
<procedure> A small volume of bone marrow removed under local or general anaesthetic from either the hip bone (pelvis) or breast bone (sternum). The cells in the sample can then be examined under the microscope to identify any abnormality in the developing blood cells. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

bone marrow aspiration
<procedure> Procedure used to remove a sample of bone marrow, usually from the rear hip bone, for examination under the microscope. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

bone marrow biopsy
<procedure> A test involving the insertion of a thin needle into the breastbone or more commonly, the hip, in order to aspirate a sample of the marrow. A small piece of cortical bone may also be obtained for biopsy. Anaemia of unknown cause is often investigated using this test. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bone marrow biopsy and aspiration
<procedure> A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the centre of a bone, usually the hip, to remove a small amount of bone marrow for microscopic examination. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bone marrow cells
The fat cells (adipocytes), large nucleated cells or myelocytes, and giant cells called megakaryocytes, filling the meshes making up the bone marrow, a meshwork of connective tissue containing branching fibres. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone marrow dose
The cumulative dose to the blood-forming organ from therapeutic or nuclear fallout irradiation; the presumed leukemogenic dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone marrow embolism
Obstruction of a vessel by bone marrow, usually following fracture of a bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone marrow examination
Removal of bone marrow and evaluation of its histologic picture. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone marrow harvesting
<procedure> A medical procedure which involves collecting healthy bone marrow which willbe stored and used in a future bone marrow transplant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bone marrow purging
Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumour cells) from the bone marrow ex vivo before it is infused. The purging is achieved by a variety of agents including pharmacologic agents, biophysical agents (laser photoirradiation or radioisotopes) and immunologic agents. Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous an …

bone marrow suppression
<oncology, pharmacology> A side effect of many anticancer and antiviral drugs, including AZT. ... Bone marrow suppression leads to a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Such reductions in turn result in anaemia, bacterial infections and spontaneous or excess bleeding. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bone marrow transplant
<procedure> A procedure in which a section of bone marrow is taken from one person and transplanted into another. ... It is used to replace bone marrow that has been damaged or diseased. It can be a treatment option in leukaemia. ... Acronym: BMT ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

bone marrow transplantation
<oncology, procedure> Treatment in which healthy bone marrow replaces bone marrow that has been affected by a disease or by treatment for a disease. ... Acronym: BMT ... (12 May 1997) ...

bone matrix
The intercellular substance of bone tissue consisting of collagen fibres, ground substance, and inorganic bone salts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone metastases
<radiology> Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98%, False negatives: multiple myeloma, thyroid carcinoma, small, purely lytic lesions, oat cell carcinoma Specificity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High, False positives: Paget's disease, arthritis, fibrous dysplasia, infection, trauma, new or old REF …

bone metastases in kids
<radiology> Rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, histiocytosis X Note: Wilms tumour goes to lung, not bone ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone morphogenetic protein
<protein> Activity derived from bone that induces the formation of cartilage and bone in vivo. ... Seven bone morphogenetic proteins have been described, BMP 1 being the only one not in the TGF beta superfamily. BMP 3 was formerly called osteogenin. ... Acronym: BMP ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bone morphogenetic proteins
Non-collagenous factors, believed to be proteins, that occur in demineralised bone and stimulate osteogenesis. They can induce new bone formation in ectopic sites and thus have potential use in bone repair. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone nails
Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone phosphate
Synonym for tribasic calcium phosphate ... Ca3(PO4)2;used as an antacid. ... Synonym: bone ash, bone phosphate, tertiary calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, whitlockite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone plate
A metal bar with perforations for the insertion of screws; used to immobilise fractured segments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone plates
Metal bars with perforations for the insertion of screws, used to immobilise fractured segments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone reflex
A reflex excited by a stimulus applied to a bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone regeneration
Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes callus formed after bone fracture but not yet replaced by hard bone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone remodeling
The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and play …

bone resorption
Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone scan
<investigation, radiology> A study of the body skeleton. A dose of radioactive substance is injected and the scan (taken a little time later) reads the distribution of the radioactivity. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

bone sensibility
Synonym for pallesthesia ... The appreciation of vibration, a form of pressure sense; most acute when a vibrating tuning fork is applied over a bony prominence. ... Synonym: bone sensibility, pallesthetic sensibility, vibratory sensibility. ... Origin: G. Pallo, to quiver, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone spavin
A rarefying osteitis involving the bones of the tarsus of the horse, usually those on the medial surface, resulting in exostoses and ankylosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone substitutes
Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue. ... (12 Dec …

bone tissue
Synonym for osseous tissue ... A connective tissue, the matrix of which consists of collagen fibres and ground substance and in which are deposited calcium salts (phosphate, carbonate, and some fluoride) in the form of an apatite. ... Synonym: bone tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone transplantation
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone tumour
<oncology> A general term that includes both malignant growths (cancer) and benign growths in bone. ... most cancer in bone tissue is secondary to spread (metastasis) from a distant primary cancer (for example prostate cancer). Primary bone cancer (for example osteogenic sarcoma) or cancer that arises from the bone cells, is relatively rare.
bone wax
A mixture of antiseptic agents, oil, and wax used to stop bleeding by plugging bone cavities or haversian canals. ... Synonym: Horsley's bone wax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bone wires
Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirschner wires or apparatus also includes the application of traction to the healing bones through the wires. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone within a bone
<radiology> STOP heavy metal, S: sickle cell disease, T: Thorotrast, O: osteopetrosis, P: Paget's disease, heavy metals, hypervitaminosis D ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bone-salt
The main chemical compound in bone, deposited as minute amorphous crystals in a netlike matrix of collagenous fibres containing collagen; it closely resembles the naturally occurring fluorapatite 3Ca3(PO4)2-CaF2, but is probably a hydroxyapatite in which F is replaced by OH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bonelet
Synonym for ossicle ... <anatomy> A small bone, particularly applied to the tiny bones of the middle ear, stapes, malleus and incus. ... Origin: L. Ossiculum ... (29 Sep 1997) ...

bones of digits
The phalanges and sesamoid bones of the fingers and toes. ... Synonym: ossa digitorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bones of inferior limb
Synonym for bones of lower limb ... These include the inferior limb girdle (hip bone) and the skeleton of the free inferior limb (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsus, metatarsus, and bones of the toes). ... Synonym: ossa membri inferioris, bones of inferior limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bones of lower limb
These include the inferior limb girdle (hip bone) and the skeleton of the free inferior limb (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsus, metatarsus, and bones of the toes). ... Synonym: ossa membri inferioris, bones of inferior limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bones of skull
The paired inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, palatine, parietal, temporal, and zygomatic; and the unpaired ethmoid, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and vomer. ... Synonym: ossa cranii, cranial bones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bones of superior limb
Synonym for bones of upper limb ... These include the superior limb girdle (scapula and clavicle) and the skeleton of the free superior limb (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist bones, metacarpus, and bones of the fingers). ... Synonym: ossa membri superioris, bones of superior limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bones of upper extremity
The bones of the upper and lower arm. They include the clavicle and scapula. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bones of upper limb
These include the superior limb girdle (scapula and clavicle) and the skeleton of the free superior limb (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist bones, metacarpus, and bones of the fingers). ... Synonym: ossa membri superioris, bones of superior limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bones of visceral cranium
Synonym for facial bones ... The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones, mandible, and maxilla, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid b …

bongkrekic acid
<chemical> An antibiotic produced by pseudomonas cocovenenans. It inhibits adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics. ... Chemical name: 2,4,8,10,14,18,20-Docosaheptaenedioic acid, 20-(carboxymethyl)-6-methoxy-2,5,17-trimethyl-, (R-(R*,S*-(E,Z,Z,E,E,Z,E)))- ... (12 Dec 1998 …

Bonhoeffer, Karl
<person> German psychiatrist, 1868-1948. ... See: Bonhoeffer's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonhoeffer's sign
<clinical sign> Loss of normal muscle tone in chorea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bonito
Origin: Sp. & Pg. Bonito, fr. Ar. Bainit and bainith. ... 1. <marine biology> A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast. ... 2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important and abun …

bonnet
1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap. ... 2. A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland. 'And pis and bonnets waving high.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no part of the forehead. The shape of …

Bonnet, Amedee
<person> French surgeon, 1809-1858. ... See: Bonnet's capsule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonnet's capsule
The anterior part of the vagina bulbi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome
<syndrome> A rare genetic disorder in women that is characterised by the absence of an X chromosome. ... This disorder inhibits normal sexual development and causes infertility. Features include webbing of the neck, short stature, retarded development of secondary sex characteristics, absence of menses, coarctation of the aorta, low hairline, …

Bonney test
Synonym for Marshall test ... Manual deviation of bladder neck during strain or cough to ascertain presence of stress urinary incontinence. ... Synonym: Bonney test, Marshall-Marchetti test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonnier, Pierre
<person> French clinician, 1861-1918. ... See: Bonnier's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonnier's syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome due to a lesion of Deiters nucleus and its connection; the symptoms include ocular disturbances (e.g., paralysis of accommodation, nystagmus, diplopia), as well as deafness, nausea, thirst, anorexia, and symptoms referable to the involvement of the vagus centres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonwill triangle
An equilateral triangle formed by lines from the contact points of the lower central incisors, or the medial line of the residual ridge of the mandible, to the condyle on either side and from one condyle to the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bonwill, William
<person> U.S. Dentist, 1833-1899. ... See: Bonwill triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony crepitus
Synonym for crepitation ... <clinical sign, orthopaedics> The spongy quality one appreciates on palpation (feeling with the open hand) of a fracture site (broken bones). This physical finding can be a clue that a fracture exists. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bony heart
The presence of extensive calcareous patches in the pericardium and walls of the heart, some of which chronically develop bony changes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony labyrinth
A series of cavities (cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals) contained within the otic capsule of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; the bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph, in which the delicate, endolymph-filled membranous labyrinth is suspended. ... Synonym: labyrinthus osseus, osseous labyrinth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony nasal septum
The bones supporting the bony part of the nasal septum; these are the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, the vomer, the sphenoidal rostrum, the crest of the nasal bones, the frontal spine, and the median crest formed by the apposition of the maxillary and palatine bones. ... Synonym: septum nasi osseum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony palate
A concave elliptical bony plate, constituting the roof of the oral cavity, formed of the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone on either side. ... Synonym: palatum osseum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony part of auditory tube
The portion of the auditory tube that passes from the tympanic cavity anteromedially through the semicanal for auditory tube. ... Synonym: pars ossea tubae auditivae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony part of nasal septum
The major portion of the nasal septum supported by the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. ... Synonym: pars ossea septi nasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bony semicircular canals
The three bony tubes in the labyrinth of the ear within which the membranous semicircular ducts are located; they lie in planes at right angles to each other and are known as anterior semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal, and lateral semicircular canal. ... Synonym: canales semicirculares ossei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

booby
Origin: Sp. Bobe dunce, idiot; cf. L. Balbus stammering, E. Barbarous. ... 1. A dunce; a stupid fellow. ... 2. <zoology> A swimming bird (Sula fibre or S. Sula) related to the common gannet, and found in the West Indies, nesting on the bare rocks. It is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The name is also sometimes applied to other …

book
1. A collection of sheets of paper, or similar material, blank, written, or printed, bound together; commonly, many folded and bound sheets containing continuous printing or writing. ... When blank, it is called a blank book. When printed, the term often distinguishes a bound volume, or a volume of some size, from a pamphlet. ... It has been held tha …

book illustrations
Photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, tables, or other representations or systematic arrangements of data designed to elucidate or decorate the contents of a publication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

book industry
The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing books. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Book syndrome
<syndrome> Premolar aplasia, hyperhidrosis, and premature canities; autosomal dominant trait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Book, Ian
<person> Swedish geneticist, *1915. ... See: Book syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bookplates
Labels pasted in books to mark their ownership and sometimes to indicate their location in a library. Private bookplates are often ornate or artistic: simpler and smaller ones bearing merely the owner's name are called 'book labels.' they are usually pasted on the front endpaper of books. ... Book owner's identification labels. They are usually inte …

books, illustrated
Books containing photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, tables, or other representations or systematic arrangement of data designed to elucidate or decorate its contents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

boom
1. A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib boom, the studding-sail boom, etc. ... 2. <mechanics> A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended. ... 3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the chann …

boomerang
A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very remarkable curves, accordin …