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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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bridge corpuscleSynonym for desmosome ... <cell biology> Specialised cell junction characteristic of epithelia into which intermediate filaments (tonofilaments of cytokeratin) are inserted. The gap between plasma membranes is of the order of 25-30nm and the intercellular space has a medial band of electron dense material. Desmosomes are particularly conspicuo …
bridged compoundsCyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
bridgeworkSynonym for partial denture ... A dental prosthesis which restores one or more, but less than all, of the natural teeth and/or associated parts and which is supported by the teeth and/or the mucosa; it may be removable or fixed. ... Synonym: bridgework. ... Distal extension, a removable partial denture that is retained by natural teeth at one end of t …
bridging hepatic necrosisArea of liver necrosis which bridges adjacent portal areas and central veins; subsequent post-necrotic collapse and fibrosis is likely to result in cirrhosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bridle1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages. ... 2. A restraint; a curb; a check. ... 3. The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc. ... 4. A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, o …
bridle strictureNarrowing of a canal by a band of tissue stretching across part of its lumen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bridle sutureA suture passed through the superior rectus muscle to rotate the globe downward in eye surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brief1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words. 'Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal.' (Shak) 'And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief.' (Shak) ... 2. An epitome. 'Each woman is a brief of womankind.' (Overbury) ... 3. An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of c …
brief psychiatric rating scaleA scale comprising 18 symptom constructs chosen to represent relatively independent dimensions of manifest psychopathology. The initial intended use was to provide more efficient assessment of treatment response in clinical psychopharmacology research; however, the scale was readily adapted to other uses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
brief psychotherapyAny form of psychotherapy or counseling designed to produce emotional or behavioural therapeutic change within a minimal amount of time (generally not more than 20 sessions). Brief therapy is usually active and directive; it is more clearly indicated when there are clearly defined symptoms or problems, and where the goals are limited and specific.< …
brief reactive psychosis<psychiatry> A brief display of psychotic behaviour that lasts for at least several hours, but not more than one week. Typically these reactions are brought on by periods of increased stress (for example death of a loved one). ... Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking, impaired speech and bizarre dress. ... (27 Sep 199 …
brigade1. A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general. ... Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or corps d'armee. ... 2. Any body of persons organised for acting or marching …
Brigg's testA test using the reduction of molybdate to follow the excretion of homogentisic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bright1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark. 'The sun was bright o'erhead.' (Longfellow) 'The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright.' (Drake) 'The public places were as bright as at noonday.' (Macaulay) ... 2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent. 'From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent …
bright field illumination<microscopy> The method of lighting the specimen with a solid cone of rays. Transmitted bright field illumination is performed by a substage condenser. Reflected bright field illumination is performed by a vertical illuminator. ... Compare: dark field illumination ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
bright field imaging<microscopy> An imaging mode in a transmission electron microscopy that uses only unscattered Electrons to form the image. Contrast in such an image is due entirely to mass-thickness variations in amorphous samples, and may include diffraction contrast in crystalline samples. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
bright field microscopy<technique> Optical microscopy, in which absorption to a great extent and diffraction to a minor extent give rise to the image, as opposed to phase contrast or interference methods of microscopy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
bright t1 lesion<radiology> (short T1), fat (lipoma, dermoid), sub-acute haemorrhage (metHb), paramagnetic agent (Gd, ? posterior pituitary), proteinaceous fluid (colloid cyst) most abnormalities cause long T1 and T2 (dark/bright) see also: dark T2 lesion ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Bright, Richard<person> English internist and pathologist, 1789-1858. ... See: Bright's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bright's disease<medicine> An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognised, differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid process. ... Origin: From Dr. Bright of Lon …
brighten1. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to. ... 2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or splendor to. 'The present queen would brighten her character, if she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her people.' (Swift) ... 3. To improve or relieve by dispellin …
brightness<microscopy> The brightness of an extended luminous source is termed the intensity per unit area measured in candles per cm exp2. Also, the intensity of reflection, it may be measured in lamberts, one lambert equals 1 lumen/cm exp2. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
brightness difference thresholdThe smallest difference that can be perceived as a difference in brightness. ... Synonym: light difference. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brill-Symmers diseaseAn obsolete term for nodular lymphoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brill-zinsser diseaseRecrudescence of epidemic typhus years after the initial attack. The agent that causes epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) remains viable for many years and then when host defenses are down, it is reactivated causing recurrent typhus. The disease is named for the physician Nathan Brill and the great bacteriologist Hans Zinsser. ... (12 Dec 1998) …
Brill, Nathan<person> U.S. Physician, 1860-1925. ... See: Brill's disease, Brill-Symmers disease, Brill-Zinsser disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brill's diseaseSynonym for brill-zinsser disease ... Recrudescence of epidemic typhus years after the initial attack. The agent that causes epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) remains viable for many years and then when host defenses are down, it is reactivated causing recurrent typhus. The disease is named for the physician Nathan Brill and the great bacterio …
brilliant greenThe sulfate of di-(p-diethylamino)-triphenyl carbinolanhydride. An indicator dye that changes from yellow to green at pH 0.0 to 2.6; also used as a topical antiseptic and as a selective bacteriostatic agent in culture media. ... Synonym: ethyl green. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brilliant green salt agarA highly selective culture medium consisting of agar with peptone, lactose, sodium taurocholate, brilliant green, and picric acid solution used in the primary isolation of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brilliant vital redSynonym for vital red ... Trisodium salt of a sulfonated diazo dye (a ditolyl group diazotised to sulfonated aminonaphthalene residues), used as a vital stain. ... Synonym: brilliant vital red. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brilliant yellowAn indicator dye that changes from yellow to orange or red at pH 6.4 to 8.0. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brim1. The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow vessel used for holding anything. 'Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim I would remove it with an anxious pity.' (Coleridge) ... 2. The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in it; the brink; border. 'The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the b …
Brimacombe fragmentA ribonucleoprotein fragment obtained by mild ribonuclease treatment of ribosomes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brimstoneSynonym: sulfur. ... Origin: A.S. Brinnan, to burn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brindleA hair coat colour in which there is a uniform mixture of gray or tawny hairs with others of white or black; a composite colour. ... Origin: diminutive of O.E. Brinded ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brine1. Water saturated or strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor resulting from the evaporation of natural or artificial waters. ... 2. The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt lake. 'Not long beneath the whelming brine . . . He lay.' (Cowper) ... 3. Tears; so call …
BrinellJohan A., Swedish metallurgist, 1849-1925. ... See: Brinell hardness number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brinell hardness numberA number related to the size of the permanent impression made by a ball indenter of specified size (usually 10 mm in diameter) pressed into the surface of the material under a specified load: where P = applied load in kg, D = diameter of the ball in mm, and d = diameter of the impression in mm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bring1. To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch. 'And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread.' (1 Kings xvii. 11) 'To France shall we convey you safe, And bring you back.' (Shak) ... 2. To cause the accession or obtaining o …
brinolase<enzyme> A fibrinolytic and thrombolytic enzyme from aspergillus oryzae. ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agent. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
BriquetPaul, French physician, 1796-1881. ... See: Briquet's ataxia, Briquet's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Briquet's ataxiaWeakening of the muscle sense and increased sensibility of the skin, in hysteria. ... Synonym: hysterical ataxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Briquet's diseaseHysterical neurosis, conversion type. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Briquet's syndrome<syndrome> A chronic but fluctuating mental disorder, usually of young women, characterised by frequent complaints of physical illness involving multiple organ systems simultaneously. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brisement forceForcible manipulation, usually under anaesthesia, in which the position of a deformed limb is corrected by tearing the soft tissue and crushing the bone, as in a once popular but no longer used correction for club foot deformities. ... Origin: Fr. Forcible breaking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brisketThe part of a beef animal (sometimes used of other species) that constitutes the caudoventral part of the neck and lies cranially to and between the forelimbs of the animal. ... Origin: O.E. Brusket ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brisket diseaseA disease of cattle, characterised by edematous swelling of the brisket and the tissues of the neck; the body cavities also contain large quantities of clear straw-coloured transudate; this disease results from right heart failure as a consequence of increased pulmonary resistance, which is in some way associated with movement of animals to high al …
BrissaudEdouard, French physician, 1852-1909. ... See: Brissaud's disease, Brissaud's infantilism, Brissaud's reflex, Brissaud-Marie syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brissaud-Marie syndrome<syndrome> Unilateral spasm of the tongue and lips, of hysterical nature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brissaud's diseaseSynonym for tic ... <clinical sign> An involuntary compulsive, repetitive, stereotyped movement, resembling a purposeful movement because it is coordinated and involves muscles in their normal synergistic relationships, tics usually involve the face and shoulders. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Brissaud's infantilism<paediatrics> Stunted body growth and mental development appearing in the first years of life resulting the inappropriate development of the thymus gland or inadequate maternal intake of iodine during gestation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
Brissaud's reflexTickling the sole causes a contraction of the tensor fasciae latae muscle, even when there is no responsive movement of the toes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
bristle<dermatology> Stiff, strong but slender hair or trichome. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
bristle cellHair cell of the inner ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
British anti-LewisiteSynonym for dimercaprol ... <chemical> 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine). It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning. ... Pharmacological action: antidotes, chelating agents. ... Chemical name: 1- …
british columbiaA province of canada on the pacific coast. Its capital is victoria. The name given in 1858 derives from the columbia river which was named by the american captain robert gray for his ship columbia which in turn was named for columbus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
British gumA form of dextrin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
British Thermal Unit<unit> Unit of energy needed to raise one pound of water by one degree fahrenheit. ... It is equal to 252 calories or 1055 Joules. ... Acronym: BTU ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
brittle bonesSynonym for osteogenesis imperfecta ... <orthopaedics, paediatrics> A group of genetic diseases of the bones. Divided into four types all result in brittle and frail bones. ... Multiple broken bones are common. Other features include deafness, white of the eyes appear bluish, kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis, tooth abnormalities, chest deformities and …
brittle diabetes<endocrinology> A term used when the blood glucose (sugar) level often swings quickly from high to low and from low to high and is somewhat unstable. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
BRL1 kinase<enzyme> Involved in brassinosteroid signal transduction; genbank af017056 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: brl1 gene product, leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, brl1, lrr receptor kinase brl1 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
broach1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit. 'I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point.' (Shak) ... 2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood. 'Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.' (Shak) ... 3. To open for the first time, as stores. 'You …
broad beta diseaseSynonym for type III familial hyperlipoproteinaemia ... Hyperlipoproteinaemia characterised by increased plasma levels of LDL, beta-lipoproteins, pre-beta-lipoproteins, cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides; hypertriglyceridemia induced by a high carbohydrate diet, and glucose tolerance is abnormal; frequent eruptive xanthomas and atheromato …
broad churchA portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship, intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and fellowship. 'Side by sid …
broad fasciaSynonym for deep fascia of thigh ... The strong deep fascia of the thigh, enveloping the muscles of the thigh and thickened laterally as the iliotibial track. ... Synonym: fascia lata, broad fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
broad ligament<anatomy> A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
broad ligament of the uterusThe peritoneal fold passing from the lateral margin of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis on either side, and in so doing also ensheathing the ovaries and uterine tubes. ... Synonym: ligamentum latum uteri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
broad spectrum<pharmacology> Often used to describe an antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of microorganisms. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
broad spectrum antibioticAn antibiotic having a wide range of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
BroadbentSir William H., British physician, 1835-1907. ... See: Broadbent's law, Broadbent's sign, Bolton-Broadbent plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broadbent's lawLesions of the upper segment of the motor tract cause less marked paralysis of muscles that habitually produce bilateral movements than of those that commonly act independently of the opposite side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broadbent's sign<clinical sign> A retraction of the thoracic wall, synchronous with cardiac systole, visible anywhere, but particularly in the left posterior axillary line; a sign of adherent pericardium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
broadcast1. Cast or dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing; widely diffused. ... 2. Scattering in all directions (as a method of sowing); opposed to planting in hills, or rows. ... So as to scatter or be scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from the hand in sowing, or news from the press. ... <agriculture> A …
broadcast burnControlled fire over the entire surface of a designated area. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
broadcast seeding<botany> To spread a seed mixture over a wide area by throwing loose clumps of seed through the air onto the soil. ... Sowing areas by scattering seed mechanically or by hand. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
broadest muscle of backSynonym for latissimus dorsi ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes of lower five or six thoracic and the lumbar vertebrae, median ridge of sacrum, and outer lip of iliac crest; insertion, with teres major into posterior lip of bicipital groove of humerus; action, adducts arm, rotates it medially, and extends it; nerve supply, thoraco …
broadsidesSeparately published pieces of paper or other material, usually printed on one side and intended to be read unfolded and usually intended to be posted, publicly distributed, or sold, e.g., proclamations, handbills, newssheets, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Broca, Pierre<person> French surgeon, neurologist, and anthropologist, 1824-1880. ... See: Broca's angles, Broca's aphasia, Broca's basilar angle, Broca's facial angle, Broca's area, Broca's parolfactory area, Broca's diagonal band, Broca's centre, Broca's field, Broca's fissure, Broca's formula, Broca's visual plane, Broca's pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's angleMore specifically see: Broca's basilar angle, Broca's facial angle, occipital angle of parietal bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's aphasia<neurology> Motor aphasia due to a lesion of the motor speech centre (Broca's area) in the brain. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
Broca's areaSynonym for Broca's centre ... The posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the left or dominant hemisphere, corresponding approximately to Brodmann's area 44; Broca identified this region as an essential component of the motor mechanisms governing articulated speech. ... Synonym: Broca's area, Broca's field, motor speech centre. ... (05 Mar 20 …
Broca's basilar angleThe angle formed at the basion of lines drawn from the nasion and the alveolar point. ... Synonym: Broca's angles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's centreThe posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the left or dominant hemisphere, corresponding approximately to Brodmann's area 44; Broca identified this region as an essential component of the motor mechanisms governing articulated speech. ... Synonym: Broca's area, Broca's field, motor speech centre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's diagonal bandA white fibre bundle descending in the precommissural septum toward the base of the forebrain, immediately rostral to the lamina terminalis; at the base, the bundle turns in the caudolateral direction; traveling through a ventral stratum of the innominate substance alongside the optic tract, it fades before reaching the amygdala. ... (05 Mar 2000)
Broca's facial angle
The angle formed by the intersection at the biauricular axis of lines drawn from the supraorbital point and the alveolar point. ... Synonym: Broca's angles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's field
Synonym for Broca's centre ... The posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the left or dominant hemisphere, corresponding approximately to Brodmann's area 44; Broca identified this region as an essential component of the motor mechanisms governing articulated speech. ... Synonym: Broca's area, Broca's field, motor speech centre. ... (05 Mar 20 …
Broca's fissure
The fissure surrounding Broca's convolution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's formula
A fully developed man (30 years old) should weigh as many kilograms as he is centimeters in height over and above 1 meter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's parolfactory area
Synonym for parolfactory area ... A small region of cerebral cortex on the medial surface of the frontal lobe, formed by the junction of the straight gyrus with the cingulate gyrus, demarcated from the subcallosal gyrus by the posterior parolfactory sulcus. ... Synonym: area parolfactoria, Broca's parolfactory area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's pouch
Synonym for pudendal sac ... A pear-shaped encapsulated collection of connective tissue and fat in each labium majus. ... Synonym: Broca's pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Broca's visual plane
A plane drawn through the visual axes of each eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brocard
An elementary principle or maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or metaphysics. 'The legal brocard, 'Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus,' is a rule not more applicable to other witness than to consciousness.' (Sir W. Hamilton) ... Origin: Perh. Fr. Brocardica, Brocardicorum opus, a collection of ecclesiastical canons by Burkhard, Bishop …
Brock operation
Transventricular valvotomy for relief of pulmonic valvar stenosis. Obsolete procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brock, Sir Russell
<person> British surgeon, *1903. ... See: Brock's syndrome, Brock operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brock's syndrome
Synonym for middle lobe syndrome ... Atelectasis of the right middle pulmonary lobe, with chronic pneumonitis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Brockenbrough
E.C., U.S. Surgeon, *1930. ... See: Brockenbrough sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brockenbrough sign
<clinical sign> Absolute decrease in pulse pressure of the beat immediately following a premature beat; a sign of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
brocker
1. <zoology> A male red deer two years old; sometimes called brock. ... 2. <zoology> A small South American deer, of several species (Coassus superciliaris, C. Rufus, and C. Auritus). ... Origin: OE. Broket, F. Broquart fallow deer a year old, fr. The same root as E. Broach, meaning point (hence tine of a horn). ... Source: Websters Dictio …
Brocq
Louis A.J., French dermatologist, 1856-1928. ... See: Brocq's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Brocq's disease
A variety of parapsoriasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
