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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


buffer
<biochemistry, chemistry> A system that acts to minimise the change in concentration of a specific chemical species in solution against addition or depletion of this species. ... PH buffers: weak acids or weak bases in aqueous solution. The working range is given by pKa +/ 1. ... Metal ion buffers: a metal ion chelator for example EDTA, partial …

buffer capacity
<chemistry> The ability of a buffer solution to absorb added alkali or acid while maintaining the solution's pH. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

buffer index
Synonym for buffer value ... The power of a substance in solution to absorb acid or alkali without change in pH; this is highest at a pH value equal to the pKa value of the acid of the buffer pair. ... See: buffer capacity. ... Synonym: buffer index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buffer pair
An acid and its conjugate base (anion). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buffer value
The power of a substance in solution to absorb acid or alkali without change in pH; this is highest at a pH value equal to the pKa value of the acid of the buffer pair. ... See: buffer capacity. ... Synonym: buffer index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buffer value of the blood
The ability of the blood to compensate for additions of acid or alkali without disturbance of the pH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buffer zone
<ecology> An area of land separating two distinct land uses that acts to soften or mitigate the effects of one land use on the other. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

buffered
<pharmacology> Refers to pills coated with a special substance that neutralises stomach acid. Drugs are buffered to reduce stomach upset or increase absorption by the intestines. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

buffered crystalline penicillin G
Crystalline potassium penicillin G or crystalline sodium penicillin G buffered with not less than 4% and not more than 5% of sodium citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buffers
Chemical systems that prevent change in the concentration of another chemical substance, e.g. Proton donor and acceptor systems serve as buffers preventing marked changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

buffet
1. A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc, a sideboard. 'Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride Turns you from sound philosophy aside.' (Pope) ... 2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or place of public gathering. ... Origin: F. Buffet, LL. Bufe …

buffy coat
<haematology> Thin yellow white layer of leucocytes on top of the mass of red cells when whole blood is centrifuged. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bufo arenarum
<zoology> A species of the true toads, bufonidae, found in south america. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bufo bufo
<zoology> A species of the true toads, bufonidae, widely distributed in the united states and europe. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bufo marinus
>zoology> A species of the true toads, bufonidae, becoming fairly common in the southern united states and almost pantropical. The secretions from the skin glands of this species are very toxic to animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bufogenins
Synonym for bufagins ... A group of steroids (bufanolides) in the venom of a family of toads (Bufonidae) having a digitalis-like action upon the heart; cardiac glycosides having a six-membered lactone. ... See: bufotoxins. ... Synonym: bufagenins, bufogenins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bufonidae
<zoology> The family of true toads belonging to the order anura. The genera include bufo, ansonia, nectophrynoides, and atelopus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bufonite
<paleontology> An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the oolite and chalk formations; toadstone; so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad. ... Origin: L. Bufo toad: cf. F. Bufonite. ... S …

buformin
<chemical> 1-butylbiguanide. An oral hypoglycaemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation. ... Pharmacological action: hypoglycaemic agents. ... Chemical name: Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N-butyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bufotenin
<chemical> A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic. ... Pharmacological action: hallucinogens, serotonin antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1H-Ind …

bufotenine
<chemical> An indole alkaloid with hallucinogenic effects, isolated from Piptadenia spp (Mimosidae), first isolated from skin glands of toad (Bufo sp). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bufotoxins
1. A group of steroid lactones (conjugates of bufagins and suberylarginine at C-3) of digitalis present in the venoms of toads (family Bufonidae); their effects are similar to but weaker than those of the bufagins. ... 2. <zoology> Specifically, the main toxin of the European toad (Bufo vulgaris). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Liver microsomal enzyme utilizing NADPH and cytochrome p-450; competetive inhibition by debrisoquine ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: bufuralol 1'-monooxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bug
1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. 'Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek.' (Shak) ... 2. <zoology> A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc. ... 3. <zoology> An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. Lectularius). See …

buggery
Synonym: sodomy. ... Origin: O.F. Bougre, heretic, fr. Med. L. Bulgaris, a Bulgar (hence a heretic) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bugle
An elingated glass bead, of various colours, though commonly black. ... Origin: LL. Bugulus a woman's ornament: cf. G. Bugel a bent piece of metal or wood, fr. The same root as G. Biegen to bend, E. Bow to bend. ... <botany> A plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga chamaepitys. ... Origin: …

build-up
<radiobiology> The increase in absorbed dose with depth below the surface in a material irradiated by a beam of X-rays or gamma rays. Build-up may be two kinds: ... 1. Electron Build-up: This is due to an increasing electron fluence in the material. ... 2. Photon Build-up: This is due to scattering in broad beams of radiation. ... For high energ …

building codes
Standards or regulations for construction which are designed to ensure safety against electrical hazards, fires, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bulb
A modified underground stem which has one or more buds enclosed in fleshy modified leaves or scales which supply energy to the bud when they start to grow, onions and tulips have bulbs. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bulb of corpus spongiosum
Synonym for bulb of penis ... The expanded posterior part of the corpus spongiosum of the penis lying in the interval between the crura of the penis. ... Synonym: bulbus penis, bulb of corpus spongiosum, bulb of urethra, bulbus urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulb of eye
Synonym for eyeball ... The eye proper without the appendages. ... Synonym: bulbus oculi, bulb of eye, globe of eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulb of hair
Hair bulb, the lower expanded extremity of the hair follicle that fits like a cap over the papilla pili. ... Synonym: bulbus pili, hair bulb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulb of jugular vein
<anatomy, vein> One of two dilated parts of the internal jugular vein: the superior bulb (Heister's diverticulum) is a dilation at the beginning of the internal jugular vein in the jugular fossa of the temporal bone; the inferior bulb is a dilat ed portion of the vein just before it reaches the brachiocephalic vein. ... Synonym: jugular bulb, …

bulb of lateral ventricle
A rounded elevation in the dorsal part of the medial wall of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, produced by the major forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulb of penis
The expanded posterior part of the corpus spongiosum of the penis lying in the interval between the crura of the penis. ... Synonym: bulbus penis, bulb of corpus spongiosum, bulb of urethra, bulbus urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulb of urethra
Synonym for bulb of penis ... The expanded posterior part of the corpus spongiosum of the penis lying in the interval between the crura of the penis. ... Synonym: bulbus penis, bulb of corpus spongiosum, bulb of urethra, bulbus urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulb of vestibule
A mass of erectile tissue on either side of the vagina united anterior to the urethra by the commissura bulborum. ... Synonym: bulbus vestibuli vaginae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbar
<anatomy> Pertaining to a bulb, pertaining to or involving the medulla oblongata, as in bulbar palsy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bulbar apoplexy
Apoplexy due to vascular lesion in the brainstem. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbar conjunctiva
The part of the conjunctiva covering the anterior surface of the sclera and the surface epithelium of the cornea. ... Synonym: tunica conjunctiva bulbi, conjunctival layer of bulb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbar myelitis
Inflammation of the medulla oblongata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbar palsy
Synonym for progressive bulbar paralysis ... Progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the tongue, lips, palate, pharynx, and larynx, usually occurring in later life; most often caused by motor neuron disease. ... Synonym: bulbar palsy, bulbar paralysis, Duchenne's disease, Erb disease, glossolabiolaryngeal paralysis, glossolabiopharyngeal p …

bulbar paralysis
Synonym for progressive bulbar paralysis ... Progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the tongue, lips, palate, pharynx, and larynx, usually occurring in later life; most often caused by motor neuron disease. ... Synonym: bulbar palsy, bulbar paralysis, Duchenne's disease, Erb disease, glossolabiolaryngeal paralysis, glossolabiopharyngeal p …

bulbar pulse
A jugular pulse supposed to indicate tricuspid insufficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbar ridge
One of two spiral subendocardial thickenings in the embryonic bulbus cordis; when they fuse, they divide the bulbus into the aorta and pulmonary artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbar septum
An obsolete term for spiral septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbel
A bulb arising from another bulb. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bulbi
The pleural of bulbus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbil
A small, deciduous bulb (or tuber) formed in the axil of a leaf and functioning to propagate the plant vegetatively. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bulbitis
Inflammation of the bulbous portion of the urethra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbo-
Bulb; bulbus ... Origin: L. Bulbus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbocapnine
Drug derived from roots of Corydalis cava and C. Tuberosa (family Fumariaceae) and Dicentra canadensis (family Papaveraceae); blocks the effects of dopamine on peripheral dopamine receptors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbocavernosus
See: musculus bulbocavernosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbocavernosus muscle
<anatomy> In the male: origin, the perineal membrane fascia on the dorsum of the bulb of the penis; insertion, central tendon of the perineum and the median raphe on the free surface of the bulb; action, constricts bulbous urethra when attempting to expel last drops following urination, or spasmodically with ejaculation to expel semen. In the …

bulbocavernosus reflex
A sharp contraction of the bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles when the glans penis is suddenly compressed or tapped. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulboid
Bulb-shaped. ... Origin: bulbo-+ G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulboid corpuscles
Synonym for Krause's end bulbs ... Nerve terminals in skin, mouth, conjunctiva, and other parts, consisting of a laminated capsule of connective tissue enclosing the terminal, branched, convoluted ending of an afferent nerve fibre; generally believed to be sensitive to cold. ... Synonym: corpuscula bulboidea, bulboid corpuscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbomimic reflex
In a case of coma from severe apoplexy, pressure on the eyeballs causes contraction of the facial muscles of expression on the side opposite to the lesion; if coma due to diabetes, uraemia, or other toxic cause the reflex is present on both sides. ... Synonym: facial reflex, Mondonesi's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbonuclear
Relating to the nuclei in the medulla oblongata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbopontine
Relating to the rostral part of the rhombencephalon composed of the pons and overlying tegmentum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbosacral
See: bulbosacral system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbosacral system
parasympathetic part ...

bulbospinal
Relating to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, particularly to nerve fibres interconnecting the two. ... Synonym: spinobulbar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbourethral
Relating to the bulbus penis and the urethra. ... Synonym: urethrobulbar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbourethral gland
One of two small compound racemose glands, that produce a mucoid secretion, lying side by side along the membranous urethra just above the bulb of the corpus spongiosum; they discharge through a small duct into the spongy portion of the urethra. ... Synonym: glandula bulbourethralis, Cowper's gland, Mery's gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbourethral glands
Two glands in the substance of the sphincter of the urethra, just posterior to its membranous part and located near its origin. They are homologues of bartholin's glands in the female. They supply mucus to the urethra during sexual intercourse to assist in the lubrication of coitus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bulbous bougie
A bougie with a bulb-shaped tip, some of which are shaped like an acorn or an olive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulboventricular loop
The portion of the early-somite embryonic cardiac tube that evolves into the ventricle and bulbus cordis. ... Synonym: ventricular loop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulboventricular ridge
An elevation on the inner surface of the embryonic heart at four to five weeks; it indicates the division between the developing ventricles and the bulbus cordis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus
Synonym: bulb, bulb. ... Origin: L. A plant bulb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus aortae
Synonym for aortic bulb ... The dilated first part of the aorta containing the aortic semilunar valves and the aortic sinuses. ... Synonym: bulbus aortae, arterial bulb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus cordis
A transitory dilation in the embryonic heart where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus cornus posterioris
Bulb of posterior horn of lateral ventricle of the brain; a curved elevation on the inner wall of the posterior horn produced by the fibres of the forceps major of the corpus callosum as they bend backward into the occipital lobe. ... Synonym: bulb of posterior horn of lateral ventricle of brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus oculi
Synonym for eyeball ... The eye proper without the appendages. ... Synonym: bulbus oculi, bulb of eye, globe of eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus olfactorius
Synonym for olfactory bulb ... Ovoid body resting on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone where the olfactory nerve terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose dendrites the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the pro …

bulbus penis
Synonym for bulb of penis ... The expanded posterior part of the corpus spongiosum of the penis lying in the interval between the crura of the penis. ... Synonym: bulbus penis, bulb of corpus spongiosum, bulb of urethra, bulbus urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus pili
Synonym for bulb of hair ... Hair bulb, the lower expanded extremity of the hair follicle that fits like a cap over the papilla pili. ... Synonym: bulbus pili, hair bulb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus urethrae
Synonym for bulb of penis ... The expanded posterior part of the corpus spongiosum of the penis lying in the interval between the crura of the penis. ... Synonym: bulbus penis, bulb of corpus spongiosum, bulb of urethra, bulbus urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulbus venae jugularis
Synonym for bulb of jugular vein ... <anatomy, vein> One of two dilated parts of the internal jugular vein: the superior bulb (Heister's diverticulum) is a dilation at the beginning of the internal jugular vein in the jugular fossa of the temporal bone; the inferior bulb is a dilat ed portion of the vein just before it reaches the brachiocepha …

bulbus vestibuli vaginae
Synonym for bulb of vestibule ... A mass of erectile tissue on either side of the vagina united anterior to the urethra by the commissura bulborum. ... Synonym: bulbus vestibuli vaginae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulesis
The will; a willing. ... Origin: G. Boulesis, a willing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulge
1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. ... 2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, especially. When caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall. ... 3. The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge. Bulge ways. ... See Bilge ways. ... Origin: OE. Bulge a swelling; cf. AS. Belgan to swell, OSw. Bulgja, Icel. Bolginn swollen, OHG. Belgan to swell, G. B …

bulging disc
<radiology> Broad-based disc extension outward in all directions with intact but weakened annulus fibrosus and posterior longitudinal ligament, age: greater than40 y.o (common finding), location: lumbar, cervical findings: concave anterior margin of thecal sac, nucleus pulposa hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2 (water loss through degen …

bulging disk
A condition that results in the abnormal protrusion (bulging), herniation or prolapse of a vertebral disc from its normal position in the vertebral column. The displaced disc may exert force on a nearby nerve root causing the typical neurologic symptoms of radiating pain (to an extremity), numbness, tingling and weakness. Recurrent episodes of seve …

bulging eye disease
Synonym for gedoelstiosis ... Infection of herbivores and rarely man with larvae of flies of the genus Gedoelstia, causing ophthalmomyiasis in humans. ... Synonym: bulging eye disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulimia
An eating disorder which is characterised by self-induced vomiting after eating. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder which is characterised by self-induced vomiting after eating. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bulimic
Relating to, or suffering from, bulimia nervosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulinus
A genus of small freshwater snails of the order pulmonata, found throughout africa and the middle east, where it is a vector of schistosoma haematobium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bulk density
Weight per unit of volume, usually specified in pounds per cubic foot. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

bulk modulus
modulus of volume elasticity ...

bulkage
Anything, such as agar, that increases the bulk of material in the intestine, thereby stimulating peristalsis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulkhead
1. A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same deck. ... 2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall along a water front. Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must not project; usually, the harbor line. ... See: Bulk part of a building.
bull
Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce. Bull bat, the pine snake of the United States. Bull stag, a castrated bull. See Stag. Bull wheel, a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is wound for lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc. ... 1. A seal. See Bulla. ... 2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, …

bull neck
A heavy thick neck caused by hypertrophied muscles or enlarged cervical lymph nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bull's-eye
1. A small circular or oval wooden block without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it, used for connecting rigging. ... 2. A small round cloud, with a ruddy center, supposed by sailors to portend a storm. ... 3. A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck, roof, floor, ship's side, etc, to let in light. ... 4. A circular or oval …

bull's-eye maculopathy
An ocular condition in which oedema or degeneration of the sensory retina at the posterior pole of the eye causes alternating areas of light and dark, as in a target; seen in toxic, inflammatory, and hereditary conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulla
Origin: L. Bulla bubble. See Bull an edict. ... 1. <medicine> A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid. ... 2. <anatomy> The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; as, the tympanic or auditory bulla. ... 3. A leaden seal for a document; especially. The ro …

bulla ethmoidalis
Synonym for ethmoidal bulla ... A bulging of the inner wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth in the middle meatus of the nose, just below the middle nasal concha; it is regarded as a rudimentary concha. ... Synonym: bulla ethmoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bulla tympanica
The bony capsule enclosing the middle ear of the cat and dog. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...