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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

butter stools
Fatty stool's, occurring especially in steatorrhoea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butter yellow
C6H5N:NC6H4N(CH3)2;a fat-soluble yellow dye (MW 225) that has hepatic carcinogenic action in experimental animals; used as an indicator of pH (red, at pH 2.9, yellow at pH 4.0). ... Synonym: dimethylaminoazobenzene, methyl yellow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butterflies
Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly coloured and patterned. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butterfly
Origin: Perh. From the colour of a yellow species. AS. Buter-flege, buttor-fleoge; cf. G. Butterfliege, D. Botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly. ... <zoology> A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera. ... See: Illust. Under Aphrodite] Asclepias butterfly. See Asclepias. Butterfly fish, a kind of double clack valve, consisting o …

butterfly eruption
Synonym for butterfly ... Origin: Perh. From the colour of a yellow species. AS. Buter-flege, buttor-fleoge; cf. G. Butterfliege, D. Botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly. ... <zoology> A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera. ... See: Illust. Under Aphrodite] Asclepias butterfly. See Asclepias. Butterfly fish, a kind of double …

butterfly fragment
A broad triangular fragment that is commonly present in comminuted fractures of the diaphysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butterfly lung
Haemorrhagic markings appearing on an animal's lung after inoculation with Leptospira interrogans (L. Icterohaemorrhagiae). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butterfly patch
Synonym for butterfly ... Origin: Perh. From the colour of a yellow species. AS. Buter-flege, buttor-fleoge; cf. G. Butterfliege, D. Botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly. ... <zoology> A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera. ... See: Illust. Under Aphrodite] Asclepias butterfly. See Asclepias. Butterfly fish, a kind of double …

butterfly pattern
Bilateral, symmetric, pulmonary alveolar opacities sparing the periphery, on chest radiographs; usually caused by pulmonary oedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butterfly rash
Synonym for butterfly ... Origin: Perh. From the colour of a yellow species. AS. Buter-flege, buttor-fleoge; cf. G. Butterfliege, D. Botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly. ... <zoology> A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera. ... See: Illust. Under Aphrodite] Asclepias butterfly. See Asclepias. Butterfly fish, a kind of double …

butterfly vertebra
A hemivertebra or sagittally cleft vertebra that has a butterfly configuration on frontal radiographs; congenital in origin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buttermilk
The fluid containing casein and lactic acid, left after the process of making butter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buttery
Origin: OE. Botery, botry; cf. LL. Botaria wine vessel; also OE. Botelerie, fr. F. Bouteillerie, fr. Boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter. See Bottle a hollow vessel, Butt a cask. ... 1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions are kept. 'All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and butteries, to the n …

buttocks
The buttocks; the prominence formed by the gluteal muscles on either side. ... Synonym: clunes, nates, breech. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

button
1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass. ... 2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; used also for ornament. ... 3. A bud; a germ of a plant. ... 4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and e …

button suture
A suture in which the threads are passed through the holes of a button and then tied; used to reduce the danger of the threads cutting through the flesh. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buttonhole
1. A short straight cut made through the wall of a cavity or canal. ... 2. The contraction of an orifice down to a narrow slit; i.e., the so-called mitral buttonhole in extreme mitral stenosis. ... See: buttonhole stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buttonhole iridectomy
peripheral iridectomy ...

buttonhole stenosis
Extreme narrowing, usually of the mitral valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buttress
A flange of tissue protruding from the main outline of the base of a tree. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

buttress foot
A condition of the horse's foot in which there is exostosis of the extensor process of the third phalanx, with swelling and chronic inflammation at the coronary band on the anterior surface of the foot. ... Synonym: pyramidal disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

buttress plate
A metal plate used to support the internal fixation of a fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyl alcohol
C4H9OH;several isomeric forms are known: ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyl aminobenzoate
N-butyl p-aminobenzoate;a local anaesthetic, very insoluble and only slightly absorbed. ... Synonym: butamben. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butylated hydroxyanisole
<chemical> Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It may inhibit carcinogenesis. ... Pharmacological action: antioxidants, food preservatives, pharmaceutic aid. ... Chemical name: Phenol, (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butylated hydroxytoluene
<chemical> Antioxidant used in foods, cosmetics, petroleum products, etc. It may inhibit some neoplasms and facilitate others. ... Pharmacological action: antioxidants, food preservatives, pharmaceutic aid. ... Chemical name: Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butylene glycols
4-carbon straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons substituted with two hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl groups cannot be on the same carbon atom. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
<chemical> A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: 1-Butanol, 4-(butylnitrosoamino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butylparaben
Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate;an antifungal preservative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butylscopolammonium bromide
<chemical> Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. ... Pharmacological action: muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics. ... Chemical name: 3-Oxa-9-azoniatricyclo(3.3.1. …

butyraceous
Buttery in consistency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyrate-CoA ligase
Fatty acid thiokinase (medium chain), a ligase forming acyl-CoA's from medium-chain fatty acids and CoA with the conversion of ATP to AMP and PPi. A key step in activation of fatty acids. ... Synonym: acyl-activating enzyme, butyryl-CoA synthetase, octanoyl-CoA synthetase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyric
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or derived from, butter. Butyric acid, C3H7.CO2H, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called in distinction the normal- and iso-butyric acid. The normal butyric ac …

butyric acid
An acid of unpleasant odour occurring in butter, cod liver oil, sweat, and many other substances. It exists in two forms: ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyric acids
4-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butyrocholinesterase
Synonym for cholinesterase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine tostop its action. ... (22 May 1997) ...

butyroid
1. Buttery. ... 2. Resembling butter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyrometer
An instrument for determining the amount of butterfat in milk. ... Origin: G. Boutyron, butter, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyrophenone
One of a group of derivatives of 4-phenylbutylamine that have neuroleptic activity; e.g., haloperidol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyrous
Denoting a tissue or bacterial growth of butter-like consistency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyryl
Synonym for butanoyl ... CH3(CH2)2 COO-;the radical of butanoic acid. ... Synonym: butyryl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyryl-CoA
CH3CH2CH2COSCoA;condensation product of coenzyme A and n-butanoic acid; an intermediate in fatty acid degradation and in biosynthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Electron-transferring flavoprotein system reducing ubiquinone and other acceptors; formerly EC 1.3.2.1; a short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.2 ... Synonym: butyryl dehydrogenase, butyryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

butyryl-CoA synthetase
Synonym for butyrate-CoA ligase ... Fatty acid thiokinase (medium chain), a ligase forming acyl-CoA's from medium-chain fatty acids and CoA with the conversion of ATP to AMP and PPi. A key step in activation of fatty acids. ... Synonym: acyl-activating enzyme, butyryl-CoA synthetase, octanoyl-CoA synthetase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

butyrylcholine esterase
Synonym for cholinesterase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine tostop its action. ... (22 May 1997) ...

butyrylcholinesterase
<enzyme> An aspect of cholinesterase (ec 3.1.1.8). ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

butyrylthiocholine
<chemical> N,n,n-trimethyl-2-((1-oxobutyl)thio)-ethanaminium. A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrate and thiocholine. It is used as a reagent in the determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity. ... Chemical name: Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-((1-oxobutyl)thio)- ... (12 Dec 19 …

buyers' club
A nonprofit group that imports AIDS-related therapies available in other countries but not yet approved by the FDA for use in the United States. Many buyers' club products are sold abroad for purposes that are not related to AIDS or HIV infection and their use for these conditions is still speculative. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

buyo cheek cancer
betel cancer ...

buzz
To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice. 'Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him.' (Longfellow) 'However these disturbers of our peace Buzz in the people's ears.' (Shak) ... Origin: An onomatopoeia. ... Source: Websters Dictionar …

buzzard
1. <zoology> A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus Buteo and related genera. ... The Buteo vulgaris is the common buzzard of Europe. The American species (of which the most common are B. Borealis, B. Pennsylvanicus, and B. Lineatus) are usually called hen hawks. The rough-legged buzzard, or bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis apivo …

Buzzard, Thomas
<person> English physician, 1831-1919. ... See: Buzzard's manoeuvre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Buzzard's manoeuvre
Testing the patellar reflex while the sitting patient makes firm pressure on the floor with the toes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Buzzi, Fausto
<person> Coworker of Ernst Schweninger. ... See: Schweninger-Buzzi anetoderma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bw 284 c 51
<chemical> 1,3-di(p-n1,3-di(p-n-allyl-n-methylaminophenyl)pentane-3-one. Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor. ... Chemical name: Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, dibromide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bw-755c
<chemical> A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-infla …

Bwamba fever
A febrile illness of humans in Africa caused by a virus of the family Bunyaviridae and transmitted by mosquitoes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bwamba virus
A genus of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae; a serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus; associated with cases of Bwamba fever in Uganda. ... Origin: Bwamba, forest in Uganda where first isolated ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

by-end
Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage. ... Alternative forms: bye-end. ... (20 Mar 1998) ...

by-law
1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government. 'There was likewise a law to restrain the by-laws, or ordinances of corporations.' (Bacon) 'The law or institution; to which are added two by-laws, as a comment upon the general law.' (Addison) ... 2. A law that is less important than a general l …

by-product
<chemistry> A product of a chemical reaction or industrial process which is different from the desired product. ... (20 Mar 1998) ...

by-product material
Radioactive material produced by nuclear fission or by neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor or similar device. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Byler disease
Familial intrahepatic cholestasis, with early onset of loose, foul-smelling stools, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and dwarfism, due to an error in conjugated bile salt metabolism; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Origin: Byler, an Amish kindred ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bypass graft
<surgery> An alternative blood vessel that is created by a surgeon to reroute blood flow. Grafts may be synthetic (dacryon) or autologous (a vein from the patients own leg used as a substitute for the diseased vessel). ... (20 Mar 1998) ...

byr1 protein kinase
<enzyme> Has been sequenced; from schizosaccharomyces pombe; antibody to this enzyme also reacts with s. Cerevisiae protein kinase ste7 and with a map kinase kinase from cos cells ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

byssinosis
<chest medicine> Exposures to cotton dust during the production of yarns, linen and rope can produce chronic obstructive lung disease (after 10 years). Early symptoms include chest tightness. ... Treatment includes bronchodilators and removal from work environment. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...

byssus
1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk. ... Alternative forms: byss and byssin. ... 2. <marine biology> A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the Pinna and Mytilus, …

bystander help
<immunology> Lymphokine mediated non-specific help by T lymphocytes, stimulated by one antigen, to lymphocytes stimulated by other antigens. ... (21 Mar 1998) ...

byte
A group of adjacent bits, commonly 4, 6 or 8, operating as a unit for the storage and manipulation of data in a computer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

byzantine
Of or pertaining to Byzantium. ... A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. ... Alternative forms: Bizantine ... Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church. See Greek. ... Byzantine empire, the Eastern …

Byzantine arch palate
Incomplete fusion of the palatal process with the nasal spine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

byzantium
An ancient city, the site of modern istanbul. From the 4th to 15th centuries the empire extended from southeastern europe to western asia, reaching its greatest extent under justinian (527-565). By about 1000 a.d. It comprised the southern balkans, greece, asia minor, and parts of southern italy. The capture of constantinople in 1453 marked the for …

C banding
<molecular biology> Method of defining chromosome structure by staining with Giemsa and looking at the banding pattern in the heterochromatin of the centromeric regions. Giemsa banding (G banding) of the whole chromosome gives higher resolution. Q banding is done with quinacrine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

C carbohydrate antigen
An antigen found in the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae. ... See: beta-haemolytic streptococci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

C cell
A cell of the pancreatic islets of the guinea pig. ... Synonym: gamma cell of pancreas. ... Synonym: parafollicular cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

C chain
Synonym for c-peptide ... <protein> C-peptide is a byproduct of normal insulin production by the beta cells in the pancreas. Normal values are 0.5 to 3.0 ng/ml. Normal levels indicate that the body is still producing its own insulin. Low levels indicate that the pancreas is producing little or no insulin. Elevations can be seen in cases of ins …

C factors
Synonym for coupling factors ... Proteins that restore phosphorylating ability to mitochondria that have lost it, i.e., have become 'uncoupled' so that oxidation and electron transport no longer produces ATP. Usually termed coupling factor F1, F2, etc. ... Synonym: C factors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

C fibres
Unmyelinated fibre's, 0.4 to 1.2 um in diameter, conducting nerve impulses at a velocity of 0.7 to 2.3 m/sec. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

C gene
The gene coding for the constant regions of immunoglobulin chains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

C group viruses
A serologic group of the genus Bunyavirus (formerly called group C arboviruses), composed of 12 species including Caraparu, Murutucu, and Oriboca virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

C polysaccharide
<microbiology> Polysaccharide released by pneumococci which contains galactosamine 6 phosphate and phosphoryl choline. C-reactive protein is so called because it will precipitate this polysaccharide through an interaction with the phosphoryl choline. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

C protein
<cell biology> Striated muscle thick filament associated proteins (140-150 kD) that show up in the C zone of the A band as 43nm transverse stripes. Structurally related to various other myosin binding proteins (twitchin, titin, myosin light chain kinase, skelemin, 86 kD protein, projectin, M protein). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

C region
<immunology> The parts of the heavy or light chains of immunoglobulin molecules that are of constant sequence, in contrast to variable or V regions. ... The constancy of sequence is relative because there are several constant region genes and alleles thereof (see allotypes), but within one animal homozygous at the light and heavy chain constan …

C sliding osteotomy
<procedure> An extraoral osteotomy in the shape of a 'C' performed bilaterally in the mandibular rami for the correction of retrognathia and/or apertognathia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

c strand
<molecular biology> An abbreviation for the term complementary strand used of nucleic acids. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

C subfibre
<cell biology> The third partial microtubule associated with the A and B tubules of the outer axonemal doublets in the basal body and in the centriole) to form a triplet structure. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

C type lectin
<cell biology> One of two classes of lectin produced by animal cells, the other being the S type. ... The C type lectins require disulphide linked cysteines and Ca ions in order to bind to a specific carbohydrate (c.f. S type lectins). The carbohydrate recognition domain of C type lectins consists of about 130 amino acids which contains 18 inv …

C type virus
<molecular biology, virology> Originally C type particles identified in mouse tumour tissue and later shown to be oncogenic RNA viruses Oncovirinae) that bud from the plasma membrane of the host cell starting as a characteristic electron dense crescent. ... Include feline leukaemia virus, murine leukaemia and sarcoma viruses. ... (18 Nov 1997)< …

C value
<molecular biology> A measure of the amount of DNA in the haploid genome of an organism, which can be by mass or by molecular weight. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

C value paradox
<molecular biology> Comparison of the amount of DNA present in the haploid genome of different organisms (the C value) reveals two problems: the value can differ widely between two closely related species and there seems to be far more DNA in higher organisms than could possibly be required to code for the modest increase in complexity. ... (2 …

C wave
1. A monophasic positive deflection in the electroretinogram arising in the pigment epithelium of the retina. ... 2. Wave in the venous and atrial pulses occurring during isovolumic ventricular contraction in which the closed atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) are abruptly displaced into the atria with a creation of a pressure transient. …

C-10-deacetylase
<enzyme> An intracellular enzyme that specifically removes the 10-acetate from baccatin III and paclitaxel; produced by nocardioides luteus; mw 40 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: c10-deacetylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

C-13-deacylase
<enzyme> An extracellular enzyme that specifically removes the c-13 side chain from paclitaxel and other taxanes to produce baccatin-iii; produced by nocardioides albus; mw 47 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: c13-deacylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

C-banding stain
<technique> A selective chromosome banding stain used in human cytogenetics, employing Giemsa stain after most of the DNA is denatured or extracted by treatment with alkali, acid, salt, or heat; only heterochromatic regions close to the centromeres and rich in satellite DNA stain, with the exception of the Y chromosome whose long arm usually …

c-Jun amino-terminal kinase
<enzyme> A stress-activated protein kinase; 46-kD kinase that phosphorylates ser(63) and ser(73) of c-jun; similar to yeast hog1 kinase; amino acid sequence given in second source; genbank l23118 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: jn kinase, jnk1 protein kinase, jnk-46, jnk1 protein, jun-nh2-terminal kinase, stress-activated protein …

c-oncogene
<molecular biology> A normal gene which has a tumour-producing insert that may have originated from a virus in it, turning it into a proto-oncogene. ... When these genes are sufficiently mutated, amplified, or over-expressed (transcribed too many times), they can begin to produce cancers. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

c-peptide
<protein> C-peptide is a byproduct of normal insulin production by the beta cells in the pancreas. Normal values are 0.5 to 3.0 ng/ml. Normal levels indicate that the body is still producing its own insulin. Low levels indicate that the pancreas is producing little or no insulin. Elevations can be seen in cases of insulinomas and islet of Lan …

C-reactive protein
<protein> This blood test is used as an indicator of acute inflammation. C-reactive protein is a protein of the pentraxin family, produced by the liver during periods of inflammation and detectable in serum in various disease conditions particularly during the acute phase of immune response. Normally C-reactive protein should be negative in t …

C-section
A surgical procedure that involves the delivery of the foetus through an abdominal incision. C-sections account for about 1/5 of all births in the us. Indications include: failure to progress, foetal distress, cephalopelvic disproportion (baby's too big for birth canal), placenta previa, placental abruption, placental insufficiency, breech baby, ac …

C-terminus
The end of a peptide or protein having a free carboxyl (-COOH) group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...