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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

bacteriorhodopsin
<microbiology> A light driven proton pumping protein (248 residues, 26 kD), similar to rhodopsin, found in purple patches in the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium Halobacterium halobium. ... It is composed of 7 transmembrane helices and contains the light absorbing chromophore, retinal. Light absorption maxima: 568 nm (light adapted), 558 …

bacteriosis
A localised or generalised bacterial infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriospermia
Bacteria in the semen or ejaculate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriostasis
<microbiology> The prevention of bacteria from growing, but without killing them. ... Origin: Gr. Stasis = stoppage ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriostat
Any agent that inhibits or retards bacterial growth. ... Synonym: bacteriostatic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriostatic
1. <microbiology> Inhibiting the growth or multiplication of bacteria. ... 2. <pharmacology> An agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacteriostatic agent
Synonym for bacteriostat ... Any agent that inhibits or retards bacterial growth. ... Synonym: bacteriostatic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriotoxic
Poisonous or toxic to bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriotoxin
1. <microbiology> A toxic substance which is produced by bacteria. ... 2. <pharmacology> A substance which is toxic to bacteria. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriotropic
Turning toward or moving in the direction of bacteria; having an affinity for bacteria. ... Origin: bacterio-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriotropic substance
Opsonin or other substance that alters bacterial cells in such a manner that they are more susceptible to phagocytic action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteriotropin
<microbiology> Something which combines with bacteria, such as an antibody, so that the bacteria becomes more likely to get destroyed by its host's immune system. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriotrypsin
A trypsin-like enzyme produced by bacteria, particularly Vibrio cholerae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterium
<microbiology> A tiny, unicellular, prokaryotic organism that reproduces by cell division and usually has a cell wall, can be shaped like a sphere, rod or spiral and can be found in virtually any enviroment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine with or without consequent urinary tract infection. Since bacteriuria is a clinical entity, the term does not preclude the use of urine/microbiology for technical discussions on the isolation and segregation of bacteria in the urine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteroid
<microbiology> Resembling or structurally a bacterium. ... Origin: Gr. Eidos = form ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

bacteroidaceae
A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Its organisms are sometimes pathogenic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteroidaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family bacteroidaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacteroides
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bacteroides bivius
A species usually isolated from urogenital and abdominal infections and linked to pelvic inflammatory disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides capillosus
A species isolated from human cysts and wounds, the mouth, and faeces, and from the intestinal tracts of some animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides corrodens
Former name for Eikenella corrodens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides disiens
A species isolated from abdominal and urogenital infections, and from the mouth. ... Synonym: Prevotella disiens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteroides fragilis
Gram-negative bacteria occurring in the lower intestinal tracts of man and other animals. It is the most common species of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human soft tissue infections. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bacteroides furcosus
A species found in an infected appendix, in lung and abdominal abscesses, and in faeces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteroides infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus bacteroides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Synonym for prevotella melaninogenica ... A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the bacteroides genus. This bacterium has been isolated from the mouth, urine, feces, and infections of the mouth, soft tissue, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, and intestinal tract. It is pathogenic, but usually in a …

Bacteroides nodosus
A species involved in the causation of foot rot in sheep and goats. ... Synonym: Dichelobacter nodosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides oralis
A species found in the gingival crevice area of man and in infections of the oral cavity and upper respiratory and genital tracts. ... Synonym: Prevotella oralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides oris
A species isloated from the gingival crevice, systemic infections, face, neck, and chest abscesses, wound drainages, and blood and various bodily fluids. ... Synonym: Prevotella oris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides pneumosintes
A species found in the nasopharynx, gingival crevice and periodontal pockets, blood, respiratory tract, brain abscesses, and head and neck infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides praeacutus
A species isolated from the intestinal tracts of infants and adults, gangrenous lesions, lung abscesses, and blood. ... Synonym: Tissierella praeacuta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides putredinis
A species isolated from faeces, cases of acute appendicitis, and abdominal and rectal abscesses; also from foot rot of sheep and from farm soil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides thetaiotamicron
A species implicated in intra-abdominal infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacteroides ureolyticus
A species isolated from infections of the respiratory and intestinal tracts, and from the buccal cavity, intestinal tract, urogenital tract, and blood after a dental extraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteroidosis
Rarely used term for an infection with Bacteroides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baculiform
Rod-shaped. ... Origin: L. Baculum, a rod, + forma, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baculoviridae
<virology> The family name for a group of viruses which infect insects. There is only one genus within the family: Baculovirus. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Baculovirus
<virology> Viruses specialised as pathogens of lepidopteran larvae. Widely used as eukaryotic expression vectors for proteins requiring post translational modifications such as glycosylation, proteolytic cleavage and fatty acylation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

baculum
Synonym: os penis. ... Origin: L. A rod ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bad
Wanting good qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective, either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked; the opposite of good; as a bad man; bad conduct; bad habits; bad soil; bad health; bad crop; bad news. ... Sometimes used substantively. 'The strong antipathy of good …

bad lands
Barren regions, especially in the western United States, where horizontal strata (Tertiary deposits) have been often eroded into fantastic forms, and much intersected by canons, and where lack of wood, water, and forage increases the difficulty of traversing the country, whence the name, first given by the Canadian French, Mauvaises Terres (bad lan …

badger
An itinerant licensed dealer in commodities used for food; a hawker; a huckster; formerly applied especially to one who bought grain in one place and sold it in another. ... Origin: Of uncertain origin; perh. Fr. An old verb badge to lay up provisions to sell again. ... 1. A carnivorous quadruped of the genus Meles or of an allied genus. It is a burr …

badnavirus
A genus of DNA plant viruses with bacilliform morphology. Transmission in clonally-propagated plants is by vegetative propagation of infected plant materials. Transmission in nature is by mealybugs, seeds, pollen, and leafhoppers (rice tungro bacilliform). The type species is commelina yellow mottle virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Baehr-Lohlein lesion
Synonym for Lohlein-Baehr lesion ... Focal embolic glomerulonephritis occurring in bacterial endocarditis. ... Synonym: Baehr-Lohlein lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baehr, George
<person> U.S. Physician, 1887-1978. ... See: Baehr-Lohlein lesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baelz, Erwin
<person> German physician in Tokyo, 1849-1913. ... See: Baelz' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baelz' disease
Synonym for cheilitis glandularis ... An acquired disorder, of unknown aetiology, of the lower lip characterised by swelling, ulceration, crusting, mucous gland hyperplasia, abscesses, and sinus tracts. ... Synonym: Baelz' disease, myxadenitis labialis, Volkmann's cheilitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

BAEP
Synonym for brainstem auditory evoked potentials ... <investigation, physiology> A special neurologic test which measures the brainstem and brains nervous response to auditory stimulation. ... It is used to evaluate neurologic integrity and hearing in newborns. Can be used in the evaluation of stroke, acoustic neuroma, Meniere's disease and mul …

BAER
<abbreviation> Brainstem auditory evoked response. ... See: evoked response. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baer, Karl von
<person> German-Russian embryologist, 1792-1876. ... See: Baer's law, Baer's vesicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baer's law
The general organ characteristics found in all members of a group appear earlier in embryogenesis than the special organ characteristics that distinguish specific members of the group; this law is the predecessor of the recapitulation theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baer's vesicle
An obsolete term for vesicular ovarian follicle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baeyer, Johann von
<person> German chemist and Nobel laureate, 1835-1917. ... See: Baeyer's theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baeyer's theory
That carbon bonds are set at fixed angles (109° 28') and that those carbon rings are most stable that least distort those angles; for this reason, planar rings composed of 5 or 6 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclopentane, benzene) are more common than rings containing less than 5 or more than 6 carbon atoms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baffle
1. To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as a recreant knight. 'He by the heels him hung upon a tree, And baffled so, that all which passed by The picture of his punishment might see.' (Spenser) ... 2. To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to foil. 'The art that baffles time's tyrannic claim.' (Cowper) ... 3. To check by perplexing; to disc …

baffle chamber
In incinerator design, a chamber designed to settle fly ash and coarse particulate matter by changing the direction and reducing the velocity of the combustion gases. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

bafilomycin
<microbiology> Microbial toxin that is a specific inhibitor of the V-type ATPase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bag
1. To swell or hang down like a full bag; as, the skin bags from containing morbid matter. ... 2. To swell with arrogance. ... 3. To become pregnant. ... 1. A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; as, a bag of meal or of money. ... 2. A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies, containing some fluid or other substance; as, the bag of poison in the …

bag cell neurons
<cell biology> Cluster of electrically coupled neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia that are homogeneous, easily dissected out and release peptides that stimulate egg laying. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bag of waters
The amniotic sac and amniotic fluid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bag-gel implant
An implant composed of a silicone rubber bag containing a silicone gel; used in augmentation mammaplasty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bagassosis
<radiology> Form of extrinsic allergic alveolitis, source: moldy sugar cane, organisms: Thermoactinomyces sacchari, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Micropolyspora faeni ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

baggage
1. The clothes, tents, utensils, and provisions of an army. ... 'The term itself is made to apply chiefly to articles of clothing and to small personal effects.' ... 2. The trunks, valises, satchels, etc, which a traveler carries with him on a journey; luggage. 'The baronet's baggage on the roof of the coach.' (Thackeray) 'We saw our baggage followin …

Baggenstoss change
Distention of pancreatic acini by proteinaceous secretion, seen in dehydration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baggenstoss, Archie
<person> U.S. Pathologist, *1908. ... See: Baggenstoss change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baghouse
A chamber containing fabric filter bags that remove particles from furnace stack exhaust gases. Used to eliminate particles greater than 20 microns in diameter. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Bagolini
<person> 20th century Italian ophthalmologist. ... See: Bagolini test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bagolini test
A test for retinal correspondence with the subject observing a figure through two striated lenses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bahamas
A chain of islands, cays, and reefs in the west indies, lying southeast of florida and north of cuba. It is an independent state, called also the commonwealth of the bahamas or the bahama islands. The name likely represents the local name guanahani, itself of uncertain origin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bahnung
Increased ease of transmission of a nerve impulse in a nerve tract as a result of prior stimulation. ... Origin: Ger. Bahnung, the making of a pathway ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bahrain
An independent state, an archipelago in the western persian gulf, northwest of qatar. It comprises low-lying islands of bahrain (the largest), muharraq, sitra, and several islets. It has extensive oil fields. The name comes from the arabic al-bahrayn, 'the two seas', with reference to its lying in the middle of a bay with its 'two seas' east and we …

bail
1. (Usually pl) A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense. ... Alternative forms: bayle. ... 2. The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by it; the outer court. ... 3. A certain limit within a forest. ... 4. A division for the stalls of an open stable. ... 5. The top or cross piece (or either of the two cross pieces) of the …

Baillarger, Jules
<person> French neurologist, 1809-1890. ... See: Baillarger's bands, Baillarger's lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baillarger's bands
Synonym for Baillarger's lines ... Two laminae of white fibres that course parallel to the surface of the cerebral cortex and are visible as outer and inner line's in sections cut perpendicular to the surface; the line of Gennari in the calcarine cortex represents the outer of these lines. ... Synonym: Baillarger's bands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baillarger's lines
Two laminae of white fibres that course parallel to the surface of the cerebral cortex and are visible as outer and inner line's in sections cut perpendicular to the surface; the line of Gennari in the calcarine cortex represents the outer of these lines. ... Synonym: Baillarger's bands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bailliart, Paul
<person> French ophthalmologist, 1877-1969. ... See: Bailliart's ophthalmodynamometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bailliart's ophthalmodynamometer
An instrument used to measure the blood pressure of the central retinal artery; of value in diagnosing occlusion of the proximal carotid artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bainbridge reflex
An increase in heart rate caused by a rise in pressure of the blood in the right atrium due to increased flow and/or pressure in the great veins at its entrance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bainbridge, Francis
<person> English physiologist, 1874-1921. ... See: Bainbridge reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bait
1. Any substance, especially. Food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net. ... 2. Anything which allures; a lure; enticement; temptation. ... 3. A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment. ... 4. A light or hasty luncheon. ... <zoology …

baked tongue
The dry blackish tongue noted when patients with typhoid fever or other disorders are allowed to become dehydrated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baker cyst
<radiology> Bursal fluid collection between: medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and, semimembranosus tendon, associated with knee injury, may contain osteocartilaginous fragments ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Baker, James Porter
<person> U.S. Physician, *1902. ... See: Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baker, john Randal
<person> English zoologist, *1900. ... See: Baker's pyridine extraction, Baker's acid haematein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baker, William
<person> English surgeon, 1839-1896. ... See: Baker's cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baker's acid haematein
An acidic solution of oxidised haematoxylin used on frozen sections for staining phospholipids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baker's cyst
<rheumatology> A synovial cyst or pouch that occurs in the synovial lining of the knee. ... Presents in the popliteal fossa (are behind the knee). Synovial fluid escapes from the knee joint and into the cyst in individuals who suffer from degenerative and other joint disease. ... Typically these cysts are not painful unless swelling is extensiv …

baker's eczema
Allergic eczema due to contact with flour, yeast, or other ingredients handled by bakers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baker's itch
An eruption on the hands and arms of bakers due to an allergic reaction to flour or other substances handled, or to the grain itch mite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Baker's pyridine extraction
Hot pyridine treatment of tissues fixed in dilute Bouin's fixative, used to extract phospholipids from tissues as a control in the histochemical staining of this material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baking soda
Synonym for sodium bicarbonate ... <chemical> Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). ... A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. ... Pharmacologic action: Acid neutralization. ... Uses: Preexist …

balance
1. An apparatus for weighing. ... In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam or lever supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or basins of equal weight suspended from its extremities. Another form is that of the Roman balance, our steelyard, consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its extremities, on the longer arm of …

balance theory
In social psychology, a theory which assumes that steady and unsteady states can be specified for cognitive units, such as an individual and his or her attitudes or acts, and that such units tend to seek steady states (balance); e.g., balance exists when both parts of a unit are evaluated the same, but disequilibrium arises when both parts are not …

balanced anaesthesia
A technique of general anaesthesia based on the concept that administration of a mixture of small amounts of several neuronal depressants summates the advantages, but not the disadvantages of, the individual components of the mixture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

balanced articulation
Synonym for balanced occlusion ... The simultaneous contacting of the upper and lower teeth on the right and left and in the anterior and posterior occlusal areas in centric and eccentric positions within the functional range; used primarily in reference to the mouth, but also arranged and observed on articulators, developed to prevent a tipping or …

balanced bite
Synonym for balanced occlusion ... The simultaneous contacting of the upper and lower teeth on the right and left and in the anterior and posterior occlusal areas in centric and eccentric positions within the functional range; used primarily in reference to the mouth, but also arranged and observed on articulators, developed to prevent a tipping or …

balanced chromosome
<genetics> A chromosome which is unable to pair with its homologue and participate in homologus recombination during meiosis because it contains several inversion mutations (that is, has segments which have become flip-flopped). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

balanced diet
A diet containing the essential nutrients with a reasonable ration of all the major food groups. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

balanced lethal system
<genetics> A population with non-linked, recessive alleles of a gene, where an individual who has two copies of the recessive allele and is therefore homozygous is dead, while an individual who has only one copy of it, and one copy of a different allele (and is heterozygous) survives. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...