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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Baccelli's sign
<clinical sign> An obsolete sign: good conduction of the whisper in nonpurulent pleural effusions. ... Synonym: aphonic pectoriloquy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacchante
1. A priestess of Bacchus. ... 2. A female bacchanal. ... Origin: L. Bacchantes. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

bacciform
Berry-shaped. ... Origin: L. Bacca, berry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacheelor
1. A man of any age who has not been married. 'As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever followed a hound.' (W. Irving) ... 2. An unmarried woman. ... 3. A person who has taken the first or lowest degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a college or university; as, a bachelor of arts. ... 4. A knight who had no standard of his o …

bachelor's button
<botany> A plant with flowers shaped like buttons; especially, several species of Ranunculus, and the cornflower (Centaures cyanus) and globe amaranth (Gomphrena). ... Bachelor's buttons, a name given to several flowers 'from their similitude to the jagged cloathe buttons, anciently worne in this kingdom', according to Johnson's; but by other …

Bachman test
A skin test for trichinosis in which an extract of Trichinella larvae is suspended in saline and injected intradermally. An immediate wheal-and-flare reaction or a delayed response indicates infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bachman-Pettit test
A modification of Kober's test for the detection of estradiol and similar oestrogenic hormones in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bachman, George
<person> U.S. Parasitologist, *1890. ... See: Bachman-Pettit test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bachmann, Jean George
<person> U.S. Physiologist, 1877-1959. ... See: Bachmann's bundle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bachmann's bundle
Division of the anterior internodal tract that continues into the left atrium providing a specialised path for interatrial conduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillaceae
A family of bacteria which produce endospores. They are mostly saprophytes from soil, but a few are insect or animal parasites or pathogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacillaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family bacillaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacillaemia
The presence of rod-shaped bacteria in the circulating blood. ... Origin: bacillus + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillary
Shaped like a rod; consisting of rods or rodlike elements. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillary dysentery
Infection with Shigella dysenteriae, S. Flexneri, or other organisms. ... Synonym: Japanese dysentery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillary haemoglobinuria
An acute toxaemic disease of cattle caused by the bacterium Clostridium haemolyticum and characterised by severe depression, fever, abdominal pain, dyspnea, dysentery, haemoglobinuria, and rapid death; also occurs in sheep and, rarely, in dogs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillary layer
Synonym for layer of rods and cones ... The layer of the retina next to the pigment layer and containing the visual receptors. ... See: retina, granular layers of retina, neuroepithelial layer of retina. ... Synonym: bacillary layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacille Calmette-Guerin
An attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis used in the preparation of BCG vaccine that is used for immunization against tuberculosis and in cancer chemotherapy. Extracts of the bacterium have remarkable powers in stimulation of lymphocytes and leucocytes and are used in adjuvants. ... Synonym: Calmette-Guerin bacillus. ... Acronym: BCG ... Origin: Fr …

bacilli
<microbiology> Rod-shaped bacterial cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacilliform
<microbiology> Shaped like bacteria: rodlike, elongated cylinders with rounded ends. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacillin
An antibiotic substance produced by Bacillus subtilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillomyxin
An antibiotic active against certain pathogenic fungi obtained from cultures of Bacillus subtilis. ... Origin: Bacillus + G. Mykes, fungus, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillosis
A general infection with bacilli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacilluria
The presence of bacilli in the urine. ... Origin: bacillus + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillus
<bacteria> A genus of bacteria of the family Bacillaceae, including large aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, spore forming, rod shaped cells, the great majority of which are gram-positive and motile. ... The genus is separated into 48 species, of which three are pathogenic or potentially pathogenic and the remainder are saprophytic soil forms …

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
A highly amylolytic species of soil bacteria that produces subtilisin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillus amyloliquifaciens
<bacteria> Bacillus amyloliquifaciens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium used to produce alpha-amylase and serine protease. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacillus anthracis
A species of bacteria that causes anthrax in humans and animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bacillus anthracis toxin
Synonym for anthrax toxin ... A culture filtrate of Bacillus anthracis containing an exotoxin with at least three different antigenically distinct components: oedema factor, lethal factor, and protective antigen. ... Synonym: Bacillus anthracis toxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacillus brevis
A species found in soil, air, dust, milk, and cheese; some strains produce the antibiotic gramicidin or tyrocidin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine
Synonym for BCG vaccine ... <drug> Live attenuated vaccine for tuberculosis. For groups and health care workers in high endemic areas. Not to be given to individuals with HIV infection. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

bacillus cereus
A species of rod-shaped bacteria that is a common soil saprophyte. Its spores are widespread and multiplication has been observed chiefly in foods. Contamination may lead to food poisoning. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bacillus haemolyticus
The former name for Clostridium haemolyticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacillus histolyticus
The former name for Clostridium histolyticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillus licheniformis
<bacteria> Bacillus lichemiformis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium which is used in the biotech industry to produce the protease enzyme subtilisin. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

bacillus megaterium
A species of bacteria whose spores vary from round to elongate. It is a common soil saprophyte. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacillus phages
Viruses whose host is bacillus. Frequently encountered bacillus phages include bacteriophage phi 29 and bacteriophage phi 105. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Bacillus piliformis
A species causing Tyzzer's disease in animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Bacillus polymyxa
A species found in soil, water, milk, faeces, and decaying vegetables; some strains produce the antibiotic polymyxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillus popilliae
<bacteria> Bacillus popilliae is a Gram-positive bacterium which attacks only the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and is therefore used to kill the beetles. ... When the larvae are infected, they turn white because of all the bacterial spores (endospores) that develop in the insects' haemolymph (blood equivalent). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease
<enzyme> The extracellular ribonuclease of b. Pumilus kmm62; shares 98% structural identity with binase, 72% with barnase; genbank u06867 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4.- ... Synonym: bacillus pumilus rnase, rnase bp ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Bacillus sphaericus
A species that is an insect pathogen and that has been associated with human and other mammalian infections, especially in compromised hosts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacillus stearothermophilus
A species of gram-positive bacteria found in soil, hot springs, arctic waters, ocean sediments, and spoiled food products. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacillus subtilis
<bacteria> Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, nonpathogenic bacterium which lives in soil. ... Its genome has been widely studied and is frequently used in genetic engineering and microbiology experiments. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Bacillus thuringiensis
<bacteria> Soil living bacterium that produces an endotoxin that is deadly to insects. Many strains exist, each with great specificity as to target Orders of insects. ... In general, the mode of action involves solubilisation at the high pH within the target insect's gut, followed by proteolytic cleavage, the activated peptides form pores in t …

bacilysin synthetase
<enzyme> Catalyses the synthesis of bacilysin from alanine and anticapsin ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

bacitracin
<protein> Branched cyclic peptides produced by strains of Bacillus licheniformis. Interfere with murein (peptidoglycan) synthesis in gram-positive bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacitracin synthetase
<enzyme> Amino acids are activated through formation of aminoacyladenylates and then transferred to thioester sites before polymerization on the enzyme ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

back
1. Being at the back or in the rear; distant; remote; as, the back door; back settlements. ... 2. Being in arrear; overdue; as, back rent. ... 3. Moving or operating backward; as, back action. Back charges, charges brought forward after an account has been made up. Back filling, the retrograde movement of a man or body of men, without changing front. …

back aperture
<microscopy> The exit pupil of a microscope objective lens. The objective lens back aperture, which can be examined with a phase telescope or by inserting a Bertrand lens, displays the conoscopic interference figure and diffraction patterns. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

back cross
<genetics> A crossing of a heterozygous organism and one of its homozygous parents. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

back focal length
<microscopy> As measured on the principal axis, from the second lens vertex to the back focal point of the lens. It is not the equivalent of the focal length. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

back focal plane
<microscopy> The plane, normal to the lens axis, situated at the back focus of a lens. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

back injuries
General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

back lens
<physics> In any compound lens (a lens system composed of more than one lens element), the last lens through which the light passes is called the back lens. It may be a single simple lens, a doublet, or triplet. ... See: front lens ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

back mutation
<molecular biology> A mutation that causes a mutant gene to revert to its original wild-type base sequence. ... Compare: forward mutation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

back of foot reflex
Synonym for Mendel's instep reflex ... The foot being firmly supported on its inner side, a sharp tap on the dorsal tendons causes extension of the second to the fifth toes. ... Synonym: back of foot reflex, dorsum of foot reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

back pain, low
Symptoms in the low back can relate to the bony lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, muscles of the low back, internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen, and the skin covering the lumbar area. The low back, or lumbar area, functions in structural support, movement, and protection of …

back pressure
Pressure exerted upstream in the circulation as a result of obstruction to forward flow, as when congestion in the pulmonary circulation results from stenosis of the mitral valve or failure of the left ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

back teeth
All teeth posterior to the canines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

back-action plugger
An instrument for condensing gold foil or amalgam in areas that cannot be reached directly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

back-knee
Synonym for genu recurvatum ... Hyperextension of the knee, the lower extremity having a forward curvature. ... Synonym: back-knee. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

back-pressure renal atrophy
<radiology> Caliectasis without obstruction, due to repeated episodes of obstruction, gradual loss of renal pyramids ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

backache
Non-specific term used to describe back pain; generally refers to pain below the cervical level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backboard splint
A board splint with slots for fixation by straps; shorter ones are used for neck injuries, longer ones for back injuries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backbone
<anatomy> The spinal column, found in vertebrate animals, which runs along the dorsal side and contains the central nerve cord (spinal cord). ... The main structural feature of a polymer (chain-like) molecule from which many side chains branch off. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

backfill
<ecology> Soil, overburden, mine waste or imported material used to replace material removed during mining. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

backflow
The reversal of the normal flow of a current. ... See: regurgitation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backflushing
<procedure> A process used to clean filters or membranes of particles by reversing the flow of fluid through the system. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

background level
The average amount of a substance present in the environment. Originally referring to naturally occurring phenomena. Used in toxic substance monitoring. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

background radiation
<radiobiology> Level of environmental radation due to background sources. Background sources can be natural, such as cosmic rays and natural radioactive elements (principally radon, but including other elements such as isotopes of potassium (which people get substantial amounts of in foods like bananas)). ... They can also be man-made, such as …

background retinopathy
<ophthalmology, pathology> Early stage of diabetic retinopathy, it usually does not impair vision. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

backing
In dentistry, a metal support which serves to attach a facing to a prosthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backlash
<mechanics> The distance through which one part of connected machinery, as a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, resulting from looseness in fitting or from wear; also, the jarring or reflex motion caused in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a reverse of motion. ... Origin: Back, adv …

backprojection
In computed tomography or other imaging techniques requiring reconstruction from multiple projections, an algorithm for calculating the contribution of each voxel of the structure to the measured ray data, in order to generate an image; the oldest and simplest method of image reconstruction. ... Synonym: apical lordotic projection. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

backscatter
Induced radiation deflected more than 90° from the primary beam. ... See: scattered radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backscattered electron
<microscopy> Produced by an incident electron colliding with the nucleus of an atom in the specimen. The incident electron is then scattered backward about 180 degrees with no appreciable loss of energy, an elastic collision. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

backscattered electron imaging
<microscopy> The production of backscattered electrons from a sample varies directly with the specimen's average atomic number, higher atomic number elements produce more backscattered electrons than lower atomic number ones. Detection of Backscattered Electrons is achieved by using a donut shaped solid state semiconductor device mounted on t …

backscattering
<radiobiology> Deflection of incident particle / radiation through an angle greater than 90 degrees relative to the original direction of motion/propagation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

backup electricity, backup services
Power or services needed occasionally; for example, when on-site generation equipment fails. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

backup rate
A utility charge for providing occasional electricity service to replace on-site generation. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

backward curvature
Curvature in which a more distal or cephalad part is deviated posteriorly with respect to the coronal anatomic plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backward heart failure
A concept (formerly considered mutually exclusive of forward heart failure) that maintains that the phenomena of congestive heart failure result from passive engorgement of the veins caused by a 'backward' rise in pressure proximal to the failing cardiac chambers. ... Compare: forward heart failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

backwash ileitis
Involvement of the terminal ileum by the inflammatory and ulcerative changes seen in chronic ulcerative colitis; distinguished from involvement of ileum and proximal colon by regional (granulomatous) enteritis (e.g., Crohn's disease of terminal ileum and proximal colon). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

baclofen
<chemical> A gaba derivative that is a specific agonist at gaba-b receptors (receptors, gaba-b). It is used in the treatment of spasticity, especially that due to spinal cord damage. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission. ... Pharmacological action: gaba …

bacon
The back and sides of a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the flesh of a pig salted or fresh. ... <zoology> Bacon beetle, a beetle (Dermestes lardarius) which, especially in the larval state, feeds upon bacon, woolens, furs, etc. See Dermestes. To save one's bacon, to save one's self or property from harm or less. ... Origin: OF. Bacon, fr. OHG. …

Bacon's anoscope
An instrument resembling a rectal speculum, with a long slit on one side and an electric light opposite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bactenecin
<protein> Highly cationic polypeptides found in lysosomal granules of bovine neutrophil granulocytes. They are thought to be involved in bacterial killing and occur in a third class of granules, the large granules, not found in the neutrophils of most species. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

bacteraemia
<microbiology> The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Bakterion, haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

bacteremia
Synonym for bacteraemia ... <microbiology> The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Bakterion, haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

bacteri-
See: bacterio-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacteria
<microbiology> One of the two major classes of prokaryotic organism (the other being the Cyanobacteria). Bacteria are small (linear dimensions of around 1 m), noncompartmentalised, with circular DNA and ribosomes of 70S. ... Protein synthesis differs from that of eukaryotes and many antibacterial antibiotics interfere with protein synthesis, b …

bacteriaemia
Synonym for bacteraemia ... <microbiology> The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Bakterion, haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

bacterial
<microbiology> Bacteria are group of micro-organisms that are a single cell approximately 1 micron in transverse diameter. Some bacteria cause disease in man, requiring treatment with an antibiotic. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

bacterial adhesion
Physicochemical property of fimbriated (fimbriae, bacterial) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

bacterial allergy
The concept that the atopic kind of type I allergic reactions may be caused by bacterial allergens, the delayed type of skin test, so-called because of its early association with bacterial antigens (e.g., the tuberculin test). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial antagonism
The inhibition of one bacterium by products of another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial capsule
A layer of slime of variable composition which covers the surface of some bacteria; capsulated cells of pathogenic bacteria are usually more virulent than cells without capsules because the former are more resistant to phagocytic action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

bacterial capsules
An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Some capsules have a well-defined border, whereas others form a slime layer that trails off into the medium. most capsules consist of relatively simple polysaccharides but there are some bacteria whose capsules are made of polypeptid …

bacterial cast
A cast in the urine composed of bacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...