Penality Pe·nal"i·ty noun [ Confer Late Latin poenalitas . See Penalty .] The quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment. Sir T. Browne.

Penalize Pe"nal·ize transitive verb 1. To make penal. 2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty , 3. [ Eng.]

Penally Pe"nal·ly adverb In a penal manner.

Penalty Pe"nal·ty noun ; plural Penalties . [ French pénalité . See Penal .] 1. Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.

Death is the penalty imposed.

Milton. 2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.

The penalty and forfeit of my bond.

Shak. 3. A handicap. [ Sporting Cant] » The term penalty is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment. Bill of pains and penalties . See under Bill . -- On , or Under , penalty of , on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of transgression.

Penance Pen"ance noun [ Old French penance , peneance , Latin paenitentia repentance. See Penitence .] 1. Repentance. [ Obsolete] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7). 2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. [ Obsolete] "Joy or penance he feeleth none." Chaucer. 3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church. Schaff- Herzog Encyc.

And bitter penance , with an iron whip.

Spenser.

Quoth he, "The man hath penance done,
And penance more will do."

Coleridge.

Penance Pen"ance transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Penanced .] To impose penance; to punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats.

Penanceless Pen"ance·less adjective Free from penance. [ R.]

Penang lawyer Pe·nang" law"yer [ Prob. from Malay pīnang līar .] A kind of walking stick made from the stem of an East Asiatic palm ( Licuala acutifida ).

Penang nut Pe·nang" nut` [ From the native name.] (Botany) The betel nut. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Penannular Pen·an"nu·lar adjective [ Latin pene , paene , almost + English annular .] Nearly annular; having nearly the form of a ring. " Penannular relics." D. Wilson.

Penary Pe"na·ry adjective Penal. [ Obsolete] Gauden.

Penates Pe·na"tes noun plural [ Latin ] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods of the ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. See Lar .

Penaunt Pen"aunt noun [ Old French penant , peneant . See Penitent .] A penitent. [ Obsolete] Chaucer.

Pence Pence noun , plural of Penny . See Penny .

Pencel Pen"cel noun [ See Pennoncel .] A small, narrow flag or streamer borne at the top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel . [ Obsolete] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

Penchant Pen`chant" noun [ French, from pencher to bend, from (assumed) Late Latin pendicare , Latin pendere . See Pendant .] Inclination; decided taste; bias; as, a penchant for art.

Penchant Pen`chant" noun (Card Playing) A game like bézique, or, in the game, any queen and jack of different suits held together.

Penchute Pen"chute` noun See Penstock .

Pencil Pen"cil noun [ Old French pincel , French pinceau , Latin penicillum , penicillus , equiv. to peniculus , dim. of penis a tail. Confer Penicil .] 1. A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.

With subtile pencil depainted was this storie.

Chaucer. 2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used for drawing or writing. See Graphite . 3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer, etc. 4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point. 5. (Geom.) A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called the pencil point . 6. (Medicine) A small medicated bougie. Pencil case , a holder for pencil lead. - - Pencil flower (Botany) , an American perennial leguminous herb ( Stylosanthes elatior ). -- Pencil lead , a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion in a holder.

Pencil Pen"cil transitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Penciled or Pencilled ; present participle & verbal noun Penciling or Pencilling .] To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or to draw. Cowper.

Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers.

Harte.

Penciled Pen"ciled adjective [ Written also pencilled .] 1. Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil. 2. Radiated; having pencils of rays. 3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or radiating lines.

Penciling Pen"cil·ing noun [ Written also pencilling .] 1. The work of the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a picture. 2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall. Knight.

Pencillate, Pencillated Pen"cil·late, Pen"cil·la`ted adjective Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.

Pencraft Pen"craft noun 1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography. 2. The art of composing or writing; authorship.

I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft .

Sterne.

Pend Pend noun Oil cake; penock. [ India]

Pend Pend intransitive verb [ imperfect & past participle Pended ; present participle & verbal noun Pending .] [ Latin pendere .] 1. To hang; to depend. [ R.]

Pending upon certain powerful motions.

I. Taylor. 2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.

Pend Pend transitive verb [ Confer pen to shut in, or Anglo-Saxon pyndan , English pound an inclosure.] To pen; to confine. [ R.]

ended within the limits . . . of Greece.

Udall.

Pendant Pend"ant noun [ French, orig. present participle of pendre to hang, Latin pendere . Confer Pendent , Pansy , Pensive , Poise , Ponder .] 1. Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.

Some hang upon the pendants of her ear.

Pope.

Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant , the Tales and Popular Fictions.

Keightley. 2. (Architecture) A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are mere decorative features. "[ A bridge] with . . . pendants graven fair." Spenser. 3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to the other vase. 4. A pendulum. [ Obsolete] Sir K. Digby. 5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [ U.S.] Knight. Pendant post (Architecture) , a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the roof.

Pendence Pend"ence noun [ See Pendent .] Slope; inclination. [ Obsolete] Sir H. Wotton.

Pendency Pend"en·cy noun 1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended. 2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.

Pendent Pend"ent adjective [ Latin pendens , -entis , present participle of pendere to hang, to be suspended. Confer Pendant .] 1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak.

Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle.

Longfellow. 2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock." Shak.

Pendentive Pen·den"tive noun [ French pendentif , from Latin pendere to hang.] (Architecture) (a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola. (b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.

Pendently Pend"ent·ly adverb In a pendent manner.

Pendice Pen"dice noun [ Confer Pentice .] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse. [ Obsolete] Fairfax.

Pendicle Pen"di·cle noun [ Confer Appendicle .] An appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott.

Pendicler Pen·di·cler noun An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft. [ Scot.] Jamieson.

Pending Pend"ing adjective [ Latin pendere to hang, to be suspended. Confer Pendent .] Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.

Pending Pend"ing preposition During; as, pending the trail.

Pendragon Pen"drag·on noun A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.

The dread Pendragon , Britain's king of kings.

Tennyson.

Pendular Pen"du·lar adjective Pendulous.

Pendulate Pen"du·late intransitive verb To swing as a pendulum. [ R.]

Pendule Pen"dule noun [ French] A pendulum. [ R.] Evelyn.

Penduline Pen"du`line noun [ French See Pendulum .] (Zoology) A European titmouse ( Parus, or Ægithalus, pendulinus ). It is noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined with feathers.

Pendulosity Pen`du·los"i·ty noun [ See Pendulous .] The state or quality of being pendulous. Sir T. Browne.

Pendulous Pen"du·lous adjective [ Latin pendulus , from pendere to hang. Confer Pendant , and confer Pendulum .] 1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. "The pendulous round earth." Milton. 2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [ R.] "A pendulous state of mind." Atterbury. 3. (Botany) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.

Pendulously Pen"du·lous·ly adverb In a pendulous manner.

Pendulousness Pen"du·lous·ness noun The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.

Pendulum Pen"du·lum noun ; plural Pendulums . [ New Latin , from Latin pendulus hanging, swinging. See Pendulous .] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery. » The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small. Ballistic pendulum . See under Ballistic . -- Compensation pendulum , a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum , in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the gridiron pendulum , in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound pendulum , an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum . -- Conical or Revolving , pendulum , a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob , the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Pendulum level , a plumb level. See under Level . -- Pendulum wheel , the balance of a watch. -- Simple or Theoretical , pendulum , an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.

Penelope Pe·nel"o·pe (pe*nĕl"o*pē) noun [ From. Latin Penelope , the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the Odyssey, Greek Phnelo`ph .] (Zoology) A genus of curassows, including the guans.

Peneplain Pe"ne·plain` noun [ Latin paene , pene , almost + English plain .] (Physics Geology) A land surface reduced by erosion to the general condition of a plain, but not wholly devoid of hills; a base-level plain.