Copy of `Vet Med - Veterinary glossary`

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Vet Med - Veterinary glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Veterinary terms Date & country: 20/01/2014, USA Words: 1662

hypocalcemia
Low blood calcium. Hypocalcemia causes tetany (rigidity of muscles) in dogs and cats but flaccid muscle weakness in cattle.

hyperventilation
Fast breathing. Also called hyperpnea.

hyphema
Blood in the anterior chamber.

hypo
This prefix is used in conjunction with many terms and means a decrease, for example, hypothermia means a decrease in temperature.

hypoalbuminemia
Low concentration of blood albumin.

hypocalcemia
Abnormally low calcium levels in the blood.

hypocalcemia
Low blood calcium.

hypertrophy
Enlargement

hypertrophic
A thickening or an enlargement of an organ.

hypertonic saline
Hypertonic saline has a concentration of sodium and chloride greater 0.9% and is used in states of hypovolemic shock. A very small volume of hypertonic saline administered IV to a hypovolemic patient will result in the mobilization of fluid from the cells into the extracellular fluid compartments, causing an expansion of blood volume and maintenance of blood flow to vital organs. Hypertonic saline solutions must subsequently be followed by the administration of isotonic solutions to reestablish fluid balance in intracellular and extracellular fluid locations.

hypertonic
A fluid that contains a ratio of electrolytes to water that is greater than extracelluar fluid. A fluid that contains a concentration of electrolytes greater than extracellular fluid.

hypertonic
Hypertonic solutions have higher osmolalities than extracellular fluid/plasma.

hypertonic dehydration
Dehydration that develops after a hypotonic fluid is lost from the body. The fluid lost from the body contains a ratio of electrolytes to water that is less than extracelluar fluid. The osmolality of ECF is hypertonic after the electrolyte-poor fluid is lost. This is a rare form of dehydration in dogs and cats.

hyperthyroidism
Increased production of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism occurs commonly in geriatric cats but is rare in dogs.

hyperthyroidism
Increased amount of thyroid hormone.

hypertensive retinopathy
Retinal damage caused by edema or hemorrhages beneath the retina causing it to detach. Systemic hypertension is the cause of the detachment.

hypertensive
Elevation in blood pressure.

hyperosmotic agents
Drugs such as mannitol and glycerine which draw water to themselves. Used to control edema and swelling.

hyperphosphatemia
Elevated phosphorus.

hyperplasia
Proliferation of cellular elements usually accompanied by increased size of the organ

hypersensitivity type IV
An exagerated reaction of the cellular components of the immune system.

hypertension
Elevated blood pressure.

hypermagnesemia
Elevated blood magnesium.

hypernatremia
Elevated blood sodium.

hypernatremia
Elevated blood sodium. Hypernatremia is uncommon in dogs and cats and most often is iatrogenic from the repetitive administration of high sodium containing solutions. Animals who have severe hypernatremia in excess of 170 meq/L show nervous system signs of depression progressing to coma.

hyperosmolarity
An increase in the osmotic concentration of the blood. Hyperosmolarity of the blood can draw water from RBC's causing lysis or from neurons causing neurologic signs such as coma.

hyperkeratosis
Increased thickness of the horny layer of the epidermis.

hyperkalemia
Elevated blood potassium.

hyperkalemia
Elevated potassium.

hyperkalemia
Elevated serum potassium.

hyperglycemia
Elevated blood glucose.

hyperglycemia
Elevated blood sugar.

hyperglycemia
Elevation of blood glucose. There are numerous causes of hyperglycemia including diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, excitement and the administration of glucose or glucocorticoids.

hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to stimulation. Is most commonly seen with peripheral nerve diseases, such as, tumors and polyradiculoneuritis.

hyperchloremia
Elevated blood chloride.

hyperalgesia
Unexpected increased pain intensity from a stimulus. Excessive sensitivity to pain.

hypercalcemia
Elevated blood calcium. The most common cause is the production of a biochemical substance by tumors, resulting in the retention of calcium. This is called pseudohyperparathyroidism, most commonly occurring in patients with lymphoma or tumors of the apocrine anal sac. Pseudohyperparathyroidism has been reported associated with other tumor types. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs uncommonly.

hypercalcemia
Elevation of blood calcium.

hyper
This prefix is used in conjunction with many terms and means an increase, for example, hyperthermia means an increase in temperature.

hydroxyzine HCl
Atarax

hymen
A thin membrane partially occluding the opening to the vagina in a virgin.

hybridomas
Myeloma cells cultured in the lab survive indefinitely. Myeloma cells can be fused with a normal B cell. The resulting hybridoma produces large quantities of monoclonal antibody.

hydrocephalous
The accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain. The head may appear to be large and dome shaped. Many small breeds of dogs have a degree of hydrocephalous that is normal for the breed. Severe hydrocephalous damages brain tissue.

hydrocephalus
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain. The fluid causes an increase in the pressure inside the brain and death of some brain cells.

hydrolyzed
Breaking a compound into smaller and simpler compounds by a chemical reaction with water.

Hotz-Celsus
A surgical technique used to repair entropion.

human albumin
A colloidal solution prepared from pooled human plasma and heated to kill many types of blood borne diseases.

humoral
Immunity mediated via antibody

humoral immunity
Antibody produced by the B-cells to fight a specific antigen.

humoral immunity
Immunity provided by antibodies produced by B cell lymphocytes.

Horner's Syndrome
Loss of sympathetic innervation resulting in miosis, ptosis and enopthalmos.

hot nursery
A nursery where piglets are raised until they are 4 weeks old and the ambient temperature is very warm.

hot spot
Acute moist dermatitis or pyotraumatic dermatitis. A surface pyoderma.

Hotz- Celsus technique
A surgical procedure for correction of lower lid entropion.

hormone
A substance produced by an endocrine organ that moves around the body in the blood stream.

hormone
A chemical formed in one part of the body that is carried in the blood to other parts of the body where it has its effect.

horizontal transmission
Disease transmission from one animal to another.

horizontal Transmission
Ways infections are spread between animals i.e. direct, indirect, or airborne horizontal transmission.

hippomanes
Normal formations in the cavity of the placenta where the fetus was located.

hogget
Sheep 12 to 24 months of age.

homologous
Related or similar in characteristics.

hermaphrodism
A condition where reproductive structures of both the male and the female are in one body.

hernia
The abnormal protrusion of part of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it. Also called a rupture.

hetastarch
A colloid solution of hydrolyzed amylopectin containing a range of particle sizes, from 10,000 daltons to over 3 million daltons.

heterologous
Derived from an animal of a different species.

high/low string
High/low producing cows are split into feeding groups to optimize ration inputs for milk output.

hemostat
A surgical instrument used to pinch small blood vessels to stop bleeding (hemostasis is to stop bleeding). Hemastats may be used in non-surgical procedures, for example to pluck hair from the ear canals.

hepatic
A synonym for liver.

hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver.

herd summary
Summary statistics for herd production, reproduction, health, and demographic factors.

hemospermia
Blood in the ejaculate

hemospermia
Blood in the ejaculate.

hemocytometer
A piece of equipment that is used to count white blood cells and can also be used to count sperm.

hemoglobin
The substance contained in red blood cells that carries oxygen to parts of the body.

hemolysis
Breaking or destruction of red blood cells.

hemolysis
The breakdown of red blood cells.

hemorrhagic follicle
Also called a corpus hemorrhagicum. A follicle that has been present on the ovary and has not been given the chance to ovulate so it will continue growing and becomes large and cyst-like and bleeds inside.

hematuria
Blood in urine.

hematuria
Bloody urine.

hematuria
Red blood cells in the urine.

hematology
The study of blood.

hematoma
The accumulation of blood under the skin.

hazard
The likelihood or the probability that a substance, i.e., the poison, will induce a disease state under conditions of use.

head mange
Common name for notoedric mange.

heat
Estrus. Period of fertility when the cow is receptive to the male. It only lasts 24 hours in the bovine.

heifer
Young bovine female starting her first lactation having calved for the first time. Age at first calving should be 2 years.

hemangiosarcoma
A cancer of blood vessels. This cancer usually occurs in the spleen, skin or sometimes the heart.

hay additives
Organic acids or acid-forming compounds designed to allow hay to be harvested at higher than normal moisture contents by preventing the microbial activity responsible for spoilage.

hapten
A substance that becomes antigenic when it complexes with proteins.

hard-pad disease
Crusty, dry footpads that may occur as a consequence of canine distemper infection.

hay
A forage that has been dried.

hand breeding
Also called hand mating. The females are completely supervised during the mating process and the male is led to the female and controlled during the breeding process.

griseofulvin
Oral treatment for dermatophytes.

grade cow
A cow that is not registered.

granuloma
A focal inflammatory reaction.

greasy wool
The wool as it comes off the sheep. It contains yolk (wool grease lanolin) suint (sweat) and dirt and vegetable fiber.

gonioscopy
A technique used to evaluate the iridocorneal angle to help judge the risk for glaucoma in an eye.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone
A hormone released from the hypothalamus which stimulates the release of other hormones including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

gonadotropin releasing hormone
This hormone is secreted from the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of follicle stimulating and luteinising hormones (FSH/LH) from the pituitary gland. LH is believed to be involved in testicular descent into the scrotum.