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Vet Med - Veterinary glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Veterinary terms Date & country: 20/01/2014, USA Words: 1662

cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix.

cervix
Part of the female reproductive tract located between the vagina and uterus.

cervix
The neck of the uterus.

cestodes
Tape worms.

chaff
Husks or other seed coverings and other plant parts separated from seed during harvest or processing.

Chediak - Higashi syndrome
A macrophage deficiency.

cerumen
Waxy secretion of the apocrine glands of the ear.

ceruminolytic agents
Agents that loosen and dissolve ear wax. Includes dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, squalene, propylene glycol, carbamide peroxide, and others.

cerebrum
The major portion of the brain.

cerebellum
A smaller portion of the brain responsible for balance.

central venous catheter
A long catheter with its tip placed in a large diameter vein such as jugular catheter, or a long, lateral saphenous catheter.

central venous pressure
Central venous pressure measures the ability of the right heart to accommodate the fluid load presented to it. Normal animals have a central venous pressure of less than 5 cm of water. Assuming there are no clots in the IV catheter, central venous pressures repeatedly above 10 cm of water are indicative of impending onset of edema and fluid overload. Measurement of central venous pressure requires a central catheter (jugular catheter) be in place. CVP readings can be influenced by catheter position and patency.

cellular immunity
Immunity due to macrophages and natural killer cells attacking any antigen. It is not specific to one antigen.

cell mediated immunity
Immunity mediated via lymphocytes and macrophages.

caudal
Toward the tail or rear of the animal.

castration
Another term for neutering a male animal by removal of the testes.

catagen
The transition phase of the hair cycle between growth (anagen) and cessation of growth (telogen).

cataract
Abnormal cloudiness of the lens of the eye.

cataract
Any opacity of the lens from a dot to complete lens opacification.

caudal
Refers to the rear or in a direction toward the rear of the animal. For example the abdomen is more caudal than the chest. The opposite term is cranial meaning closer to the head of the animal.

castration
A synonym for neutering the male animal by removal of the testicles.

cardiovascular
The organ system that includes the heart and blood vessels.

carrier
An animal who harbors an infectious agent but is not showing signs of disease.

cast
Condition where full wooled sheep gets on its back and is unable to rise. Cast ewes are old ewes that are culled from the flock.

cardiomyopathy
A disease of the heart muscle. Weak heart muscle cannot pump blood normally.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation
A life saving procedure that includes the external compression of the chest wall to stimulate blood flow and breathing (by mouth to mouth or other methods) to provide oxygen.

cardiac pump theory
In CPR, when the chest is compressed the heart underneath the chest wall is directly compressed as well, squeezing blood out into the major blood vessels so it can return to the heart and then go to the brain. CPR in animals weighing less than 7 kg is probably using the cardiac pump theory.

carbuncle
Multiple cutaneous abscesses that are connected by sinuses.

carcinoma
A type of cancer originating from epithelial cells. Example squamous cell carcinoma originates from cells of the skin and mouth, transitional cell carcinoma originates from the cells of the bladder.

cardiac
A synonym for heart.

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
A drug that interfers with the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. e.g. acetozolamide, dorzolamide (Truceopt). These drugs are used to reduce aqueous production in animals with glaucoma.

carbohydrates
Major energy providing substrates including starches, sugars, cellulose and hemicellulose. All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and are usually divided into two fractions - structural (fibre) and non-structural (sugars and starches).

canthus
corner of the eye (medial and lateral).

caprine
Goat.

caprine arthritis-encephalitis
A disease characterized by the development of chronic arthritis and debility.

canine eosinophilic granuloma
Possibly a hypersensitivity reaction resulting in oral lesions in young, Siberian Husky dogs.

camelids
Camelids are a large family including Old World camelids: camels and the bactrians, which are two-humped camels, and the New World camelids, llamas and alpacs

canine
A synonym for dog.

canine adenovirus 1
The causative agent of infectious canine hepatitis.

calf starter
Grain based mixes fed to young calves.

calipers
A device used to measure the diameter of the testes.

callus
Hypertrophy of the stratum corneum especially over pressure points such as the elbow.

calorie
A measure of energy; usually expressed as kilocalorie (kcal) or megacalorie (Mcal). 1 cal = the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C.

calving interval
The time between one calving and the next. Should not exceed 13 months.

calculi
Stones in the kidney, urinary bladder or occasionally gall bladder.

Calf Hutch
Individual housing unit for young calves, assists in blocking transmission of disease.

calcium channel blocker
These drugs inhibit the movement of calcium ion across cell membranes. Calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of certain heart conditions. In CPR, they may be used after resusitation to protect the heart from the effects of calcium administered during CPR.

Caesarian section
Surgical procedure to delivery fetuses.

Caesarian section
Surgical removal of babies.

Caesarian section
Performing abdominal surgery to remove a fetus from the mother.

calcinosis cutis
Hard crusts or white plaques in the skin of some patients with hyperadrenocorticism.

calcitriol
The active form of 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D). Can be exogenously administered to patients with chronic renal failure to suppress PTH secretion by the parathyroid glands with reversal of some of the clinical manifestations and possibly a resultant slowing of the rate of progression of renal dysfunction.

byproduct
Feeds produced as a result of industrial manufacturing, plant or animal processing. Examples: distillers grains, beet pulp, meat and bone meal, fish meal.

CAB
A new order of CPR in which chest compressions are first applied to cause circulation of blood, the an airway for breathing is established. Used more commonly in humans and originated due to concerns of transmission of infectious diseases. In animals consider this order if the arrest is witnessed and it is known that the patient does not have underlying respiratory disease.

cachexia
Very thin, a synonym for emaciation.

bullous pemphigoid
An immune mediated skin disease in which autoantibodies are directed against antigens in basement membrane zone.

bullous retinal detachment
The retina has detached from all points of contact except for around the periphery and at the optic disk.

buphthalmos
Enlarged eye caused by glaucoma.

buretrol
Buretrols are small plastic cylinders that are filled from a stock bottle, or bag, of fluids. It is much easier to see the residual volume of fluid in a rigid sided container than a flexible container.

bronchoscopy
Using a bronchoscope to look inside the trachea and large bronchi.

buffer
A substance used in livestock rations to help resist changes in the acidity of the digestive tract. Examples: sodium bicarbonate, bentonite.

bulbourethral glands
An accessory sex gland of the male.

bulbus glandis
The rounded base of the penis.

bulk tank
A refrigerated milk storage tank for each dairy herd.

bretylium
A drug which diminishes the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings with chronic oral dosing. It is used in treatment of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.

broken mouth
A term describing a sheep who has lost one or more of its permanent incisors.

bronchi and bronchiole
Small tubular structures that lead from the trachea to the microscopic sac-like structures, alveoli, in the lungs.

bronchoscope
A stiff or flexible tube with a light that is used to look inside the airways.

bradycardia
A slow heart rate.

bradycardia
An abnormally slow heart rate.

breech
Area around the tail and back of hind legs.

breech
Birth presentation with the buttocks first.

breeding records
Computerized or paper records that document the aspects of the reproductive life of an animal.

breeding soundness examination
A series of diagnostic tests performed on a male animal in order to evaluate his capabilities as a stud. The results of the tests are typically recorded in a standardized fashion on a specific form.

brachiocephalic
A short skull. Used to describe breeds such as Pugs, Bulldogs and Pekingnese dogs.

bony orbit
The bony fossa within the skull separating the eyes from the cranial cavity

bolus
The rapid administration of a fluid or drug over a short time period.

boar
an uncastrated male swine

body condition score
A score based on a scale from 1 to 5 that asseses the amount of body fat on an animal. One is emaciated, three is ideal, and five is obese.

body condition score
A score based on a scale of 1 to 5 that ranks the fatness of the animal. One is the thinest and five is the fatest.

blue eye
A post vaccination adverse event that had been reported by veterinarians vaccinating dogs with the modified-live canine adenovirus-1 vaccine (CAV-1).

blister
A thin walled structure containing fluid or air such as vesicles and bullae.

blephrospasm
Spasms of the eyelids.

blepharospasm
Squinting.

blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids.

bladder
The sac-like structure, which holds urine until the urine can be passed.

bitch
Another term for female dog.

biopsy
To take a small sample of an organ for microscopic examination.

biopsy
Obtaining a sample of tissue for microscopic analysis.

bi-parietal diameter
The diameter of the skull as determined using ultrasound. This diameter can be used to determine age of the fetus.

biopsy
Obtaining a piece of tissue for analysis using a specialized needle or a scalpel balde.

bilateral
Involving both sides.

bile
A yellow fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder that helps in the digestion of fats.

bile acids
Substances produces by the liver and secreted in the bile that aid digestion.

bilirubin
A substance produced when old red blood cells are destroyed in the body. Abnormal amounts of bilirubin cause jaundice and are caused by breakdown of large numbers of red blood cells or by disease of the liver or gall bladder.

benign prostate hypertrophy
A condition in which the prostate gland enlarges under the influence of sex hormones. BPH can lead to infection of the prostate gland.

benign prostatic hypertrophy
Prostatic enlargement that occurs under the influence of testosterone. The dog may be asymtomatic or have signs of infertility, urinary tract infection or straining to defecate.

benzoyl peroxide
Topical antibacterial agent svailable as a gel and shampoo.

bicarbonate precursors
Bicarbonate precursors are converted by the liver to bicarbonate and include Acetate, Gluconate, Lactate, and Citrate.

BCU
Biomedical Communications Unit