Copy of `Vet Med - Veterinary glossary`

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Vet Med - Veterinary glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Veterinary terms Date & country: 20/01/2014, USA Words: 1662

cryoprotectant
A substance such as glycerol which is added to semen to protect the sperm membrane from injury by ice crystals formed during the freezing and thawing process.

cryptorchid
A condition seen in intact male animals where a testicle failed to descend into the scrotum.

cryptorchidism
Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotal sac.

crude protein
An estimate of the total protein content of a feed; determined by analyzing the nitrogen content of the feed and multiplying the result by 6.25. Crude protein includes true protein and other nitrogen-containing substances such as ammonia, amino acids, nitrates.

cria
The term describing a llama from the age of birth to weanling (4-6 months).

cranial
Refers to the head or in a direction toward the front of the animal. For example the chest is more cranial than the abdomen. The opposite term is caudal meaning closer to the rear of the animal.

cranial
Toward the head.

creep area
An area where new born piglets crawl to, to keep warm and avoid being accidentally crushed by their mother.

cria
A baby llama.

cria
The newborn or young offspring of llamas and alpacas.

corticosteroid
A general term for drugs that act like the hormone, cortisol. Also called a glucocorticoid.

cortisol
A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that affects the function of most organs in the body. Some primary functions are to increase blood sugar and to reduce inflammation.

cotyledonary type of placenta
A type of placenta where the connection between the placenta and the fetus is based on buttons of tissue. Cattle and sheep have this type of placentation.

COX inhibitor
Drugs that block cyclooxygenase and that are intended to relieve pain and inflammation.

corpus luteum
A structure in the ovary that produces progesterone.

corpus luteum
A structure on the ovary that produces progesterone.

corpus hemorrhagicum
Also called a hemorrhagic follicle. A follicle that has been present on the ovary and has not been given the chance to ovulate so it will continue growing and becomes large and cyst-like and bleeds inside.

corpora nigra
Structures present mainly on the upper pupil margin in horses, upper and lower margins in the lamb. Quite obvious and elaborate on llamas and alpacas. Their function is not really known.

coronavirus
A single stranded RNA virus

coronary band
The tissue right around the top of the hoof, similar to a fingernail cuticle.

corneoscleral transposition
A surgical technique used to patch conjunctiva over a corneal ulcer.

cornification
The angular appearance of epithelial cells during estrus under the influence of estrogen.

cornification
The process of changes in vaginal epithelial cells under the influence of estrogen.

corneal sequestrum
A focal area of collagen degeneration in the cornea with brown to black discoloration.

core vaccine
A vaccine that should be administered routinely.

corneal degeneration
After certain corneal or scleral injuries, lipid or cholesterol can be deposited in the cornea.

corneal reflex
Used to assess corneal sensation.

controlled breeding
Also called a timed breeding technique. Modification of the physiology of the ovaries in such a way that one can predict exactly when that female is going to be ready and breed her only once.

contusion
Bruise.

coprophagia
Eating feces (stool).

copulation
Insertion of the penis into the female reproductive tract.

contrast
A dye given by mouth or in the vein that will make some organs more visible on an x-ray (radiograph).

contagious mastitis
Mastitis that is caused by coagulate negative Staphylococci.

conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the pink tissues (conjunctiva) surrounding the eye.

constipation
Excessively firm stool.

contact dermatitis
Inflammation of the skinfrom contact with an irritant.

contagious
An infection capable of spread amongst animals by direct contact, e.g. Pasteurella spp. in nasal droplets

contagious disease
A disease that is capable of being spread amongst animals by direct contact, e.g. Pasteurella spp. in nasal droplets.

conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

congenital
Present at birth. May be hereditary or acquired during gestation.

conjunctiva
The pink tissues surrounding the eye.

conjunctiva
The thin, moist, mucus membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids (palpebral conjunctiva) and curves around at the fornix to cover the eyeball up to the cornea (bulbar conjunctiva) ventrally it also covers both sides of the nictitans

congenital
A defect that is present at birth. The defect may either be inherited or be caused by something during gestation.

confirmed sire
One that has been used for breeding before and has known good fertility.

congenital
Present at birth.

concentrate
A classification of feedstuffs high in energy and low in fibre; usually further divided into energy and protein concentrates. Often used interchangeably with supplement. Examples: corn, barley, soybeans.

computerized tomography scan
Many x-ray pictures are taken during a CT scan. A computer is used to put the x-ray pictures together to obtain a 3-dimensional view of a structure.

complete blood count
A blood test in which the number of red and white blood cells and platelets are counted.

complete blood count
Also known as a CBC. The number of red blood cells and white blood cells in the blood stream.

complete feed
A thoroughly blended mixture of different feed ingredients formulated to meet specific nutrient requirements.

compounding
To create a medication by combining parts or to change the formulation of a drug, for example from tablet to liquid.

comedo (comedomes)
Keratin and dried sebum plugging a hair follicle.

commensal
A relationship where one party gains but at no cost to the other.

commensalism
Parasitic state in which the parasite lives with the animal without causing disease. Be cautious with this type of parasite.

commodity feed
A feed that has high energy, and often a high protein content.

complement
A protein complex consisting of enzymes that facilitate the reaction of antibody with antigen resulting in destruction of cells or invading bacteria.

colostrum
The milk secreted by female mammals for the first few days after birth. It is particularly rich in nutrients and antibodies essential for newborn survival.

colostrum
The first milk produced by the dam after giving birth. Colostrum is rich in antibodies.

colloids
Colloidal solutions contain large particles, particles in excess of 50,000 molecular weight units. These particles may be proteins or complex sugars.

colon
Part of the large intestine.

colostrum
Milk that is high in protective antibody and necessary for successful passive transfer.

colostrum
The accumulated secretions of the mammary gland over the last few weeks of pregnancy. It is rich in IgG (65-90%) with variable levels of IgA and IgM. Form of passively acquired immunity (short-lived).

colloidal solutions
Colloidal solutions are solutions that contain large particles. These large particles are either proteins or complex sugars, such as dextrans or hetastarches. Colloidal solutions because they are physically large molecules, will stay in the bloodstream and hold water in the bloodstream by their oncotic effect.

colisepticemic E. coli
E. coli that spreads from the gut through the calf

colitis
Inflammation of the large intestine (colon).

collagenases
Enzymes secreted by certain bacteria that break down collagen and inhibit wound healing.

colloid
Microscopic particles suspended in a solution. The particles in a colloidal solution are large in molecular weight and can pull fluid into the intravascular space. Because the particles are large they stay in the vascular space longer than crystalloids and therefore exert their effect for a longer time.

colic
Abdominal pain.

colic
Intense abdominal pain.

colic
Abdominal pain not necessarily associated with the digestive system; any painful abdominal stucture can cause colic.

cold nursery
A nursery where piglets older than four weeks old are kept and the ambient temperature is around 65F.

Clinimix
A pre-made solution used in partial parenteral solution.

clone
The progeny of a single cell.

clostridium
A group of bacteria that produce spores. One type of clostridium causes tetanus.

cold hemagglutination disease
A form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which there is formation of cold acting anti-erythrocyte antibodies (IgM)resulting in agglutination of red cells in areas exposed to cold surface temperatures such as the extremities, ear margins and nose.

cirrhosis
Scar tissue in the liver. Severe cirrhosis causes liver failure.

clear media
Includes the aqueous, lens and vitreous.

clemastine
Tavist an over the counter antihistamine.

clinical study
A clinical study or clinical trial is a test of a new drug or procedure that is being evaluated for effectiveness in animals with naturally occurring disease. In some cases the effectiveness of the new drug or procedure is compared with currently available treatments.

chrysotherapy
Gold salt therapy used in treatment of immune mediated disorders. Solganol

cilia
Eyelashes

ciliary body
The section of uvea between the iris and choroid. It functions to produce aqueous and is the site of attachment for the lens zonules. Contraction of the ciliary body muscle results in lens accommodation for focusing.

chronic interstital nephritis
Chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) is similar to the term end stage renal disease (ESRD) in that it is a non specific histologic finding on renal biopsy and may be the end result of renal disease of any etiology.

chronic renal disease
Irreversible renal disease caused by damage to a large part of both kidneys. Two thirds of both kidneys must be damaged before the animal loses the ability to concentrate and dilute urine and 75% of both kidneys must be destroyed before azotemia is observed.

chronological records
Records that are organized by arranging all the data in the record in the order in which it was collected.

chronic
Exposure to the poison occurs over a period of weeks, months, or years; onset of signs may be sudden and dramatic, or can be insidious like a slow loss in body condition or reduced productivity.

chronic
A disease or condition that has been present for several weeks or longer.

choroid
The posterior uvea lying between the sclera and retina, and joining the ciliary body anteriorly. The choroid provides nutrition to the outer layers of the retina and contains the tapetum.

cholangitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder.

chorioditis
Inflammation of the choroid.

chorioretinitis
Inflammation affecting the choroid and retina causing choroidal, +/- retinal, blood vessels to become leaky and either transudative fluid or exudative fluid and cells to leak into the space between the choroid and retina, elevating the retina.

chiggers
Common name for Trombiculidiasis.

chlorhexidine
Novalsan. Antibacterial, antifungal, and viricidal. Use primarily as soaks or in conjunction with whirlpool therapy.

chlorpheniramine
An antihistamine.

choanal atresia
A failure of a seperation to form between the nasal cavity and the nasopharnyx. A common birth defect in the crias.

chemotherapy
Drugs used in the treatment of cancer.

cherry eye
Prolapse of the third eyelid gland.

chemical defibrillator
In the absence of an electrical defibrillator machine, certain drugs may be used in an attempt to reverse the cardiac arrhythmia of atrial fibrillation.

chemosis
Edema of the conjunctiva.

cheloid
A type of hypertrophied scar.