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Vet Med - Veterinary glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Veterinary terms Date & country: 20/01/2014, USA Words: 1662

nutrient allowances
Recommendations of nutrient amounts necessary for maintenance, growth, gestation, lactation or performance that include a safety margin to account for variability in feeds and animals (e.g., environment, health, storage losses).

nucleus
Center of the lens.

number-averaged molecular weight
The mean of the molecular weight of all the polymers in a solution. The number-averaged molecular weight tells you how quickly a fluid will exert an effect. The smaller the number-averaged molecular weight, the quicker the initial oncotic response.

nuclear sclerosis
Compression of older lens fibers in the nucleus of the lens which results in light-scattering that clinically appears as a gray, homogenous, perfectly round area in the center of the lens which is bilaterally symmeterical; a normal aging change and does not interfere with vision or visualization of the fundus

nuclei (nucleus)
A structure located within a cell. Contains amongst other substances the genetic information of the cell.

nucleus
A structure within a cell that contains among other things, genetic information.

noxious stimulus
A stimulus that is potentially or actually damaging to tissue. A stimulus that is of adequate intensity to trigger a nociceptive reaction in an animal (the feeling of pain).

Norwegian catheter
A catheter used to deposit semen during artificial insemination.

Norwegian catheter
A stainless steel catheter protected by a plastic sheath used for transcervical intrauterine AI.

nosocomial
An infection contracted in the hospital.

notobiotic environment
An environment with no germs whatsoever.

novel protein
A diet that contain proteins to which an animal has not previously been exposed(fed).

non-structural carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates, such as starches and sugars, stored inside the cell which serve as a cellular energy source. Non-structural carbohydrates are rapidly and easily digested by the animal.

non-terrestrial rabies
Rabies in mammals that do not walk on the ground: bats.

normal saline
0.9% sodium chloride. It is isotonic. It contains only sodium and chloride. Sodium chloride is used when blood sodium is decreased; such as in Addison

non-protein nitrogen
Nitrogen not derived from true protein, but can be used by rumen microbes to build microbial protein.

non-ruminant herbivore
Animals with simple stomachs able to digest roughages and other fibrous feeds because of the microbial population in their hindgut. Examples: horse, rabbit.

non-essential amino acids
Acids Amino acids that can be synthesized by the animal.

noncontagious Disease
A disease that cannot be spread between animals by direct contact.

nociception
The detection of noxious stimuli by the nervous system.

nociceptors
Peripheral receptors for pain which sense painful stimuli and transmit signals to the central nervous system where the sensation of pain is perceived.

nodule
A circumscribed, solid, raised lesion that involves the deeper layesr of the skin.

NOAH
Network of Animal Health (on-line veterinary community through the AVMA)

nigropallidal encephalomalacia
A specific brain lesion seen in horses with yellow star thistle poisoning. The clinical sign is an inability to swallow.

Nikolsky sign
The epidermis may be rubbed off with slight trauma. Named after a Russian dermatologist.

NMDA receptor
Glutamate dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptors. This type of receptor develops in the central nervous system in response to sustained pain and appears to be responsible for amplifying pain, and causing opioid tolerance.

neutrophil
The most common type of white blood cell observed in the blood stream.

nictitans
The third eyelid which is a fold of tissue covered by conjunctiva and containing a lacrimal gland on the inner (bulbar) surface.

neurotransmitter
A substance released from a neuron of the central or peripheral nervous which excites or inhibit the target cell. Examples include: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.

neutral detergent fiber
The insoluble fraction containing all plant cell wall components left after boiling a feed sample in a neutral detergent solution. NDF is of low digestibility, but can be broken down somewhat by the digestive tract microorganisms. NDF value is used to predict ruminant feed intake.

neutralizing antibody
A type of antibody that specifically blocks virus receptor sites on the virus preventing attachment to target cells in the body.

neuropathic pain
Pain originating in peripheal nerves and nerve roots.

neuroleptanalgesic
A combination of a tranquilizer and an opiate which provides a synergistic effect for sedation and analgesia.

nephrotoxic
A drug or chemical that causes damage to the cells of the kidneys.

nerve root signature
Lameness due to nerve root involvement

net energy
The amount of feed energy actually available for animal maintenance and production. It represents the energy fraction in a feed left after fecal, urinary, gas and heat losses are deducted from the gross energy value of a feed.

Neuralgia
Pain along the distribution of nerves.

nasal
A synonym for the cavity behind the nose.

nasolacrimal system
The route of drainage of tears from the eye to the nose.

necrosis
Death of tissue.

nematodes
Round worms.

neonate
Refers to a young puppy or kitten shortly after birth.

neoplasia
A synonym for cancer.

neoplasia
Another term for cancer.

mycotoxins
A toxin that is produced by a mold.

mydriasis
Dilated pupil.

myelitis
Inflammation or infection of the spinal cord.

myelosuppression
A suppression of the bone marrow so that it does not produce normal numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

myopathy
Inflammation of muscle.

naloxone
An antagonist of morphine and other opiods.

mupriocin
Bactoderm: Pfizer. Topical antibacterial ointment effective against staphylococci.

murmur
An abnormal heart sound caused by abnormal blood flow.

mutualistic
A relationship where both participants or parties benefit.

mycobacteriosis
Feline leprosy caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

mycoplasma
These are a group of bacteria that have lost their cell walls.

mycotoxin
A substance produced by fungi and toxic to animals, e.g., vomitoxin, zearalenone and aflatoxin.

muco-purulent
A discharge that is a combination of pus and mucus.

mucosa
The pink lining of an organ, such as the lining of the nose, mouth, vagina, penis.

mucosal immunity
A form of local immunity on the body surfaces of the respiratory, intestinal and genital tracts.

Muller's muscle
Smooth muscle in the eyelids which provides tone to the lids. Innervated by sympathetic fibers.

multi-modal
Using more than one method.

multivalent
A vaccine containing multiple antigens.

motility
Progressive movement of sperm. A sign of health sperm.

morphology
The structure or appearance of something.

morphology
The appearance of sperm.

monogastric
An animal having a single or simple stomach system. Example: swine.

monoclonal antibody
The term used to describe a homologous Ig produced by a clone of B cells. This occurs naturally in neoplasia of B cells resulting in myeloma.

monoclonal antibody
A term used to describe a homologous Ig produced by a clone of B cells.

monoclonal
Originating from a single precursor cell.

modified live virus
A vaccine which contains an antigenic agent that has been altered chemically of physically so it stimulates cell-mediated and humoral response without evoking disease. The altered virus can still replicate in the host.

modified-live vaccines
An attenuated product that replicates and stimulates immunity, but they still are infectious in certain situations.

modified live virus
A vaccine which contains a living virus that has been modified to attenuate its virulence.

mismate
A drug given in attempt to prevent pregnancy.

MLK
A multimodal analgesic administration technique combining lidocaine, ketamine and morphine in IV fluids such as LRS.

miosis
Small pupil.

mineral supplement
A rich source of one or more mineral elements.

minimum data base
A minimum data base is the minimum amount of information collected for a medical record and includes: the chief complaint(s), history, patient signalment and physical examination.

milking parlor
Barn where cows are milked. Two prevalent types: Herringbone and Parallel Parlors.

milk replacer
A substitute for feeding whole milk to calves, generally consisting of milk by-products and/or plant products and is mixed with water. The higher quality replacers have more milk products.

milk replacer
A substitute for fresh whole milk, fortified with vitamins, minerals and sometimes antibiotics; used as a nutrient source for young animals.

miliary dermatitis
A cutaneous reaction pattern characterized by the formation of multiple, circumscribed crusted papules.

milk fat test
The percentage of fat in the milk. To be legal, whole milk must contain at least 3.25% fat.

milbemycin oxime
Interceptor

miliary
Small, resembling a seed.

micturition
A synonym for urination.

microphthalmos
A small eye that has failed to develop properly.

micro minerals
Minor mineral elements required in very small amounts in the ration of animals. Includes manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), iodine (I) and fluorine (Fl).

microencapsulation:
A process whereby an insecticide is packaged into small microspheres (polyurea, nylon, etc). This process increases the LD50 and decreases biodegradation (extends duration of action). Currently, microencapsulated products include pyrethrins, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos.

micronutrient
Any ingredient, such as minerals, vitamins or drugs, added in very small amounts to a ration.

metritis
Infection of the uterus. If the infection follows birthing, it is a postpartum metritis

metabolism
All of the chemical changes nutrients undergo following absorption from the digestive tract.

metabolizable energy
A measure of the useful energy in a feed. It represents that portion of the feed gross energy not lost in the feces, urine and belched gas.

methoprene
Precor. An insect growth regulator. Present in rinses, sprays, collars, and household sprays/foggers. Recently added to a topical pour-on product containing fipronil (TopSpot Plus: Meriel).

meibomian glands
Glands thatline the margins of the superior and inferior eyelids and produce part of the tear film.

melangestrol acetate
A hormone added to diets to suppress estrus cycling and improve feed efficiency and growth rate in feedlot heifers.

menace reflex
Used to assess vision and the ability to close the eyelids.

meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges.

metabolic reactions to food
An adverse reaction due to an effect of a substance upon the metabolism of the host, or as a result of defective metabolism of a nutrient by the host.

meibomian glands
Glands located at the eyelid margins that secrete the lipid part of the tear film.

meconium
The first stool or feces passed by the newborn.