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Vet Med - Veterinary glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Veterinary terms Date & country: 20/01/2014, USA Words: 1662

isomer
Different spacial configurations of a drug or chemical compound.

iso-ionic
Iso-ionic refers to a similar concentration of a particular electrolyte in a solution compared to extracellular fluid; therefore solutions which are iso-ionic with regard to sodium will have sodium concentrations comparable to the sodium concentration of extracellular fluid and plasma, which is approximately 145 mEq/l in the dog and cat.

iris prolapse
Prolapse of the iris through a defect (ulcer) in the cornea.

Iris hypoplasia
In blue-eyed animals: may see iris hypoplasia where the iris fails to develop properly and the irises of these young animals are almost transparent.

iris bombe
Posterior synechiae that occur all the way around the pupil and aqueous cannot flow through.

Iridencleisis
Treatment for glaucoma in which a window is made in the sclera and the iris pulled through and sutured under the conjunctiva.

iris
The iris forms a diaphragm in front of the lens with a central sphincter-type opening called the pupil. It functions to regulate the amount of light entering the posterior segment of the eye.

ionofores
One of the most common feed additives that we give cows to increase production, to increase efficiency, and increase rate of gain.

ionophore
A carboxylic polyether antibiotic that affects the transport of ions across cellular membranes and inhibits the growth of some gram positive bacteria. It is used in growing cattle to enhance feed efficiency and stimulate growth. Examples: Bovatec, Rumensin.

intravascular
Given directly into the blood stream.

intravenous
IV. Giving a drug or other substance into a vein for a rapid effect.

intromission
The act of placing the penis in the vagina.

intussusception
A telescoping of a part of the intestinal tract into another part of the intestine.

intraosseous
An administration route for fluids and drugs administered in the marrow cavity of bones.

intraosseous
A route of drug or fluid administration into the bone marrow cavity which is considered to be confluent with the vascular space. Fluids or drugs administered via this route, enter the blood stream very rapidly.

intratracheal route
The administration of drugs into the trachea usually using a catheter placed near the tracheal bifurcation.

intraocular pressure
The pressure within the globe. IOP is increased in glaucoma.

intramedullary
Delivering drugs or fluids into the marrow cavity.

intramedullary
A route of drug or fluid administration into the bone marrow cavity which is considered to be confluent with the vascular space. Fluids or drugs administered via this route, enter the blood stream very rapidly.

intra-mammary antibiotics
Antibiotics instilled directly into the mammary gland.

Intralipid
A solution of lipids available in 10 or 20% solution that can be administered IV.

Intradermal skin testing
Injection of known amounts of allergens intradermally and comparing the reaction to a positive (histamine) and negative control (saline).

intracranial
Inside of the head.

intracellular parasites
Parasites that reside with in the hosts cells.

intestine
The gut. A tubular organ that attaches to the stomach. The intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients and water and eliminating wastes. The first part of the intestine is the duodenum, followed by the small intestine, large intestine, colon and rectum.

intracardiac route
The administration of drugs directly into the heart through the chest wall.

intracellular fluid
Fluid located within cells.

intracellular fluid
Fluid located inside cells. Comprises 2/3 of total body water.

interstitial space
A subset of extracellualr fluid including fluid surrounding cells, in connective tissue, in bone, in cartilage, cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in the gastrointestinal tract and bile.

intertriginous pyoderma
Skin fold pyoderma occurring in lip folds (spaniels), facial folds (brachycephalic breeds), vulvar folds (obese, spayed females) and corkscrew tails (brachycephalic breeds).

inter-trochanteric fossa
A depression located between the greater and third trochanters of the femur. This is the site at which a needle penetrates into the femur for intraosseous administration or for collection of bone marrow.

interstitial fluid
Interstitial fluids are a subset of extracelluar fluids that surrounding cells and includes fluid in: dense connective tissue, bone, cartilage, cerebrospinal fluid, the gastrointestinal tract, and bile.

interstitial cell tumor
A testicular tumor that usually displays benign biologic behavior.

interstitial cell tumor
A type of cancer of the testes.

interstitial cystitis
a condition of the bladder resulting in hematuria and pollakiuria that resembles the condition in humans with the same name

international unit
A standard unit of potency of a biological agent. Example: vitamin, hormone, antibiotic, antitoxin. Also called a USP unit.

intermediate host
A host where maturation of the parasite or asexual reproduction takes place, in other words, reproduction where there is division and amplification of the parasite, but there is no sex involved.

Interceptor
Generic name is Milbemycin oxime.

interdigital pyoderma
Bacterial infections between the toes.

inter-estrus interval
The duration between consecuative estrous cycles, usually about 4 months in the bitch.

interferon
A glycoprotein produced by macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in response to viral infection.

interleukins
They are also referred to as cytokines. These are regulatory proteins that are secreted primarily by lymphocytes to help the interaction between the lymphocyte and a macrophage.

insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that controls blood sugar levels.

insensible fluid loss
Insensible routes of fluid loss are those that are not readily observed and include the loss of fluid through the respiratory tract during respiration and loss of fluid by sweating. Dogs and cats sweat minimally through their foot pads so most insensible losses are through the respiratory tract. The fluid lost during breathing is close to pure water and does not contain many solutes (a hypotonic loss). The basal loss of water through breathing is about: 10-15 ml/lb/day. High environmental temperatures, fever and activity result in increased insensible losses.

inotropic
Affecting the force of muscle contractions. For example a positive inotropic drug increases the force of contration.

initiation
A stage in the development of acute renal failure defined as the time from renal insult to recognition of decreased GFR, decreased urine output and increased BUN and creatinine. This phase lasts 1-2 days.

inflammation
Redness, swelling, heat and pain of a body part.

inflammation
Swelling, redness, heat and pain of a body part.

initial database
The initial information collected on a patient when the patient is first seen. The minimum amout of information that will be collected should be defined in advance and may differ for different types of patients.

initial problem list
A listing of problems identified from history and physical examination. This list becomes more specific as the results of diagnostic tests become available.

infectious agents
The agents that cause disease. They may be bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

infertility
Inability to conceive and bear offspring.

indolent ulcer
Ulcerative lesions found most frequently on the upper lips, but also seen in the skin elsewhere or in the oral cavity.

induced ovulator
An animal such as the queen that requires vaginal stimulation in order to ovulate.

induced ovulator
Ovulation is triggered by breeding.

infection
Multiplication of organisms such as bacteria in the body usually leading to disease.

indirect transmission
A mode of disease transmission where the environment is somehow part of the transmission cycle; i.e. contaminated water in a water trough spreads the disease.

indirect lifecycle
There are multiple hosts and so the parasite is actually required to pass from one host to another host, and sometimes to another host, before it comes back to the original host in this lifecycle.

incisions
A wound made by something sharp like glass fragments or a scalpel blade, that penetrates all layers of the skin.

incisors
The front teeth.

incontinence
The inability to hold urine in the bladder. The animal leaks urine either while awake or asleep.

incidence
The proportion of sampled animals that develop a condition of interest over a defined period of time. It is the measure of the occurrence of disease over time in a defined group of susceptible animals.

inactive problems
Problems which are usually of a minor nature and are not being further diagnosed or treated.

impetigo
Superficial pustular pyoderma seen in dogs less than 9 months of age.

inactive problems
Inactive problems are unresolved problems that are not being addressed diagnostically or therapeutically. Usually they are problems of a minor nature.

immune-mediated
The immune system is supposed to protect against disease by destroying foreign objects such as bacteria. If the immune system attacks normal parts of the body such as red blood cells, the disease is immune-mediated.

immunoprophylaxis
Administration of vaccines to confer protection against infectious agents.

immunosuppression
Any failure of the immune response usually becomes apparent through increased susceptibility to infection and disease.

iIritis
Inflammation of the iris

iatrogenic infections
Infections acquired through human intervention.

icterus
A synonym for jaundice, a yellow discoloration.

idiopathic
Unknown cause.

idiosyncrasy to food
A qualitatively abnormal response to a food or food additive that resembles a hypersensitivity.

iatrogenic infection
Infections that are acquired through human intervention. Also referred to as nosocomial infections.

hypotony
Decreased intraocular pressure.

hypovolemia
Reduced circulating blood volume either due to blood or fluid loss or to redistribution of blood flow as occurs during shock.

hypovolemia
Reduction in circulating blood volume either due to loss of fluids or redistribution of fluids.

IAAAM
International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine

iatrogenic
Disease that was caused while trying to diagnose or treat another condition. For example, if a complication such as excessive bleeding arises during a biopsy procedure, the complication is iatrogenic.

hypothyroid
Low function of the thyroid gland.

hypotonic
A fluid that contains a ratio of electrolytes to water that is less than extracelluar fluid. A fluid that contains a concentration of electrolytes less than extracellular fluid.

hypotonic
Hypotonic solutions have lower osmolalities than extracellular fluid/plasma.

hypotonic dehydration
Dehydration that develops after a hypertonic fluid is lost from the body. The fluid lost from the body contains a ratio of electrolytes to water that is greater than extracelluar fluid. The osmolality of ECF is hypotonic after the electrolyte-rich fluid is lost. The best example of this type of dehydration is hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's Disease).

hypopyon
Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye.

hyposensitization
The administration of increasing doses of antigen to reduce sensitization to the antigen.

hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure.

hypotension
Low blood pressure.

hypothalamus
A part of the brain. some hormones associated with reproduction are produced or stored in the hypothalamus.

hypomagnesemia
Low blood magnesium.

hyponatremia
Low blood sodium. The most common cause is Addison's disease or iatrogenic from the administration of electrolyte free solution, such as 5% dextrose.

hypoplasia
Smaller or softer than normal due to loss of normal tissue.

hypoplasia
Smaller than normal.

hypokalemia
Low serum potassium.

hypodermoclysis
A synonym for subcutaneous.

hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood glucose.

hypoglycemia
Low blood glucose.

hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar.

hypoglycemic
Low blood sugar.

hypokalemia
Low blood potassium. A hallmark sign of hypokalemia is weakness.

hypokalemia
Low potassium.