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Vet Med - Veterinary glossary Category: Agriculture and Industry > Veterinary terms Date & country: 20/01/2014, USA Words: 1662

saturated fat
A completely hydrogenated fat. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature. Example: animal tallow.

SAVMA
Student American Veterinary Medical Association (a national group)

sanitizer
A disinfectant of low toxicity used to reduce microbial contamination of food handling equipment.

sanitizer
Disinfectant of low toxicity used to reduce microbial contamination of food handling equipment

SAP
Serum alkaline phosphatase. Also known as AP. An enzyme found in many tissues but most often elevated in serum in response to cholestasis and bone remodeling and glucocorticoid excess.

saprophytism
Organisms survive and persist in non-living or decaying organic matter. They are not usually parasitic, although may cause disease under certain circumstances

Sabouraud's dextrose agar
The standard media for fungal culture.

sagittal
Longitudinal view

Salmonella DT104
An enteric bacteria that causes bloody diarrhea, has resistence genes in its genome, and is zoonotic.

SALT
Serum alanine aminotransferase (SALT)or alanine aminotransferase (ALT). An enzyme found in hepatocytes (liver cells) released with cellular injury including cellular hypoxia.

rule out
A possible cause for a patient's problem. Also called a differential diagnosis.

rule-outs
Rule-outs are also known as differential diagnoses and are possible causes for the problems displayed by a patient. For example, kidney failure is one rule out (or possible cause) for polyuria in a dog or cat.

ruminant
A cud-chewing animal having four stomach compartments. The rumen (first stomach), is a major site of microbial fermentation of feeds permitting breakdown of fibre. Examples: cattle, sheep, goats.

rolling herd
The most recent 12 month herd mild production average.

roughage
A feed which has a relatively high crude fiber content.

roughage
A term used to describe a feed high in fibre (greater than 18% crude fibre). Roughage tends to be bulky, coarse, and low in energy. Examples: hay, silage, straw.

route of administration
The way a drug is administered to an animal; i.e. orally, intramuscularly, intravenously.

route of infection
The manner by which an infectious agent gains access to the animal.

Revolution
Generic name is Selemectin.

ringer's solution
Ringer

retinal dysplasia
A congenital anomalous development of the retina.

retinoids
Synthetic derivatives of vitamin A.

retractor bulbi muscle
The muscle that pulls the eyeball back into the orbit.

retrobulbar
Located behind the globe.

retropulsion
Pushing on the orbit to evaluate the ability to compress the soft tissue structures behind the orbit.

reticular activating formation
A collection of neurons in the brain that mediates many aspects of consciousness.

resuscitative fluid
A fluid used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in an attempt to restore circulation.

resolved problem
A patient's problem is resolved if it no longer exists either due to the intervention of the veterinarian or Mother Nature's.

respiratory transmission
The most common route of human exposure in countries where infection is controlled in animals and where there is pasteurization of milk.

resting membrane potential
The electrical charge of resting myocardial cells. Normally the RMP is -90 mV. Hyperkalemia elevates the RMP to a less negative state.

resolved
Problems are resolved if they no longer exist either because they were treated or reolved spontaneously with the passing of time.

replacement females
New females that have recently been introduced to a herd.

reproductive cycle
Events that happen in the female such as ovulation, hormone production, receptivity, etc. In camelids the cycle does not follow regular time periods as it does in horses or cattle.

reservoir
Where a disease causing organism lives and multiplies. Therefore the reservoir may not be the source of the organism, that is only where it lives and multiplies.

replacement
A calf kept and/or raised at the dairy as a future replacement for a cow in the herd. Replacement rate should average between 25%-33% of the herd/year.

renal blood flow
The blood presented to the kidneys. The kidneys receive about 20 to 25% of cardiac output each minute. Renal blood flow is determined by blood volume, blood pressure and cardiac output. The kidneys can also autoregulate their blood flow within certain ranges of blood pressure.

Repeat Breeder
A female which has failed to get pregnant after a known mating with a viable male after an apparently normal oestrus.

regurgitation
Backward movement of food from the esophagus out the mouth.

rehydration solution
A solution administered to a dehydrated animal to return it's hydration state to normal. Most dehydrated dogs and cats have isotonic dehydration and are rehydrated with iostonic, iso-ionic solutions such as LRS or RS.

relaxin
A hormone which is detectable when a fertilized egg is implanted, which usually occurs around day 21 following fertilization. Marketed as ReproCHEK by Synbiotics.

redefined
A problem is redefined if a more specific lable can be applied. For example vomiting is redefined or updated to acute pancreatitis as laboratory results become available that support the diagnosis of pancreatitis.

redefined problem
A patient's problem is redefined if it is updated to a higher level...for example, vomiting may be updated to uremia as the results of diagnostic tests become available and show an elevated BUN.

registered cow
Cow that has a pedigree and is registered at the Breed Association. There are 6 major dairy breeds within associations: Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn.

ration
The 24-hour feed allowance for an individual animal.

reaginic antibody
IgE

receptive
The female is accepting of being mounted and bred by a male.

receptivity
When the female starts becoming receptive to the male and is ready to breed.

recombinant vaccine
A vaccine containing antigen prepared using recombinant DNA techniques.

rectus muscles
There are 4 rectus muscles that allow for movement of the globe: dorsal, ventral, lateral, and medial.

radiograph
The image generated by an x-ray. Often the term x-ray is used incorrectly to refer to a radiograph.

radiograph
The picture taken using x-ray.

radioimmunoassay
A method used to measure the concentration of some hormones.

ramp-up
A period of time during which effective blood levels of a drug are building up.

radio-allergosorbent test
Test to measure specific serum IgE levels.

Quick Mix
A pre-made solution used in partial parenteral solution.

raddle
Marking crayon on breast of ram that will mark the rump of ewes that have been bred.

radial Iimmunodiffusion
A test used to evaluate whether the newborn has received antibodies in colostrum.

pyometra
The accumulation of pus inside the uterus.

pyrexia
Elevated temperature, fever.

pyriproxyfen
An insect growth regulator. Available combined with permethrin in a spray for use on adult dogs and a fogger or spray for household treatment (Knockout: Virbac).

pyuria
White blood cells in the urine.

queening
The birthing process (parturition) in a cat.

pyelonephritis
A bacterial infection of the kidneys.

pyoderma
Skin infection with bacteria. Pyodermas involve coagulase positive bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus intermedius.

pyometra
Infection of the uterus.

pyometra
Pyometra is infection of the uterus that occurs during diestrus, 3-6 weeks after ovulation. It is commonly seen in bitches older than 5 years. Pyometra is also referred to as cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) which is the term descriptive of the morphological changes occurring in the uterus. Hormones, primarily progesterone which is secreted from the corpus lutei (CLs) of the ovaries during diestrus stimulate CEH.

purulent
Pus discharge.

pustule
A small pus filled raised lesion.

purulent
Containing pus.

pupillary light response
The ability of the pupil to constrict in response to light.

punctum
Holes in the edges of the eyelids through which tears enter the nasolacrimal ducts.

pseudopregnancy
Giving the appearance of being pregnant when not really pregnant. Signs may include weight gain, enlarged abdomen, mammary gland enlargement, and nesting behavior. Pseudopregnancy is considered a normal occurrence in the bitch.

pseudopregnancy
The development of clinical signs mimicing those of pregnancy in a non pregnant animal.

puberty
When the female starts to have some reproductive activity

pulseless electrical activity
A new term for electrical-mechanical disassociation in which an ECG shows electrical activity of the heart but there is no associated mechanical activity (heartbeat).

pseudomycetomas
Deep dermal or subcutaneous infections by dermatophytes. They present as nodules and draining lesions, that histologically are pyogranulomatous to granulomatous panniculitis. M. canis is the causative organism in the cat.

proud flesh
Excessive granulation tissue, seen especially on wounds on horse's lower legs that are allowed to heal themselves.

pruritis
Itchy

pruritus
Itchiness.

pseudohyperparathyroidism
Pseudohyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia and most commonly occurs in patients with lymphoma or tumors of the apocrine anal sac. Pseudohyperparathyroidism has been reported associated with other tumor types.

protozoans
Eukaryotic (true nucleus) organisms without chlorophyll and cell walls.

protein supplement
A feed or mixture of feeds containing 20% or more protein. Examples: soybean meal, canola meal.

prothrombin time
Measurement of clotting time of plasma in the presence of excess tissue thromboplastin. Factors measured are fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, and X.

protozoa
Single-celled organisms.

protein nitrogen units
Unit of stength for antigens used in intradermal skin testing. 100,000 PNU - 1 mg protein.

prostate
A accessory gland of the male that contributes to semen production.

prosthesis
An artificial eye placed after enucleation for cosmetic purposes.

protected fat
A fat that has been treated or combined with another substance to prevent breakdown in the rumen.

protein
Naturally-occurring compounds containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus. Proteins are made up of complex combinations of amino acids and are essential for animal growth, production and reproduction.

prostate
A sex gland of the dog which contributes liquid to semen.

prostaglandin F2 alpha
A hormone that destroys the corpus luteum which in turn causes progesterone to decrease.

prostaglandin analogs
DRugs used in the treatment of glaucoma. They cause extreme miosis and may have an influence on the unconventional outflow of aqueous. Lantoprost (trade name Xalatan) is available as a 0.005% topical solution.

prolapse
The abnormal position of an organ in which the organ pouches through an opening from which it does not normally protrude.

proprioception
Maintenance of posture and movement through stimuli originating in the receptors in the joints, tendons, muscles, and labyrinth.

proptosis
Bulging of the eye out of the socket.

prostaglandin
A drug that among other actions, causes contraction of the uterus and is used in treatment of pyometra.

prolapse
An organ or part of an organ that abnormally sticks out through an opening.

progesterone
A hormone made by luteinized follicles of the ovaries.

progesterone
The hormone produced by the corpus luteum which maintains pregnancy

progress notes
A written description in a patient record that summarizes data; plans; treatment; rationelle for diagnostics and treatments; and the patient response to treatment.