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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

skull base
The internal and external base of the cranium: respectively the inner and outer surfaces of the inferior region of the skull. The internal base constitutes the floor of the cranial cavity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

skull base neoplasms
Neoplasms of the base of the skull specifically, differentiated from neoplasms of unspecified sites or bones of the skull (skull neoplasms). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

skull fracture
<orthopaedics> A injury to the cranium with sufficient force to fracture one of the bones with comprise the skull. The temporal bone is the most often fractured. ... See: head injury. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

skull neoplasms
Neoplasms of the bony part of the skull. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

skullcap
1. A cap which fits the head closely; also, formerly, a headpiece of iron sewed inside of a cap for protection. ... 2. <botany> Any plant of the labiate genus Scutellaria, the calyx of whose flower appears, when inverted, like a helmet with the visor raised. ... 3. <zoology> The Lophiomys. ... <botany> Mad-dog skullcap, an American h …

skunk
<zoology> Any one of several species of American musteline carnivores of the genus Mephitis and allied genera. They have two glands near the anus, secreting an extremely fetid liquid, which the animal ejects at pleasure as a means of defense. ... The common species of the Eastern United States (Mephitis mephitica) is black with more or less wh …

skunks
Omnivorous new world mammals of the family mustelidae, showing typical warning colouration of patterned black and white and able to eject a malodorous secretion when the animal is startled or in danger. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sky
Origin: OE. Skie a cloud, Icel. Sk; akin to Sw. & Dan. Sky; cf. AS. Sca, scwa, shadow, Icel. Skuggi; probably from the same root as E. Scum. See Scum, and cf. Hide skin, Obscure. ... 1. A cloud. '[A wind] that blew so hideously and high, That it ne lefte not a sky In all the welkin long and broad.' (Chaucer) ... 2. Hence, a shadow. 'She passeth a …

sky blue
A pigment mixture of cobaltous stannate and calcium sulfate; used biologically as an injection mass. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

skylark
<zoology> A lark that mounts and sings as it files, especially the common species (Alauda arvensis) found in Europe and in some parts of Asia, and celebrated for its melodious song; called also sky laverock. See Lark. ... The Australian skylark (Cincloramphus cantillans) is a pipit which has the habit of ascending perpendicularly like a skylar …

skyllocytosis
<biology> Phagocytic process in Allogromia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

SL
<abbreviation> Spinal length. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slab
1. A thin piece of anything, especially of marble or other stone, having plane surfaces. ... 2. An outside piece taken from a log or timber in sawing it into boards, planks, etc. ... 3. <zoology> The wry neck. ... 4. The slack part of a sail. Slab line, a line or small rope by which seamen haul up the foot of the mainsail or foresail. ... Origin: …

slab-off lens
A spectacle lens with a base-up prism below; used in unequal myopia to equalise image displacement when reading. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slacken
1. To become slack; to be made less tense, firm, or rigid; to decrease in tension; as, a wet cord slackens in dry weather. ... 2. To be remiss or backward; to be negligent. ... 3. To lose cohesion or solidity by a chemical combination with water; to slake; as, lime slacks. ... 4. To abate; to become less violent. 'Whence these raging fires Will slacke …

slaframine
An alkaloid produced by the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola which causes slaframine toxicosis in horses and cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slaframine toxicosis
A disease of horses and cattle caused by ingestion of forages infected with the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola, which produces the toxic alkaloid slaframine, and characterised by profuse salivation. ... See: slaframine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slag
1. The dross, or recrement, of a metal; also, vitrified cinders. ... 2. The scoria of a volcano. ... <chemistry> Slag furnace, or Slag hearth, a furnace, or hearth, for extracting lead from slags or poor ore. Slag wool, mineral wool. See Mineral. ... Origin: Sw. Slagg, or LG. Slacke, whence G. Schlacke; originally, perhaps, the splinters struck …

slake
1. To allay; to quench; to extinguish; as, to slake thirst. 'And slake the heavenly fire.' 'It could not slake mine ire nor ease my heart.' (Shak) ... 2. To mix with water, so that a true chemical combination shall take place; to slack; as, to slake lime. ... Origin: OE. Slaken to render slack, to slake, AS. Sleacian, fr. Sleac slack. See Slack, & …

slant culture
A culture made on the slanting surface of a medium which has been solidified in a test tube inclined from the perpendicular so as to give a greater area than that of the lumen of the tube. ... Synonym: slope culture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slanted ear
An ear that is slanted more than usual. Technically, an ear is slanted when the angle of the slope of the auricle is more than 15 degrees from the perpendicular. Considered a minor anomaly. The presence of 2 or more minor anomalies in a child increases the probability that the child has a major malformation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

slash
The unmerchantable material left on site subsequent to harvesting a timber stand, including tops, limbs, cull sections. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

slash, burn, and poison
Brutal medical slang term for surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy (as approaches to the treatment of cancer). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

slashed
1. Marked or cut with a slash or slashes; deeply gashed; especially, having long, narrow openings, as a sleeve or other part of a garment, to show rich lining or under vesture. 'A gray jerkin, with scarlet and slashed sleeves.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. <botany> Divided into many narrow parts or segments by sharp incisions; laciniate. ... Source: W …

slate
1. To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe. ... 2. To register (as on a slate and subject to revision), for an appointment. ... Origin: Slated; Slating. ... 1. <chemical> An argillaceous rock which readily splits into thin plates; argillite; argillaceous schist. ... 2. Any rock or stone hav …

slaty
Resembling slate; having the nature, appearance, or properties, of slate; composed of thin parallel plates, capable of being separated by splitting; as, a slaty colour or texture. Slaty cleavage, a variety of gneiss in which the scales of mica or crystals of hornblende, which are usually minute, form thin laminae, rendering the rock easily cleavabl …

slaty anaemia
An ash-gray pallor in poisoning from acetanelid or silver (argyria). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slaughter
The act of killing. Specifically: ... The extensive, violent, bloody, or wanton destruction of life; carnage. 'On war and mutual slaughter bent.' (Milton) ... The act of killing cattle or other beasts for market. ... Synonym: Carnage, massacre, butchery, murder, havoc. ... Origin: OE. Slautir, slaughter, slaghter, Icel. Slatr slain flesh, modified by O …

slav
<ethnology> One of a race of people occupying a large part of Eastern and Northern Europe, including the Russians, Bulgarians, Roumanians, Servo-Croats, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Wends or Sorbs, Slovaks, etc. ... Alternative forms: Slave, and Sclav. ... Origin: A word originally meaning, intelligible, and used to contrast the people so called wi …

slave
1. A person who is held in bondage to another; one who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who is held as a chattel; one who has no freedom of action, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another. ' thou our slave, Our captive, at the public mill our drudge?' (Milton) ... 2. One who has lost the power of resistance …

SLE
Synonym for systemic lupus erythematosus ... <immunology, nephrology, rheumatology> A disease of humans, probably autoimmune with antinuclear and other antibodies in plasma. ... Immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries is a particular problem. ... Acronym: SLE ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

SLE-like syndrome
<syndrome> A disease with manifestations suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus, without meeting diagnostic criteria for that disease; sometimes used for drug-induced lupus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleek
1. Having an even, smooth surface; smooth; hence, glossy; as, sleek hair. 'So sleek her skin, so faultless was her make.' (Dryden) ... 2. Not rough or harsh. 'Those rugged names to our like mouths grow sleek.' (Milton) ... Origin: OE. Slik; akin to Icel. Slikr, and OE. Sliken to glide, slide, G. Schleichen, OHG. Slihhan, D. Slik, slijk, mud, slime, a …

sleep
A natural and healthy, but temporary and periodical, suspension of the functions of the organs of sense, as well as of those of the voluntary and rational soul; that state of the animal in which there is a lessened acuteness of sensory perception, a confusion of ideas, and a loss of mental control, followed by a more or less unconscious state. 'A m …

sleep apnea
Temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, often resulting in daytime sleepiness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sleep apnea syndrome
<syndrome> A disorder characterised by multiple episodes of partial or complete cessation of respiration during sleep. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep apnea syndromes
Disorders involving apneic episodes during sleep. They may be due to cessation of diaphragmatic movement, obstruction of upper airway air flow, or a combination of these, and may be associated with hypersomnolence, insomnia, or obesity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sleep apnoea
<chest medicine> Apnoea caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep, associated with frequent awakening and often with daytime sleepiness. ... There are three main forms: central sleep apnoea, obstructive sleep apnoea and mixed sleep apnoea. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sleep deprivation
The condition of being deprived of sleep either under experimental or under unusual real life conditions, as distinguished from being unable to sleep. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sleep disorders
Disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviours. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sleep dissociation
Synonym for sleep paralysis ... <neurology, physiology> A condition that occurs in REM stage sleep. There is no movement of the skeletal muscles in this stage of sleep. ... See: REM stage sleep. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sleep drunkenness
A half-waking condition in which the faculty of orientation is in abeyance, and under the influence of nightmare-like ideas the person may become actively excited and violent. ... Synonym: somnolentia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep epilepsy
Incorrect term for narcolepsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep paralysis
<neurology, physiology> A condition that occurs in REM stage sleep. There is no movement of the skeletal muscles in this stage of sleep. ... See: REM stage sleep. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sleep phase delay syndrome
<syndrome> A disorder in which the circadian rhythm of sleep and waking falls into a delayed but stable relationship with external time cues of day and night. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep spindle
The electroencephalographic record of 14-per-second bursts of wave frequency seen on EEG examination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep stages
Periods of sleep manifested by changes in eeg activity and certain behavioural correlates; includes stage 1: sleep onset, drowsy sleep; stage 2: light sleep; stages 3 and 4: delta sleep, light sleep, deep sleep, telencephalic sleep. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sleep terror
Synonym for night-terrors ... A disorder allied to nightmare, occurring in children, in which the child awakes screaming with fright, the distress persisting for a time during a state of semiconsciousness. ... Synonym: pavor nocturnus, sleep terror. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep-induced apnea
Apnea resulting from failure of the respiratory centre to stimulate adequate respiration during sleep; divided into respiratory pause (cessation of air flow for less than 10 seconds) and apneic pause (cessation of air flow greater than 10 seconds). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleep, rem
A stage of sleep characterised by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern eeg. It is usually associated with dreaming. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sleepiness
Synonym for somnolence ... <neurology> Sleepiness, also unnatural drowsiness. ... Origin: L. Somnolentia = sleepiness ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

sleeping pill
<pharmacology> Sedative medications used to promote sleep. The benzodiazepines and barbiturates are commonly used. ... Examples include: diazepam, flurazepam, triazolam, chlordiazepoxide, secobarbital, amobarbital, talbutal and pentobarbital. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

sleeping sickness
Synonym for Trypanosoma ... <protozoa> Genus of Protozoa that causes serious infections in humans and domestic animals. African trypanosomes, of the brucei group, are carried by Tsetse flies and, when they enter the bloodstream of the mammalian host go through a complex series of stages. ... Perhaps the most interesting feature is that there ar …

sleeplessness
Synonym for insomnia ... Inability to sleep, abnormal wakefulness. ... Origin: L. Somnus = sleep ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sleeptalking
Synonym: somniloquence, somniloquy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleepwalker
Synonym for somnambulist ... One who is subject to somnambulism. ... Synonym: sleepwalker. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sleepwalking
Synonym for somnambulism ... <psychiatry, neurology> Sleepwalking, rising out of bed and walking about during an apparent state of sleep, usually occurring in the first third of the night and lasting a few minutes to a half hour. ... Origin: L. Somnus = sleep, ambulare = to walk ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sleepy
1. Drowsy; inclined to, or overcome by, sleep. 'She waked her sleepy crew.' (Dryden) ... 2. Tending to induce sleep; soporiferous; somniferous; as, a sleepy drink or potion. ... 3. Dull; lazy; heavy; sluggish. ''Tis not sleepy business; But must be looked to speedily and strongly.' (Shak) ... 4. Characterised by an absence of watchfulness; as, sleepy …

sleeve graft
A graft for repairing a severed nerve by connecting central and peripheral ends with a sleevelike structure, commonly, a segment of vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slender
1. Small or narrow in proportion to the length or the height; not thick; slim; as, a slender stem or stalk of a plant. 'A slender, choleric man.' 'She, as a veil down to the slender waist, Her unadorned golden tresses wore.' (Milton) ... 2. Weak; feeble; not strong; slight; as, slender hope; a slender constitution. 'Mighty hearts are held in slender …

slender fasciculus
Synonym for fasciculus gracilis ... gracile fasciculus ...

slender lobule
Synonym for gracile lobule ... The anterior portion of the posteroinferior lobule of the cerebellum, the posterior portion being the semilunar lobule inferior; the two correspond to the tuber of the vermis. ... Synonym: lobulus gracilis, slender lobule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slender process of malleus
Synonym for anterior process of malleus ... A slender spur running anteriorward from the neck of the malleus toward the petrotympanic fissure. ... Synonym: processus anterior mallei, Folli's process, follian process, long process of malleus, processus gracilis, processus ravii, Rau's process, Ravius' process, slender process of malleus. ... (05 Mar 20 …

slew rate
In electronic pacemaker function, the maximum rate of change of an amplifier output voltage; important variable affecting heart function as controlled by an electronic pacemaker. Sensing circuits in the pacemaker often respond to the slew rate rather than to the absolute amplitude of the voltage pulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slice
1. A thin, broad piece cut off; as, a slice of bacon; a slice of cheese; a slice of bread. ... 2. That which is thin and broad, like a slice. Specifically: A broad, thin piece of plaster. ... A salver, platter, or tray. ... A knife with a thin, broad blade for taking up or serving fish; also, a spatula for spreading anything, as paint or ink. ... A pla …

slide
1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice. ... 2. Smooth, even passage or progress. 'A better slide into their business.' (Bacon) ... 3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically: An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of gravity, especially. One constructed on a mountain side for conveying logs by sliding them dow …

slide micrometer
A scale made on a microscope slide with lines ruled in divisions, usually, of 0.01 mm; typically used to calibrate an ocular micrometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliding filament hypothesis
The theory that the contracting muscle shortens because two sets of filaments slide past each other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliding filament model
<cell biology> Generally accepted model for the way in which contraction occurs in the sarcomere of striated muscle, by the sliding of the thick filaments relative to the thin filaments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sliding flap
A rectangular flap raised in an elastic area, with its free end adjacent to a defect; the defect is covered by stretching the flap longitudinally until the end comes over it. ... Synonym: advancement flap, French flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliding hernia
A hernia in which an abdominal viscus forms part of the sac. ... Synonym: extrasaccular hernia, parasaccular hernia, slipped hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliding hiatal hernia
<radiology> Axial hernia, concentric hernia, 99% of hiatal hernias, portion of peritoneal sac forms part of wall of hernia, aetiology: rupture of phrenicoesophageal membrane due to repetitive stretching with swallowing, incidence: increases with age Findings: UGI, epiphrenic bulge, distance between B ring and hiatal margin greater than 2cm, t …

sliding hook
A movable attachment used on an orthodontic wire for the application of elastic traction or headgear force. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliding oblique osteotomy
<procedure> An oral surgical procedure in which the mandibular ramus is cut vertically from the sigmoid notch to the angle to facilitate posterior repositioning of the mandible in correction of mandibular prognathism; it may be performed extraorally or intraorally, and is similar to vertical osteotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliding oesophageal hiatal hernia
Displacement of the cardioesophageal junction and the stomach through the oesophageal hiatus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slim
1. Worthless; bad. ... 2. Weak; slight; unsubstantial; poor; as, a slim argument. 'That was a slim excuse.' ... 3. Of small diameter or thickness in proportion to the height or length; slender; as, a slim person; a slim tree. ... Origin: Formerly, bad, worthless, weak, slight, awry, fr. D. Slim; akin to G. Schlimm, MHG. Slimp oblique, awry; of uncerta …

slime
1. Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous mud. 'As it [Nilus] ebbs, the seedsman Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain.' (Shak) ... 2. Any mucilaginous substance; any substance of a dirty nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive. ... 3. Bitumen. 'Slime had they for mortar.' (Gen. Xi. 3) ... 4. <chemical> Mud contain …

slime fever
Leptospiral infection with jaundice, presumably infection by Leptospira icterohemorrhagica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slime layer
<biology, microbiology> A diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall. ... Compare: capsule and glycocalyx. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

slime mould
<biology, microbiology> Two distinct groups of fungi, the cellular slime moulds or Acrasidae that include Dictyostelium and the acellular slime moulds or Myxomycetes that include Physarum. ... These nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms lack cell walls, which aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime moulds) or simply masses of …

sling
A supporting bandage or suspensory device; especially a loop suspended from the neck and supporting the flexed forearm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sling psychrometer
Wet and dry bulb thermometers mounted on a hand sling, for use when a small portable psychrometer is required. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slink
1. To creep away meanly; to steal away; to sneak. 'To slink away and hide.' 'Back to the thicket slunk The guilty serpent.' (Milton) 'There were some few who slank obliquely from them as they passed.' (Landor) ... 2. To miscarry; said of female beasts. ... Origin: AS. Slincan; probably akin to G. Schleichen, E. Sleek. See Sleek. ... To cast prematurel …

slip
1. To cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey gently or secretly. 'He tried to slip a powder into her drink.' (Arbuthnot) ... 2. To omit; to loose by negligence. 'And slip no advantage That my secure you.' (B. Jonson) ... 3. To cut slips from; to cut; to take off; to make a slip or slips of; as, to slip a piece of cloth or paper. 'The …

slipped capital femoral epiphysis
<orthopaedics> This refers to chronic fracture of the epiphyseal growth plate known as a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. ... The capital (head of the femur) should sit squarely on the femoral neck. Abnormal movement along the growth plate results in the slip. Often this condition will present in prepubescent males with an insidious onset of …

slipped disc
<orthopaedics> A condition that results in the abnormal protrusion (bulging), herniation or prolapse of a vertebral disc from its normal position in the vertebral column. ... The displaced disc may exert force on a nearby nerve root causing the typical neurologic symptoms of radiating pain (to an extremity), numbness, tingling and weakness. Re …

slipped hernia
Synonym for sliding hernia ... A hernia in which an abdominal viscus forms part of the sac. ... Synonym: extrasaccular hernia, parasaccular hernia, slipped hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slipped tendon
See: perosis. ... Todaro's tendon, an inconstant tendinous structure that extends from the right fibrous trigone of the heart toward the valve of the inferior vena cava. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slipped tendon disease
A manganese-deficiency perosis in the young chick, which allows the tendons on the caudal aspect of the tarsus to displace medially and laterally, so that the chick squats and walks on the plantar surface of the limbs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slipper
1. One who, or that which, slips. ... 2. A kind of light shoe, which may be slipped on with ease, and worn in undress; a slipshoe. ... 3. A kind of apron or pinafore for children. ... 4. A kind of brake or shoe for a wagon wheel. ... 5. <machinery> A piece, usually a plate, applied to a sliding piece, to receive wear and afford a means of adjustm …

slippery
1. Having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; allowing or causing anything to slip or move smoothly, rapidly, and easily upon the surface; smooth; glib; as, oily substances render things slippery. ... 2. Not affording firm ground for confidence; as, a slippery promise. 'The slippery tops of human state.' (Cowley) ... 3. Not easily held; liable or a …

slipping patella
Spontaneous or easily provoked dislocation of the patella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slipping rib
Subluxation of a rib cartilage, with costochondral separation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slipping rib cartilage
Subluxation of rib cartilage, at the costo-chondral junction, causing pain and audible click. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slit
<microscopy> A narrow aperture, usually rectangular in shape. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

slit lamp
<apparatus, ophthalmology> A special type of examination of the anterior structures of the eye. These include the conjunctiva, sclera, lids, iris, cornea and anterior chamber. ... The slit lamp is a device which focuses a high intensity light beam (that can be focused as a slit) at the structures of the eye while the examiner looks through a m …

slit microscope
Synonym for ultramicroscope ... <instrument, microscopy> A term applied to particles less than 0.1 ~m in diameter, hence too small to be truly resolved by the light micro- scope. Under the ultramicroscope they look like stars in the sky. Their differences in size are merely indicated by differences in brightness. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

slit pores
The intercellular clefts between the interdigitating pedicels of podocytes; they are part of the filtration barrier of renal corpuscles. ... Synonym: filtration slits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

slit ventricle syndrome
<syndrome> In shunt dependent patients, a state characterised by intermittent or chronic headaches, small ventricles, and slow reflux of the valve mechanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sliver
1. A long piece cut ot rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a splinter. ... 2. A strand, or slender roll, of cotton or other fibre in a loose, untwisted state, produced by a carding machine and ready for the roving or slubbing which preceeds spinning. ... 3. Bait made of pieces of small fish. Cf. Kibblings. ... To cut or divide into long, thin pieces, …