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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

smilax
<botany> A genus of perennial climbing plants, usually with a prickly woody stem; green brier, or cat brier. The rootstocks of certain species are the source of the medicine called sarsaparilla. ... A delicate trailing plant (Myrsiphyllum asparagoides) much used for decoration. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. ... Origin: L, bindweed, G …

smile
1. The act of smiling; a peculiar change or brightening of the face, which expresses pleasure, moderate joy, mirth, approbation, or kindness; opposed to frown. 'Sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles: for smiles from reason flow.' (Milton) ... 2. A somewhat similar expression of countenance, indicative of satisfaction combined with malevolent feeling …

smiling
A facial expression which may denote feelings of pleasure, affection, amusement, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

smite
1. To strike; to inflict a blow upon with the hand, or with any instrument held in the hand, or with a missile thrown by the hand; as, to smite with the fist, with a rod, sword, spear, or stone. 'Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.' (Matt. V. 39) 'And David . . . Took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote th …

Smith-Boyce operation
Synonym for anatrophic nephrotomy ... <procedure> An incision into the posterolateral renal parenchyma, gaining access to the calyceal system through an avascular plane between anterior and posterior branches of the renal artery; used for removal of calyceal and branched renal calculi, with maximum exposure yet minimal bleeding or parenchymal …

Smith-Indian operation
A surgical technique for removal of cataract within the capsule. ... Synonym: Smith's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smith-lemli-opitz syndrome
<syndrome> Autosomal recessive disorder characterised by multiple congenital anomalies including microcephaly, mental retardation, unusual facies, and genital abnormalities. The biochemical defect is a lack of 7-dehydrocholesterol-delta-7-reductase, resulting in abnormally high levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol and low levels of cholesterol. ... …

Smith-Petersen nail
A flanged nail for pinning a fracture of the neck of the femur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith-Petersen, Marius
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1886-1953. ... See: Smith-Petersen nail. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith-Riley syndrome
<syndrome> Multiple haemangiomas, macrocephaly, and blurred optic disks; angiomas appear at birth or later, and enlarge and multiply. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith-Robinson operation
Interbody spinal fusion through an anterior cervical approach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith, David
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, *1926. ... See: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith, G
<person> U.S. Neurosurgeon, 1917-1964. ... See: Smith-Robinson operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith, Henry
<person> Irish born British military surgeon in India, 1862-1948. ... See: Smith's operation, Smith-Indian operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith, Robert
<person> Irish surgeon, 1807-1873. ... See: Smith's fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith, Theobald
<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1859-1934. ... See: Theobald Smith's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith, William
<person> 20th century U.S. Physician. ... See: Smith-Riley syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Smith's fracture
<orthopaedics> A fracture of the radius at the wrist that results in volar (palmar) angulation of the distal fracture fragment, opposite the Colles fracture. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Smith's operation
Synonym for Smith-Indian operation ... A surgical technique for removal of cataract within the capsule. ... Synonym: Smith's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smock
1. A woman's under-garment; a shift; a chemise. 'In her smock, with head and foot all bare.' (Chaucer) ... 2. A blouse; a smoock frock. ... Origin: AS. Smoc; akin to OHG. Smocho, Icel. Smokkr, and from the root of AS. Smgan to creep, akin to G. Schmiegen to cling to, press close. MHG. Smiegen, Icel. Smjga to creep through, to put on a garment which h …

smog
A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

smoke
1. To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke; to disinfect, to cure, etc, by smoke; as, to smoke or fumigate infected clothing; to smoke beef or hams for preservation. ... 2. To fill or scent with smoke; hence, to fill with incense; to perfume. 'Smoking the temple.' ... 3. To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect. 'I alone Smoked his true person, …

smoke inhalation injury
Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

smoker's patches
An obsolete term for leukoplakia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smoker's tongue
An obsolete term for leukoplakia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smoking cessation
Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

smoky
1. Emitting smoke, especially. In large quantities or in an offensive manner; fumid; as, smoky fires. ... 2. Having the appearance or nature of smoke; as, a smoky fog. 'Unlustrous as the smoky light.' ... 3. Filled with smoke, or with a vapor resembling smoke; thick; as, a smoky atmosphere. ... 4. Subject to be filled with smoke from chimneys or firep …

smoldering leukaemia
A condition in which the bone marrow does not function normally. It does not produce enough blood cells. This condition may progress and become acute leukaemia. Smoldering leukaemia also is called myelodysplastic syndrome or preleukaemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

smolt
<marine biology> Juvenile salmonid one or more years old that has undergone physiological changes to cope with a marine environment, the seaward migration stage of an anadromous salmonid. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

smoltification
<marine biology> Suite of physiological, morphological, biochemical and behavioural changes, including development of the silvery colour of adults and a tolerance for seawater, that take place in salmonid parr as they prepare to migrate downstream and enter the sea. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

smooth
1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or points can be perceived by the touch; not rough; as, smooth glass; smooth porcelain. 'The outlines must be smooth, imperceptible to the touch, and even, without eminence or cavities.' (Dryden) ... 2. Evenly spread or arranged; sleek; as, smooth hair. ... 3. Gently flowing; moving eq …

smooth chorion
Synonym for chorion laeve ... The portion of the chorion from which the villi disappear in the later stages of pregnancy. ... Synonym: smooth chorion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smooth colony
A bacterial colony with a glistening, rounded surface; this type of colony is usually associated with increased virulence with respect to that of rough colony's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smooth diet
A diet containing little roughage; used primarily in diseases of the colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smooth endoplasmic reticulum
<cell biology> An internal membrane structure of the eukaryotic cell. Biochemically similar to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but lacks the ribosome binding function. ... Tends to be tubular rather than sheet like, may be separate from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or may be an extension of it. Abundant in cells concerned with lipid metabo …

smooth leprosy
Synonym for tuberculoid leprosy ... A benign, stable, and resistant form of the disease in which the lepromin reaction is strongly positive and in which the lesions are erythematous, insensitive, infiltrated plaques with clear-cut edges. ... Synonym: nodular leprosy, smooth leprosy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smooth microsome
<cell biology> Fraction produced by ultracentrifugation of a cellular homogenate. It consists of membrane vesicles derived largely from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

smooth muscle
<anatomy, pathology, physiology> Muscle tissue in vertebrates made up from long tapering cells that may be anything from 20-500m long. ... Smooth muscle is generally involuntary and differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of …

smooth muscle relaxant
An agent, such as an antispasmodic, bronchodilator, or vasodilator, that reduces the tension or tone of smooth (involuntary) muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smooth muscle tissue
Synonym for smooth muscle ... <anatomy, pathology, physiology> Muscle tissue in vertebrates made up from long tapering cells that may be anything from 20-500m long. ... Smooth muscle is generally involuntary and differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract …

smooth muscle tumour
A tumour composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumour derived from smooth muscle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

smooth muscular sphincter
Synonym for lissosphincter ... A sphincter of smooth musculature. ... Synonym: smooth muscular sphincter. ... Origin: G. Lissos, smooth, + sphincter ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smooth strain
Synonym for rough strain ... <microbiology> Bacterial strains that have altered outer cell wall carbohydrate chains causing colonies on agar to change their appearance from smooth to dull. ... In Streptococci the smooth strains are virulent whereas the rough strains are not. This is partly because the rough strains are much more readily phagocy …

smooth surface caries
Caries initiated on the smooth surfaces of teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smother
1. To destroy the life of by suffocation; to deprive of the air necessary for life; to cover up closely so as to prevent breathing; to suffocate; as, to smother a child. ... 2. To affect as by suffocation; to stife; to deprive of air by a thick covering, as of ashes, of smoke, or the like; as, to smother a fire. ... 3. Hence, to repress the action of …

smudge cells
Immature leukocytes of any type that have undergone partial breakdown during preparation of a stained smear or tissue section, because of their greater fragility; smudge cell's are seen in largest numbers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. ... Synonym: basket cell, Gumprecht's shadows, shadow cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

smut
1. Foul matter, like soot or coal dust; also, a spot or soil made by such matter. ... 2. <chemical> Bad, soft coal, containing much earthy matter, found in the immediate locality of faults. ... 3. <botany> An affection of cereal grains producing a swelling which is at length resolved into a powdery sooty mass. It is caused by parasitic fu …

Sn
Symbol for tin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snag
1. To cut the snags or branches from, as the stem of a tree; to hew roughly. ... 2. To injure or destroy, as a steamboat or other vessel, by a snag, or projecting part of a sunken tree. 3. To catch on a snag5. 4. (Fig) To obtain by a quick action, as though by snagging3 something passing by; often used of an opportunistic or fortunate action. ... Ori …

snail
1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of terrestrial air-breathing gastropods belonging to the genus Helix and many allied genera of the family Helicidae. They are abundant in nearly all parts of the world except the arctic regions, and feed almost entirely on vegetation; a land sanil. Any gastropod having a general resemblance to the true …

snail fever
Synonym for schistosomiasis ... Disease (bilharzia) caused by digenetic trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma, the adults of which live in the urinary or mesenteric blood vessels. Eggs shed by the female worms pass to the outside in the urine or faeces, but many also lodge in and obstruct the blood flow in the liver. Eosinophils seem to be partic …

snails
Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial mollusks of the class gastropoda. most have an enclosing spiral shell, and several genera harbor parasites pathogenic to man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

snake
<zoology> Any species of the order Ophidia; an ophidian; a serpent, whether harmless or venomous. See Ophidia, and Serpent. ... Snakes are abundant in all warm countries, and much the larger number are harmless to man. Blind snake, Garter snake, Green snake, King snake, Milk snake, Rock snake, Water snake, etc. See Blind, Garter, etc. Fetich s …

snake bites
Bites by snakes. The condition of having been bitten by a venomous snake, characterised by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

snake proteinase
<enzyme> Amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: snake gene product, snake protein, snake protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

snake venoms
Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (ophidia) salivary glands for the purpose of killing prey or disabling predators and delivered by grooved or hollow fangs. They usually contain enzymes, toxins, and other factors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

snakebird
1. <ornithology> Any one of four species of aquatic birds of the genus Anhinga or Plotus. They are allied to the gannets and cormorants, but have very long, slender, flexible necks, and sharp bills. ... The American species (Anhinga, or Plotus, anhinga) inhabits the Southern United States and tropical America; called also darter, and water tur …

snakeroot
<botany> Any one of several plants of different genera and species, most of which are (or were formerly) reputed to be efficacious as remedies for the bites of serpents; also, the roots of any of these. ... The Virginia snakeroot is Aristolochia Serpentaria; black snakeroot is Sanicula, especially. S. Marilandica, also Cimicifuga racemosa; Sen …

snakewood
<botany> An East Indian climbing plant (Strychnos colubrina) having a bitter taste, and supposed to be a remedy for the bite of the hooded serpent. ... An East Indian climbing shrub (Ophioxylon serpentinum) which has the roots and stems twisted so as to resemble serpents. ... Same as Trumpetwood. ... A tropical American shrub (Plumieria rubra) w …

snap
1. To break short, or at once; to part asunder suddenly; as, a mast snaps; a needle snaps. 'But this weapon will snap short, unfaithful to the hand that employs it.' (Burke) ... 2. To give forth, or produce, a sharp, cracking noise; to crack; as, blazing firewood snaps. ... 3. To make an effort to bite; to aim to seize with the teeth; to catch eagerl …

snap finger
Synonym for trigger finger ... An affection in which the movement of the finger is arrested for a moment in flexion or extension and then continues with a jerk. ... Synonym: jerk finger, lock finger, snap finger, spring finger, stuck finger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snapdragon
1. <botany> Any plant of the scrrophulariaceous genus Antirrhinum, especially the cultivated A. Majus, whose showy flowers are fancifully likened to the face of a dragon. A West Indian herb (Ruellia tuberosa) with curiously shaped blue flowers. ... 2. A play in which raisins are snatched from a vessel containing burning brandy, and eaten; also …

snapper
1. One who, or that which, snaps; as, a snapper up of trifles; the snapper of a whip. ... 2. <zoology> Any one of several species of large sparoid food fishes of the genus Lutjanus, abundant on the southern coasts of the United States and on both coasts of tropical America. ... The red snapper (Lutjanus aya, or Blackfordi) and the gray, or mang …

snapping reflex
Synonym for Hoffmann's sign ... <clinical sign> In latent tetany mild mechanical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes severe pain, flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb and of the second and third phalanges of one or more of the fingers when the volar surface of the terminal phalanx of the fingers is flicked. ... Synonym: digital r …

snare
1. A contrivance, often consisting of a noose of cord, or the like, by which a bird or other animal may be entangled and caught; a trap; a gin. ... 2. Hence, anything by which one is entangled and brought into trouble. 'If thou retire, the Dauphin, well appointed, Stands with the snares of war to tangle thee.' (Shak) ... 3. The gut or string stretche …

SNAREs
Receptors for SNAPs. The neuronal receptor for vesicle SNAPs, v SNARE, is synaptobrevin, also called VAMP 2. The target (t SNARE) associated with the plasma membrane of the axonal terminal is syntaxin. The SNAP SNARE complex is apparently responsible for regulating vesicle targeting: neurotoxins such as tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin selectively …

SNE
<abbreviation> Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sneddon
I.B., 20th century English dermatologist. ... See: Sneddon's syndrome, Sneddon-Wilkinson disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sneddon syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome of livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions involving all the extremities and the trunk, worsening in cold weather and during the acute phase of neurological complications. Chronic ischemia of the extremities is present in all cases. Adventitial fibrosis, thrombosis, and changes in the media are the principal patho …

Sneddon-Wilkinson disease
Synonym for subcorneal pustular dermatosis ... A pruritic chronic annular eruption of sterile vesicles and pustules beneath the stratum corneum; bears a considerable clinical resemblance to dermatitis herpetiformis. ... Synonym: Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, subcorneal pustular dermatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sneddon's syndrome
<syndrome> A cerebral arteriopathy of unknown aetiology, characterised by noninflammatory intimal hyperplasia of medium-sized vessels associated with diffuse cutaneous livedo reticularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sneer
1. To show contempt by turning up the nose, or by a particular facial expression. ... 2. To inssinuate contempt by a covert expression; to speak derisively. 'I could be content to be a little sneared at.' (Pope) ... 3. To show mirth awkwardly. ... The verb to sneer implies to cast contempt indirectly or by covert expressions. To jeer is stronger, and …

sneeze
1. To expel air from the nose and mouth by an involuntary spasmodic contraction of the muscles of expiration. ... 2. An act of sneezing; a reflex excited by an irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose or, sometimes, by a bright light striking the eye. ... Origin: A.S. Fneosan ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sneezing gas
Synonym for sternutator ... A substance, such as a gas, that induces sneezing. ... Synonym: sneezing gas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Snell's law
Synonym for law of refraction ... For two given media, the sine of the angle of incidence bears a constant relation to the sine of the angle of refraction. ... Synonym: Descartes' law, Snell's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Snellen
Hermann, Dutch ophthalmologist, 1834-1908. ... See: Snellen's test types, Snellen's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Snellen's sign
<clinical sign> Bruit heard on auscultation over the eye in a patient with Graves' disease, due to the hyperdynamic circulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Snellen's test types
Square black symbols employed in testing the acuity of distant vision; the letters vary in size in such a way that each one subtends a visual angle of 5' at a particular distance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

SNF4 protein kinase
<enzyme> Has been sequenced; appears to activate snf1 protein kinase; a 36 kD protein; do not confuse with cat3 protein, a catalase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: cat3 protein kinase, sci1 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sniff test
at fluoroscopy, a test for diaphragmatic function; paradoxical motion of a hemidiaphragm when a patient sniffs vigorously shows phrenic nerve paralysis or paresis of the hemidiaphragm. If rapid upward movement of the diaphragm occurs on brisk sniffing in the supine position, it is highly suggestive of paralysis of the diaphragm. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

snipe
1. <ornithology> Any one of numerous species of limicoline game birds of the family Scolopacidae, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak. ... The common, or whole, snipe (Gallinago coelestis) and the great, or double, snipe (G. Major), are the most important European species. The Wilson's snipe (G. Delicata) (sometimes erroneously called …

snout
1. The long, projecting nose of a beast, as of swine. ... 2. The nose of a man; in contempt. ... 3. The nozzle of a pipe, hose, etc. ... 4. <zoology> The anterior prolongation of the head of a gastropod; called also rostrum. The anterior prolongation of the head of weevils and allied beetles. ... <zoology> Snout beetle, any pyralid moth. Se …

snout reflex
Pouting or pursing of the lips induced by light tapping of closed lips near the midline; seen in defective pyramidal innervation of facial musculature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snow
1. Watery particles congealed into white or transparent crystals or flakes in the air, and falling to the earth, exhibiting a great variety of very beautiful and perfect forms. ... Snow is often used to form compounds, most of which are of obvious meaning; as, snow-capped, snow-clad, snow-cold, snow-crowned, snow-crust, snow-fed, snow-haired, snowli …

snow blindness
<ophthalmology> Severe photophobia that occurs secondary to ultraviolet light induced keratoconjunctivitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

snow conjunctivitis
Synonym for ultraviolet keratoconjunctivitis ... Acute keratoconjunctivitis resulting from exposure to intense ultraviolet irradiation. ... Synonym: actinic conjunctivitis, arc-flash conjunctivitis, flash keratoconjunctivitis, ophthalmia nivalis, snow conjunctivitis, welder's conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Snow procedure
Synonym for autoaugmentation ... Augmentation of the bladder by incision and excision of detrusor muscle leaving only bladder epithelium. ... Synonym: autocystoplasty, Snow procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snowball
1. A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or anything resembling such a mass. ... 2. <botany> The Guelder-rose. Snowball tree. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

snowball opacity
A spherical, white body seen in the vitreous in asteroid hyalosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snowball sampling
A method whereby interview subjects for a statistical study are obtained from subjects already interviewed for that study.This technique is most often used with target populations made up of elusive or uncooperative subjects (e.g., IV drug users). Those subjects first contacted are asked to name acquaintances, who are then approached, interviewed, …

snowberry
<botany> A name of several shrubs with white berries; as, the Symphoricarpus racemosus of the Northern United States, and the Chiococca racemosa of Florida and tropical America. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

snowbird
<zoology> An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes, nivalis) common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. ... Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter time, especially J. Hyemalis …

snowfleck
Synonym for snowbird ... <zoology> An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes, nivalis) common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. ... Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter time …

snowman abnormality
Synonym for figure-of-8 abnormality ... A radiographic appearance associated with total anomalous drainage of the pulmonary venous circulation into enlarged right and anomalous left venae cavae, that produces a globular density above the heart; the silhouette suggests the figure 8. ... Synonym: snowman abnormality. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snowman sign
<radiology> Supracardiac TAPVR, (total anomalous pulmonary venous return), return to persistent left superior vena cava, aka: vertical vein ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

snowshoe hare virus
A member of the California group of arboviruses (family Bunyaviridae) causing fever, severe headache, and nausea in humans in North America. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

snowy
1. White like snow. 'So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows.' ... 2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow. 'The snowy top of cold Olympus.' ... 3. Pure; unblemished; unstained; spotless. 'There did he lose his snowy innocence.' (J. Hall (1646)) ... 4. <ornithology> Snowy heron, a small plover (aegialitis nivosa) of the western parts of the …

SNRK protein kinase
<enzyme> A member of the snf1 family of protein kinases; mw 81.6 kD; consists of 746 amino acid residues; genbank x89383 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: snrk protein, snrk gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

snRNA
Synonym for small nuclear RNA ... rNA ...

snRNP
<molecular biology> Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. ... See: small nuclear RNA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...