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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


soda
<chemistry> Sodium oxide or hydroxide. ... Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. Sal soda. See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. ... <chemical> Soda alum, a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda. Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; so called becau …

soda lime
A mixture of calcium and sodium hydroxides used to absorb carbon dioxide in situations in which rebreathing occurs; e.g., in basal determinations or in certain types of anaesthesia circuits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

soda loading
A procedure adopted by a number of athletes of ingesting sodium bicarbonate in an attempt to buffer the production of protons during exercise. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodio-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sodium or one of its compounds. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

sodium
<chemistry>, element> Sodium is a soft, silvery, highly reactive alkali metal which has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic weight of 22.990. It is most commonly found in the form of salt, sodium chloride (NaCl). ... It was first identified as an element by the English scientist Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. Sodium chloride is a critical nutr …

sodium acetate
<chemical> The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. It has also been used as a systemic and urinary alkaliser, diuretic, and expectorant. ... Pharmacological action: diuretics, expectorants, pharmaceutic aid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium acid carbonate
Synonym for sodium bicarbonate ... <chemical> Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). ... A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. ... Pharmacologic action: Acid neutralization. ... Uses: Preexist …

sodium acid citrate
Synonym for sodium citrate ... Na3C6H5O7 -2H2O; trisodium citrate;used as diuretic, antilithic, systemic and urinary alkaliser, expectorant, and anticoagulant (in vitro). ... Synonym: sodium acid citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium acid phosphate
Synonym for sodium biphosphate ... NaH2PO4-H2O;used to increase urinary acidity. ... Synonym: primary sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium alginate
Synonym for algin ... <plant biology> This gelatinous material, a polysaccharide extract from brown algae, is widely used in foods, medicines, and industrial and household products. ... The main algae that produce it are Laminaria species and Macrocystispyrifera (a chemically different version of algin is produced by the bacterium Azobacter vin …

sodium aminosalicylate
C6H3(p-NH2)(o-OH)-COONa-2H2O;used for the same purposes as aminosalicylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium ammonium ATPase
<enzyme> Aspect of atpase, EC 3.6.1.3 ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: ammonium potassium atpase, na nh4 atpase, atpase, sodium ammonium ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sodium antimonyl tartrate
Synonym for antimony sodium tartrate ... Na(SbO)C4H4O6;used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, and as an emetic. ... Synonym: sodium antimonyl tartrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium antimonylgluconate
Synonym for stibogluconate sodium ... 1. Pentavalent sodium stibogluconate;Pentavalent sodium stibogluconate, used in the treatment of all types of leishmaniasis; toxic effects are frequent. ... Synonym: antimony sodium gluconate. ... 2. Trivalent sodium stibogluconate;Trivalent antimony sodium gluconate, used in the treatment of schistosomiasis; toxi …

sodium arsanilate
Synonym for sodium p-aminophenylarsonate ... H2N-C6H4-AsO(OH)(ONa)-3H 2O; a compound that was one of the first modern pentavalent arsenicals. ... Synonym: sodium arsanilate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium ascorbate
Same actions and uses as ascorbic acid; it is preferred for intramuscular administration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium ATPase
<enzyme> Na activated, mg dependent atpase; aspect of atpase, EC 3.6.1.3 ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: sodium adenosine triphosphatase, na atpase, atpase, sodium, sodium-translocating atpase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sodium aurothiomalate
Synonym for gold sodium thiomalate ... <chemical> A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or …

sodium aurothiosulfate
Synonym for gold sodium thiosulfate ... <chemical> An antirheumatic agent with the same actions and uses as gold sodium thiomalate. ... Pharmacological action: antirheumatic agents, gold. ... Chemical name: Aurate(3-), bis(monothiosulfato(2-)-O,S)-, trisodium, (T-4)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium azide
<chemical> A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors, indicators and reagents, mutagens, vasodilator agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium benzoate
C6H5COONa;used in chronic and acute rheumatism and as a liver function test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium bicarbonate
<chemical> Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). ... A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. ... Pharmacologic action: Acid neutralization. ... Uses: Preexisting metabolic acidosis, hyperkalem …

sodium biphosphate
NaH2PO4-H2O;used to increase urinary acidity. ... Synonym: primary sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium bisulfite
NaHSO3;acid sodium sulfite, used in gastric and intestinal fermentation, externally in the treatment of parasitic diseases, and as an antioxidant in certain injections (s. Metabisulfite). ... Synonym: sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium pyrosulfite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium borate
Na2B4O7-10H2O;used in lotions, gargles, mouthwashes, and as a detergent. ... Synonym: borax, sodium pyroborate, sodium tetraborate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium bromide
NaBr;a hypnotic and sedative; used in epilepsy and other functional disorders of the nervous system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium cacodylate
(CH3)2AsOONa-3H2O;used in anaemia, leukaemia, and malaria. ... Synonym: sodium dimethylarsenate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium carbonate
Na2CO3-10H2O;used in the treatment of scaly skin diseases; otherwise rarely used in medicine because of its irritant action. ... Synonym: sal soda, soda, washing soda. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
The sodium salt of a polycarboxymethyl ether of cellulose; used as a laxative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium channel
<neurology, physiology> The protein responsible for electrical excitability of neurons. A transmembrane ion channel, containing an aqueous pore around 0.4nm diameter, with a negatively charged region internally (the selectivity filter) to block passage of anions. ... The channel is voltage gated: it opens in response to a small depolarisation …

sodium channels
Cell membrane glycoproteins selective for sodium ions. Fast sodium current is associated with the action potential in neural membranes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium chloride
<chemical> Table salt, NaCL. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sodium chloride, dietary
Sodium chloride used in foods. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium citrate
Na3C6H5O7 -2H2O; trisodium citrate;used as diuretic, antilithic, systemic and urinary alkaliser, expectorant, and anticoagulant (in vitro). ... Synonym: sodium acid citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium citrate acid
C6H6O7Na-11/2H2O; disodium hydrogen citrate;same actions and uses as sodium citrate; in addition, it may be used in solutions of glucose without producing caramelization of the latter during autoclaving. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium cromoglycate
Synonym for cromolyn sodium ... <chemical> A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitised mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack. ... Pharmacological action: anti-asthmatic agents. ... Chem …

sodium cyanide
<chemical> Sodium cyanide (na(cn)). A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors, indicators and reagents, poisons. ... Chemical name: Sodium cyanide (Na(CN …

sodium dehydrocholate
A cholagogue; also used to determine circulation time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium diatrizoate
A water-soluble organic iodine compound formerly used for intravenous excretory urography and angiography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Synonym for sodium biphosphate ... NaH2PO4-H2O;used to increase urinary acidity. ... Synonym: primary sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium dimethylarsenate
Synonym for sodium cacodylate ... (CH3)2AsOONa-3H2O;used in anaemia, leukaemia, and malaria. ... Synonym: sodium dimethylarsenate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium dodecyl sulfate
<chemical> An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry. ... Pharmacological action: surface-active agent. ... Chemica …

sodium dodecyl sulphate
See: SDS. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

sodium erythorbate
<chemical> This compound is used in the food industry to keep processed meat, such as hot dogs and beef sticks, from turning strange colours. ... It is chemically similar to vitamin C, which was used for the same purpose before this compound, but only gives the body 1/20th of the vitamin C one would get from taking regular vitamin C. It is mad …

sodium fluoride
<chemical> Sodium fluoride (naf). A source of inorganic fluoride which has been used orally and topically to prevent dental caries. It is also effective as a pesticide and in the therapy of osteoporosis. ... Pharmacological action: fluorides, topical. ... Chemical name: Sodium fluoride (NaF) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium fluosilicate
Synonym for sodium hexafluorosilicate ... Na2SiF6;used (in dilute solutions) as an antiseptic and deodorant, and for fluoridation of drinking water. ... Synonym: sodium fluosilicate, sodium silicofluoride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium folate
The sodium salt of folic acid; action and uses are the same as those of folic acid, but it is preferred for parenteral administration. ... Synonym: sodium pteroylglutamate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium fusidate
Synonym for fusidate sodium ... The sodium salt of fusidic acid; has antibacterial properties. ... Synonym: sodium fusidate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium glutamate
<chemical> L-glutamic acid, sodium salt. An additive used to impart meat flavor to foods, and to enhance other natural food flavors. Medically it has been used to reduce blood ammonia levels in ammoniacal azotemia, therapy of hepatic coma, in psychosis, and mental retardation. ... Pharmacological action: food additives. ... Chemical name: L-Glu …

sodium glycerophosphate
C3H5(OH)2PO4Na;has been used as a tonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium group
The alkali metals: cesium, lithium, potassium, rubidium, and sodium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium hexafluorosilicate
Na2SiF6;used (in dilute solutions) as an antiseptic and deodorant, and for fluoridation of drinking water. ... Synonym: sodium fluosilicate, sodium silicofluoride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium hydrogen carbonate
Synonym for sodium bicarbonate ... <chemical> Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). ... A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. ... Pharmacologic action: Acid neutralization. ... Uses: Preexist …

sodium hydrogen sulfite
Synonym for sodium bisulfite ... NaHSO3;acid sodium sulfite, used in gastric and intestinal fermentation, externally in the treatment of parasitic diseases, and as an antioxidant in certain injections (s. Metabisulfite). ... Synonym: sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium pyrosulfite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium hydroxide
<chemical> A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralise acids and make sodium salts. ... Pharmacological action: caustics, pharmaceutic aid. ... Chemical name: Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH)) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium hypochlorite
<chemical> The sodium salt of hypochlorous acid. It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. ... Pharmacological action: disinfectants, oxidants. ... Chemical name: Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium hypophosphite
NaPH2O2-H2O;formerly used as a nerve tonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium hyposulfite
Synonym for sodium thiosulfate ... Na2S2O3-5H2O;an antidote in cyanide poisoning in conjunction with sodium nitrite; used as a prophylactic agent against ringworm infections in swimming pools and baths, and to measure the extracellular fluid volume of the body. ... Synonym: sodium hyposulfite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium ichthyolsulfonate
An alterative and antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium indigotin disulfonate
Synonym for indigo carmine ... <chemical> 3,3'-dioxo-(delta-2,2'-biindoline)-5,5'-disulfonic acid disodium salt. An indolesulfonic acid that is used as a dye in renal function testing and as a reagent for the detection of nitrates and chlorates and in the testing of milk. ... Pharmacological action: dyes, indicators and reagents, renal agents.< …

sodium iodide
<chemical> Sodium iodide (nai). A compound forming white, odourless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function determinants. ... Chemical name: Sodium iodide (NaI) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium iodide iodine-131
Prepared from radioactive iodine (131I); practically carrier-free, with a half-life of 8.0 days; used as a diagnostic agent in suspected thyroid disease and in the treatment of selected thyroid diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium isotopes
Stable sodium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sodium, but differ in atomic weight. Na-23 is a stable sodium isotope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium lactate
The sodium salt of racaemic or inactive lactic acid. It is used intravenously in a one-sixth molar solution as a fluid and electrolyte replenisher to combat acidosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium lauryl sulfate
CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3Na;a surface-active agent of the anionic type. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium levothyroxine
3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine pentahydrate;Sodium salt of the natural isomer of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone. It is twice as effective as the racaemic form. Used in the treatment of hypothyroidism in humans and animals and to treat lowered fertility in bulls and to stimulate lactation in animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium liothyronine
Sodium l-triiodothyronine, the physiologically active isomer of triiodothyronine, twice as active as the racaemic form; used in the treatment of thyroid deficiency syndromes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium metabisulfite
Na2S2O5;used as an antioxidant in injectable solutions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium methicillin
Synonym for methicillin sodium ... Sodium 2,6-dimethoxyphenylpenicillin monohydrate;a semisynthetic penicillin salt for parenteral administration; restriction of its use to infections caused by penicillin G-resistant staphylococci is recommended; it is less effective than penicillin G in infections caused by haemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, gon …

sodium methylarsonate
Ch3H5O(ONa)2-5H2O; disodium monomethyl arsonate;formerly used in tuberculosis, chorea, and other affections in which the cacodylates were used. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium methylprednisolone succinate
Sodium 6-methylprednisolone 21-succinate;it has the same metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions as the parent compound, methylprednisolone; because of its solubility it can be administered in small volumes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium morrhuate
<chemical> The sodium salts of the fatty acids in cod liver oil; an irritant and sclerosing agent used to treat varicose veins and arthritic joints. ... Pharmacological action: sclerosing solutions. ... Chemical name: Sodium morrhuate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium nitrate
NaNO3;formerly used for dysentery and as a diuretic. ... Synonym: Chilean saltpeter, cubic niter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium nitrite
<chemical> Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, colouring, and preserving, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carci …

sodium nitroferricyanide
Synonym for sodium nitroprusside ... (Na2FeCCN)5NO-5H2O;a rapidly acting and potent arterial and venous vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies and administered intravenously. Acts in a manner similar to vasodilator nitrates and nitrites by donating nitric oxide which produces vasodilation; also used as a reagent for detection of organic compou …

sodium nitroprusside
(Na2FeCCN)5NO-5H2O;a rapidly acting and potent arterial and venous vasodilator used in hypertensive emergencies and administered intravenously. Acts in a manner similar to vasodilator nitrates and nitrites by donating nitric oxide which produces vasodilation; also used as a reagent for detection of organic compounds in the urine. ... Synonym: sodium …

sodium nucleate
Sodium salts of yeast acids, used in the treatment of anaemias, rheumatism, and gout. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium orthophosphate
Synonym for sodium phosphate ... Na2HPO4-H2O;a laxative. ... Synonym: dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium orthophosphate. ... Sodium phosphate P 32, anionic radioactive phosphorus in the form of a solution of sodium acid phosphate and sodium basic phosphate; a beta emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days; after administration, highest concentrations are fo …

sodium oxybate
<chemical> Sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate. Anaesthetic used for both induction and maintenance. It may cause bradycardia and dyskinesias. Sodium oxybate has been supplied illicitly as a drug of abuse promoted for body building, and weight loss. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthesia adjuvants, anaesthetics, intravenous. ... Chemical name: Butanoic a …

sodium p-aminohippurate
Used intravenously in renal function tests, to determine the renal plasma flow and the tubular excretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium p-aminophenylarsonate
H2N-C6H4-AsO(OH)(ONa)-3H 2O; a compound that was one of the first modern pentavalent arsenicals. ... Synonym: sodium arsanilate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium perborate
NaBO2H2O2-3H2O;used in the extemporaneous preparation of hydrogen peroxide; a 2% solution is equivalent in germicidal action to 0.4% of hydrogen peroxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium peroxide
Na2O2;used externally as a paste or soap in the treatment of comedones and acne. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium pertechnetate
Na 99mTcO4;a radiopharmaceutical used for brain, thyroid, and salivary gland scanning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium pertechnetate tc 99m
<chemical> A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints. ... Pharmacological action: radiopharmaceuticals. ... Chemical name: Technetate (99TcO41-), sodium, (T-4)- ... (12 Dec 1998)
sodium phenolsulfonate
Has been used in tonsillitis and as an intestinal antiseptic; has no antiseptic properties. ... Synonym: sodium sulfocarbolate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium phosphate
Na2HPO4-H2O;a laxative. ... Synonym: dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium orthophosphate. ... Sodium phosphate P 32, anionic radioactive phosphorus in the form of a solution of sodium acid phosphate and sodium basic phosphate; a beta emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days; after administration, highest concentrations are found in rapidly proliferating tis …

sodium polystyrene sulfonate
A cationic exchange resin used in hyperpotassaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium potassium ATPase
<enzyme> A major transport protein of the plasma membrane. A multi unit enzyme, it moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in, for each ATP hydrolysed. The sodium gradient established is used for several purposes (see facilitated diffusion, action potential), while the potassium gradient is dissipated through the potassium le …

sodium potassium tartrate
Synonym for potassium sodium tartrate ... KNaC4H4O6;a mild saline cathartic, used as an ingredient in compound effervescent powders. ... Synonym: Rochelle salt, Seignette's salt, sodium potassium tartrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium propionate
The sodium salt of propionic acid; used for fungus infections of the skin, usually in combination with calcium propionate; used as a preservative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium psylliate
The sodium salt of the liquid fatty acids of psyllium oil, prepared by dissolving the fatty acid in dilute sodium hydroxide solution; used like morrhuate sodium as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of varicose veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium pteroylglutamate
Synonym for sodium folate ... The sodium salt of folic acid; action and uses are the same as those of folic acid, but it is preferred for parenteral administration. ... Synonym: sodium pteroylglutamate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium pump
Synonym for sodium potassium ATPase ... <enzyme> A major transport protein of the plasma membrane. A multi unit enzyme, it moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in, for each ATP hydrolysed. The sodium gradient established is used for several purposes (see facilitated diffusion, action potential), while the potassium gradient …

sodium pyroborate
Synonym for sodium borate ... Na2B4O7-10H2O;used in lotions, gargles, mouthwashes, and as a detergent. ... Synonym: borax, sodium pyroborate, sodium tetraborate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium pyrosulfite
Synonym for sodium bisulfite ... NaHSO3;acid sodium sulfite, used in gastric and intestinal fermentation, externally in the treatment of parasitic diseases, and as an antioxidant in certain injections (s. Metabisulfite). ... Synonym: sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium pyrosulfite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sodium rhodanate
Synonym for sodium thiocyanate ... NaSCN;used in the management of essential hypertension. ... Synonym: sodium rhodanate, sodium sulfocyanate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sodium ricinoleate
Sodium ricinate, the sodium salt of ricinoleic acid; a sclerosing agent similar in action to morrhuate sodium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...