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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


spasms, infantile
Primary generalised epileptic seizures occurring in infants between birth and twelve months of age consisting of brief synchronous contractions of the neck, torso, and both arms. These seizures often occur in infants with underlying neurologic diseases. The prognosis for these infants is grave, with approximately ninety percent developing mental re …

spasmus
Synonym: spasm. ... Origin: L. Fr. G. Spasmos, spasm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spasmus caninus
Synonym for risus caninus ... The semblance of a grin caused by facial spasm especially in tetanus. ... Synonym: canine spasm, cynic spasm, risus sardonicus, sardonic grin, spasmus caninus, trismus sardonicus. ... Origin: L. Risus, laugh + caninus, doglike ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spasmus coordinatus
Compulsive movements, such as imitative or mimic tics, festination, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spasmus glottidis
Synonym for laryngismus stridulus ... A spasmodic closure of the glottis, lasting a few seconds, followed by a noisy inspiration. ... Compare: laryngitis stridulosa. ... Synonym: pseudocroup, spasmus glottidis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spasmus nictitans
Synonym for nictitating spasm ... Involuntary spasmodic winking. ... Synonym: spasmus nictitans, winking spasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spasmus nutans
A fine nystagmus, sometimes rotary, sometimes monocular, associated with head-nodding movements. ... Synonym: nodding spasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic
1. Of the nature of or characterised by spasms. ... 2. Hypertonic, so that the muscles are stiff and the movements awkward. ... 3. A person exhibiting spasticity, such as occurs in spastic paralysis or in cerebral palsy. ... Origin: Gr. Spastikos ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

spastic abasia
Abasia due to a spastic contraction of the muscles when an attempt is made to walk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic anaemia
Local anaemia resulting from nontransitory contraction of the arterial vessels in the affected region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic colitis
See Syndrome, irritable bowel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spastic colon
A bowel disorder with no demonstrable organic abnormality. Often referred to as a functional bowel disorder or spastic colon. ... Symptoms include episodic, crampy abdominal pains often related to anxiety. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spastic diplegia
A type of cerebral palsy in which there is bilateral spasticity, with the lower extremities more severely affected. ... Compare: flaccid paralysis. ... Synonym: Erb-Charcot disease, infantile diplegia, Little's disease, spastic spinal paralysis, tabes spasmodica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic dysarthria
Dysarthria caused by lesions along the corticobulbar tracts. ... Synonym: rigid dysarthria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic dysphonia
Synonym for dysphonia spastica ... A spasmodic contraction of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx excited by attempted phonation, producing either adductor or abductor subtypes caused by central nervous system disease. A localised form of movement disorder. ... Synonym: phonic spasm, spastic dysphonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic ectropion
Ectropion of the lower eyelid as a result of ocular irritation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic entropion
Entropion that arises from excessive contracture of the orbicularis oculi muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic flat foot
Eversion of the foot with spasm of the muscles (peroneal) on the outer side; often associated with abnormal bars of bone cartilage or fibrous tissue between the calcaneum and the navicular (scaphoid) or between the navicular and the talus, resulting in a tarsal coalition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic gait
Synonym for hemiplegic gait ... Gait in which the leg is stiff, without flexion at knee and ankle, and with each step is rotated away from the body, then towards it, forming a semicircle. ... Synonym: circumduction gait, spastic gait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic hemiplegia
A hemiplegia with increased tone in the antigravity muscles of the affected side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic ileus
Synonym for dynamic ileus ... Intestinal obstruction due to spastic contraction of a segment of the bowel. ... Synonym: spastic ileus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic mydriasis
Pupillary dilation due to contraction of the dilator muscle of the pupil induced by adrenergic drugs or by stimulation of the sympathetic pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic paraplegia
Paresis of the lower extremities with increased muscle tone and spasmodic contraction of the muscles. ... Synonym: Erb-Charcot disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic paraplegia, hereditary
An insidiously progressive inherited disorder (probably autosomal dominant) characterised by distal limb weakness. Stiffness of the legs in walking due to the spasticity marks the onset of the disorder. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spastic pseuodoparalysis
Better known as creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd). A dementing disease of the brain. It is believed due to an unconventional (not a bacteria or virus), transmissible agent called a prion. Symptoms of cjd include forgetfulness, nervousness, jerky trembling hand movements, unsteady gait, muscle spasms, chronic dementia, balance disorder, and loss of fa …

spastic speech
Labored speech related to increased tone of muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic spinal paralysis
Synonym for spastic diplegia ... A type of cerebral palsy in which there is bilateral spasticity, with the lower extremities more severely affected. ... Compare: flaccid paralysis. ... Synonym: Erb-Charcot disease, infantile diplegia, Little's disease, spastic spinal paralysis, tabes spasmodica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spastic syndrome in cattle
A disease of the nervous system manifested by spastic contractions of the muscles of one or both hind legs, most common in old bulls; the cramps usually become more frequent and severe, eventually resulting in decreasing the usefulness of the animal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spasticity
A state of hypertonicity or increase over the normal tone of a muscle, with heightened deep tendon reflexes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spathaceous
Having a spathe, or having the nature of a spathe. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spathe
A large bract ensheathing an inflorescence. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spathella
A closed membranous sac which envelopes the immature flower in some members of the family Podostemaceae, rupturing irregularly as the pedicel elongates at anthesis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spathulate
Spoon-shaped, broad at the tip and narrowed towards the base. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spatia
Plural of spatium. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatia anguli iridocornealis
Synonym for spaces of iridocorneal angle ... Irregularly shaped endothelium-lined spaces within the trabecular reticulum, through which the aqueous filters to reach the sinus venosus sclerae. ... Synonym: spatia anguli iridocornealis, ciliary canals, Fontana's spaces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatia interossea metacarpi
Synonym for interosseous metacarpal spaces ... The spaces between the metacarpal bones in the hand. ... Synonym: spatia interossea metacarpi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatia interossea metatarsi
Synonym for interosseous metatarsal spaces ... The spaces between the metatarsal bones in the foot. ... Synonym: spatia interossea metatarsi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatia intervaginalia nervi optici
Synonym for intervaginal space of optic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The spaces within the internal sheath of the optic nerve, between the arachnoidal and pial layers, filled with cerebrospinal fluid and continuous with the subarachnoid space. ... Synonym: spatia intervaginalia nervi optici, intersheath spaces of optic nerve, Schwalbe's spaces.
spatia zonularia
Synonym for zonular spaces ... The spaces between the fibres of the ciliary zonule at the equator of the lens of the eye. ... Synonym: spatia zonularia, Petit's canals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatial
Relating to space or a space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatial acuity
The detection of the shape of a test object; e.g., perceiving polygons of the same size but with different numbers of sides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatial behaviour
Reactions of an individual or groups of individuals with relation to the immediate surrounding area including the animate or inanimate objects within that area. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spatial filter
<radiobiology> Device consisting of a lens pair and a pinhole aperture stop. Intensity fluctuations over the spatial extent of a laser beam are removed by passing the focused beam through the aperture stop. The pinhole must be placed in a vacuum to prevent air breakdown by the focused beam. These filters are used to counter the effects caused …

spatial formula
Synonym for stereochemical formula ... A chemical formula in which the arrangement of the atoms or atomic groupings in space are indicated. ... Synonym: spatial formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatial localization
The reference of a visual sensation to a definite locality in space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatial sensing
Mechanism of sensing a gradient in which the signal is compared at different points on the cell surface and cell movement directed accordingly. Translocation of all or part of the cell is not required. ... See: temporal gradient sensing, pseudospatial gradient sensing. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spatial vector
A cardiac vector represented in more than one plane simultaneously; two-or three-dimensional orientation of a vector. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatial vectorcardiography
Three-dimensional vectorcardiography in which vector loops are inscribed in frontal, sagittal, and horizontal planes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium
Synonym: space. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium episclerale
Synonym for episcleral space ... The space between the fascial sheath of the eyeball and the sclera. ... Synonym: spatium episclerale, interfascial space, spatium interfasciale, spatium intervaginale bulbi oculi, Tenon's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium intercostale
Synonym for intercostal space ... An interval between the ribs, occupied by intercostal muscles, veins, arteries and nerves. ... Synonym: spatium intercostale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium interfasciale
Synonym for episcleral space ... The space between the fascial sheath of the eyeball and the sclera. ... Synonym: spatium episclerale, interfascial space, spatium interfasciale, spatium intervaginale bulbi oculi, Tenon's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium interglobulare
Synonym for interglobular space ... One of a number of irregularly branched spaces near the periphery of the dentin of the crown of a tooth, through which pass the ramifications of the tubules; they are caused by failure of calcification of the dentin. ... Synonym: spatium interglobulare, interglobular space of Owen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium intervaginale bulbi oculi
Synonym for episcleral space ... The space between the fascial sheath of the eyeball and the sclera. ... Synonym: spatium episclerale, interfascial space, spatium interfasciale, spatium intervaginale bulbi oculi, Tenon's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium lateropharyngeum
Synonym for lateral pharyngeal space ... That part of the peripharyngeum spatium located at the sides of the pharynx. ... Synonym: spatium lateropharyngeum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium perichoroideale
Synonym for perichoroidal space ... The interval between the choroid and the sclera filled by the loose meshes of the lamina fusca of sclera and the suprachoroid lamina. ... Synonym: spatium perichoroideale, perichoroid space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium perilymphaticum
Synonym for perilymphatic space ... Space between the bony and membranous portions of the labyrinth. ... Synonym: spatium perilymphaticum, cisterna perilymphatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium perinei profundum
Synonym for deep perineal space ... The region between the perineal membrane and the endopelvic fascia of the floor of the pelvis occupied by the membranous part of the urethra, the bulbourethral gland (in the male), the deep transverse perineal and sphincter urethrae muscles, and the dorsal nerve and artery of the penis or clitoris. ... Synonym: spa …

spatium perinei superficiale
Synonym for superficial perineal space ... The superficial compartment of the perineum; the space bounded above by the perineal membrane (inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm) and below by the superficial perineal (Colles') fascia; it contains the root structure of the penis or clitoris and associated musculature, plus the superficial transve …

spatium peripharyngeum
Synonym for peripharyngeal space ... The space, filled with loose areolar tissue, around the pharynx; it is divided into two portions, lateral pharyngeal spatium and retropharyngeal spatium. ... Synonym: spatium peripharyngeum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium retroinguinale
Synonym for retroinguinal space ... A triangular space between the peritoneum and the transversalis fascia, at the lower angle of which is the inguinal ligament; it contains the lower portion of the external iliac artery. ... Synonym: Bogros' space, spatium retroinguinale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium retroperitoneale
Synonym for retroperitoneal space ... An area occupying the most posterior aspect of the abdominal cavity. It is bounded laterally by the borders of the quadratus lumborum muscles and extends from the diaphragm to the brim of the true pelvis, where it continues as the pelvic extraperitoneal space. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spatium retropharyngeum
Synonym for retropharyngeal space ... That part of the peripharyngeal spatium located posterior to the pharynx. In the normal adult it measures 4 mm (at C3 level), but is considered abnormal when greater than 7 mm. ... Can be icreased with a cervical spine fracture, retropharyngeal abscess. ... Synonym: spatium retropharyngeum, postpharyngeal space.
spatium retropubicum
Synonym for retropubic space ... The area of loose connective tissue between the bladder with its related fascia and the pubis and anterior abdominal wall. ... Synonym: spatium retropubicum, cavum retzii, Retzius' cavity, Retzius' space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatium subdurale
Synonym for subdural space ... Originally thought to be a narrow fluid-filled interval between the dural and arachnoid; now known to be an artificial space created by the separation of the arachnoid from the dura as the result of trauma or some ongoing pathologic process; in the healthy state, the arachnoid is attached to the dura and a naturally oc …

spatter
1. To sprinkle with a liquid or with any wet substance, as water, mud, or the like; to make wet of foul spots upon by sprinkling; as, to spatter a coat; to spatter the floor; to spatter boots with mud. 'Upon any occasion he is to be spattered over with the blood of his people.' (Burke) ... 2. To distribute by sprinkling; to sprinkle around; as, to s …

spatula
A flat blade, like a knife blade but without a sharp edge, used in pharmacy for spreading plasters and ointments and as an aid to mixing ingredients with a mortar and pestle. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of spatha, a broad, flat wooden instrument, fr. G. Spathe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatula needle
A minute needle with a flat (non-cutting) concave surface, used by eye surgeons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spatulate
1. Shaped like a spatula. ... 2. To manipulate or mix with a spatula. ... 3. To incise the cut end of a tubular structure longitudinally and splay it open, to allow creation of an elliptical anastomosis of greater circumference than would be possible with conventional transverse or oblique (bevelled) end-to-end anastomoses. ... Synonym: spatulated. …

spatulated
Synonym for spatulate ... 1. Shaped like a spatula. ... 2. To manipulate or mix with a spatula. ... 3. To incise the cut end of a tubular structure longitudinally and splay it open, to allow creation of an elliptical anastomosis of greater circumference than would be possible with conventional transverse or oblique (bevelled) end-to-end anastomoses.
spatulation
Manipulation of material with a spatula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Spatz, Hugo
<person> German neurologist and psychiatrist, 1888-1969. ... See: Hallervorden-Spatz disease, Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spavin
<veterinary> A disease of horses characterised by a bony swelling developed on the hock as the result of inflammation of the bones; also, the swelling itself. The resulting lameness is due to the inflammation, and not the bony tumour as popularly supposed. Bog spavin, a soft swelling produced by distention of the capsular ligament of the hock …

spavined
Affected with spavin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spawn
1. To produce or deposit (eggs), as fishes or frogs do. ... 2. To bring forth; to generate; used in contempt. 'One edition [of books] spawneth another.' (Fuller) ... Origin: OE. Spanen, OF. Espandre, properly, to shed, spread, L. Expandere to spread out. See Expand. ... 1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs do. ... 2. To issue, as offspring; used contem …

spawner-recruit model
Biological model that relates the number of recruits or mature spawners in one generation to the number of spawners in the previous generation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spawning gravel
Sorted, clean gravel patches of a size appropriate for the needs of resident or anadromous fish. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

SPCA
<abbreviation> Serum prothrombin conversion accelerator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spear
To shoot into a long stem, as some plants. See Spire. ... 1. A long, pointed weapon, used in war and hunting, by thrusting or throwing; a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp head or blade; a lance. ... See: Illust. Of Spearhead] 'A sharp ground spear.' 'They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks.' (Micah iv. 3) …

spearmint oil
The volatile oil, distilled with steam from the fresh overground parts of the flowering plant of Mentha viridis or M. Cardiaca, a flavoring agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special anatomy
The anatomy of certain definite organs or groups of organs involved in the performance of special functions; descriptive anatomy dealing with the separate systems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special aquatic site
Those sites identified in 40 CRF 230, Subpart E (i.e., sanctuaries and refuges, wetlands, mud flats, vegetated shallows, coral reefs, and riffle and pool complexes). They are geographic areas, large or small, possessing special ecological characteristics of productivity, habitat, wildlife protection, or other important and easily disrupted ecologic …

special hospital
A hospital for the medical and surgical care of patients with specific types of diseases, as of the ear, nose, and throat, eyes, or mental illness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special nurse
A nurse, who might be a registered nurse or a practical nurse, assigned to limited, specialised functions; usually synonymous with private duty nurse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special sensation
A sensation referred to a stimulus produced by an external body and acting on any of the sense organs. ... Subjective sensation, a sensation not readily referrable to a denotably verifiable stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special sense
One of the five senses related respectively to the organs of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special somatic afferent column
A column of gray matter in the hindbrain of the embryo, represented in the adult by the nuclei of the auditory and vestibular nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special visceral efferent column
A column of gray matter in the hindbrain of the embryo, represented in the adult by the trigeminal and facial nuclei and the nucleus ambiguus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

special visceral efferent nuclei
Synonym for branchiomotor nuclei ... Collective term for those motoneuronal nuclei of the brainstem (n. Ambiguus, facial motor nucleus, motor nucleus of the trigeminus) that develop from the branchiomotor column of the embryo and innervate striated muscle fibres (muscles of mastication, facial musculature, pharynx and vocal cord muscles) developed f …

special visceral motor nuclei
Synonym for branchiomotor nuclei ... Collective term for those motoneuronal nuclei of the brainstem (n. Ambiguus, facial motor nucleus, motor nucleus of the trigeminus) that develop from the branchiomotor column of the embryo and innervate striated muscle fibres (muscles of mastication, facial musculature, pharynx and vocal cord muscles) developed f …

specialise
To engage in specialization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

specialised transduction
Transduction in which the bacteriophage strain is able to transfer only some, or only one, of the donor bacterium genes. ... Synonym: specific transduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

specialism
The limitation of practice or study to a particular branch of medicine, dentistry, or other health profession. It is philosophically distinct from the generalist theory in which familiarity with a wide cross-section of the particular discipline is advocated. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

specialties, dental
Various branches of dental practice limited to specialised areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

specialties, medical
Various branches of medical practice limited to specialised areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

specialties, nursing
Various branches of nursing practice limited to specialised areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

specialties, surgical
Various branches of surgical practice limited to specialised areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

specialty
The particular subject area or branch of medical science to which one devotes professional attention. ... Origin: L. Specialitas fr. Specialis, special ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

specialty boards
Organizations which certify physicians and dentists as specialists in various fields of medical and dental practice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

specialty chemicals and products
Chemicals and chemical products used in a research, industrial, or household setting. Included here are the specific drug preparations, as well as the substances involved in the manufacture and stabilization of pharmaceutical preparations and agricultural agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...