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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

spinach stools
Dark greenish porridge-like stool's, resembling chopped spinach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinae palatinae
Synonym for palatine spines ... The longitudinal ridges along the palatine grooves on the inferior surface of the palatine process of the maxilla. ... Synonym: spinae palatinae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinage
<botany> A common pot herb (Spinacia oleracea) belonging to the Goosefoot family. Mountain spinach. See Garden orache, under Orache. ... <botany> New Zealand spinach, a coarse herb (Tetragonia expansa), a poor substitute for spinach. ... Various other pot herbs are locally called spinach. ... Origin: OF. Espinache, espinoche, F. Epinard; c …

spinal
<anatomy> Pertaining to a spine or to the vertebral column. ... Origin: L. Spinalis ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spinal accessory nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The eleventh cranial nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spinal anaesthesia
A form of regional anaesthesia that involves the injection of an anaesthetic into the epidural space (in the spinal canal), at predetermined location along the spine, to produce anaesthesia in all body regions that are supplied by nerves that arise below the anatomic region of the block. Often used for obstetrical procedures. ... Origin: Gr. Aisthes …

spinal anaesthetic
A local anaesthetic agent producing loss of sensation when injected into the subarachnoid space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal analgesia
Euphemism for spinal anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal apoplexy
Stroke involving the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal arteries
Branches of the following arteries which supply the meninges, the roots of the spinal nerves, and in some cases, the spinal cord: 1) vertebral, 2) ascending cervical, 3) dorsal branch of posterior intercostal I to XI, 4) dorsal branch of subcostal, 5) dorsal branch of lumbar arteries, 6) lumbar branch of iliolumbar, 7) lateral sacral; all spinal ar …

spinal ataxia
Ataxia due to spinal cord disease, as in tabes dorsalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal bifida
A congenital defect in which the neural arches fail to close, so exposing the contents of the spinal canal posteriorly. Usually occurring in the lumbosacral region (lower back) of the spine. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spinal block
An obstruction to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space; used inaccurately to refer to spinal anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal canal
Synonym for vertebral canal ... The canal that contains the spinal cord, spinal meninges, and related structures. It is formed by the vertebral foramina of successive vertebrae of the articulated vertebral column. ... Synonym: canalis vertebralis, spinal canal, tubus vertebralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal column
Synonym for vertebral column ... The series of vertebrae that extend from the cranium to the coccyx, providing support and forming a flexible bony case for the spinal cord. ... Synonym: columna vertebralis, backbone, dorsal spine, rachis, spina dorsalis, spina, spina, spinal column, spine, vertebrarium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal concussion
Synonym for spinal cord concussion ... Injury to the spinal cord due to a blow to the vertebral column with transient or prolonged dysfunction below the level of the lesion. ... Synonym: spinal concussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal cord
<anatomy> Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system of vertebrates that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spinal cord compression
A condition in which pressure is exerted on the spinal cord, as by a tumour, spinal fracture, etc. Its manifestations, which vary with location and degree of pressure, may include pain, paresthesias, and sensory and motor disturbances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal cord concussion
Injury to the spinal cord due to a blow to the vertebral column with transient or prolonged dysfunction below the level of the lesion. ... Synonym: spinal concussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal cord injuries
Injuries to the spinal cord, that is, the part of the central nervous system that is situated within the vertebral column. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal cord injury
Any injury to the spinal cord via blunt or penetrating trauma. Extreme flexion or extension (particularly in the neck) of the spine can result in traction on the spinal cord with subsequent injury and the development of neurologic symptoms. ... See: neurologic symptoms. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spinal cord tumour
A spinal cord tumour is a aggregate if cells that form a mass that can compress the spinal cord. Spinal cord tumours may arise from local structures (for example meninges) or from a cancer from a distant site (i.e. Metastasis). Regardless of the aetiology, all spinal cord tumours cause symptoms from compression on the spinal cord, surrounding nerve …

spinal curvature
See: kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal curvatures
Deviations of the spine from its normal direction or position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal decompression
The removal of pressure upon the spinal cord as created by a tumour, cyst, haematoma, nucleus pulposus, abscess, or bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal dysraphism
Developmental abnormalities of the dorsal median region in the embryo, involving ectoderm, mesoderm, and neuroectoderm in varying degrees. Dysraphism signifies incomplete fusion or malformation of a seam or junction. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called spina bifida cystica and the closed form is spina bifid …

spinal fluid
Synonym for cerebrospinal fluid ... <neurology> A clear, colourless fluid that contains small quantities of glucose and protein. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. ... Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid can be accomplished using lumbar puncture. The presence of white blood cells or b …

spinal fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal fusion
A procedure that involves fusing together two or more vertebrae in the spine using either bone grafts or metal rods (Harrington rods). This procedure may be used to correct kyphosis or scoliosis. It is also used in those who require spine stabilisation due to vertebral damage from ruptures discs, fractures, osteomyelitis, osteoarthritis or tumour.< …

spinal ganglion
<anatomy> Enlargement of the dorsal root of the spinal cord containing cell bodies of afferent spinal neurons. Neural outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia has been studied extensively in vitro. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spinal headache
A headache that can occur after a lumbar puncture is performed. Patients who lie flat on their stomach for one hour immediately after lumbar puncture, followed by 12 hours on their back, have a decreased incidence of spinal headaches. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spinal induction
The manner in which one sensory stimulus lowers the threshold for another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal injuries
Injuries involving the vertebral column. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal lemniscus
Synonym for spinothalamic tract ... A large ascending fibre bundle in the ventral half of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, arising from cells in the posterior horn at all levels of the cord, which cross within their segments of origin in the white commissure. In their contralateral ascent, the bundle is intermingled with numerous intersegme …

spinal length
A measurement from the distal surface of the embryo where the plane passes through the developing eye (this is the cranial limit of the spinal cord) down to the rump. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal marrow
Synonym for spinal cord ... <anatomy> Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system of vertebrates that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spinal muscle
Synonym for spinalis muscle ... <anatomy> The medial component of the erector spinae muscle; it is comprised of the spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis thoracis muscles. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis, spinal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal muscle of head
Synonym for spinalis capitis muscle ... <anatomy> An inconstant extension of spinalis cervicis to the occipital bone, sometimes fusing with semispinalis capitis. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis capitis, biventer cervicis, spinal muscle of head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal muscle of neck
Synonym for spinalis cervicis muscle ... <anatomy> An inconstant or rudimentary muscle; origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of axis and third cervical vertebra; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis cervicis, muscu …

spinal muscle of thorax
Synonym for spinalis thoracis ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes of upper lumbar and two lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of middle and upper thoracic vertebrae; action, supports and extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and upper lumbar. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis thoraci …

spinal muscular atrophy
<radiology> 2nd most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, pathology, degeneration of the spinal anterior horn cells, atrophy and wasting of skeletal muscles, types, SMA I = Werdnig-Hoffman disease: rapidly progressive, SMA II = intermediate form, SMA III = Kugelberg-Welander disease: slowly progressive, uncommon adult forms, usua …

spinal nerve roots
The paired bundles of nerve fibres entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons …

spinal nerves
The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal nucleus of the trigeminus
Synonym for spinal trigeminal nucleus ... The long sensory nucleus extending from the caudal border of the pontine sensory nucleus of the trigeminus down through the lateral region of the rhombencephalon into the upper three segments of the spinal cord's dorsal horn; it receives the fibres of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve which descend al …

spinal osteophytosis
Outgrowth of immature bony processes from the vertebrae, reflecting the presence of degenerative disease and calcification. It includes cervical and lumbar spondylosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal paralysis
Loss of motor power due to a lesion of the spinal cord. ... Synonym: myeloparalysis, myeloplegia, rachioplegia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal part of accessory nerve
Synonym for spinal root of accessory nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Originates from the upper five or six cervical spinal segments, emerges from the lateral surface of the spinal cord and ascends through the foramen magnum to join the cranial root. ... Synonym: radices spinales nervi accessorii, ramus externus nervi accessorii, pars spinalis nervi …

spinal part of arachnoid
Synonym for arachnoid of spinal cord ... That portion of the arachnoid which lies within the vertebral canal and surrounds the spinal cord and the vertebral portion of the subarachnoid space. It extends from the foramen magnum above to the S-2 vertebral level. Since the spinal cord ends at the L-2 vertebral level, a wide separation occurs between th …

spinal point
Synonym for subnasal point ... The centre of the root of the anterior nasal spine. ... Synonym: apophysary point, apophysial point, spinal point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal puncture
Tapping of the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

spinal quotient
Synonym for Ayala's index ... The cerebrospinal index when 10 ml of cerebrospinal fluid have been removed. ... Synonym: Ayala's quotient, spinal quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal reflex
A reflex arc involving the spinal cord. ... See: reflex arc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal root of accessory nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Originates from the upper five or six cervical spinal segments, emerges from the lateral surface of the spinal cord and ascends through the foramen magnum to join the cranial root. ... Synonym: radices spinales nervi accessorii, ramus externus nervi accessorii, pars spinalis nervi accessorii, spinal part of accessory nerve. …

spinal shock
Transient depression or abolition of reflex activity below the level of an acute spinal cord injury or transection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal sign
<clinical sign> In pleurisy, the spinal muscles are in a state of tonic contraction on the affected side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal stenosis
An abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal that may be either congenital or acquired. Treatment is generally surgical to widen the spinal canal. Laminectomy may be the indicated surgical procedure to reduce pressure on the spinal cord. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spinal stroke
Abrupt onset of focal spinal cord dysfunction caused by a disturbance in its blood supply. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal tap
A diagnostic procedure where a sterile needle is introduced into the lower spine (L2) to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes. Chemical analysis, cellular analysis and CSF pressure can all be measured with this procedure. This test can aid in the diagnosis of meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage and multiple sclerosis. ... (27 Sep 199 …

spinal tract
Any one of a multitude of fibre bundles ascending or descending in the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A compact fibre bundle, comma-shaped on transverse section, composed of primary sensory fibres of the portio major of the trigeminal nerve, descending from the level of the entrance of the trigeminus in the upper pons down through the dorsolateral region of the rhombencephalic tegmentum along the lateral side of the descendin …

spinal tractotomy
Synonym for anterolateral cordotomy ... <procedure> Division of the anterolateral quadrant of the spinal cord to section the spinothalamic tract. ... Synonym: anterolateral tractotomy, spinal tractotomy, spinothalamic cordotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinal trigeminal nucleus
The long sensory nucleus extending from the caudal border of the pontine sensory nucleus of the trigeminus down through the lateral region of the rhombencephalon into the upper three segments of the spinal cord's dorsal horn; it receives the fibres of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve which descend along its lateral border as the spinal trac …

spinal tumour
A spinal cord tumour is a aggregate if cells that form a mass that can compress the spinal cord. Spinal cord tumours may arise from local structures (for example meninges) or from a cancer from a distant site (i.e. Metastasis). Regardless of the aetiology, all spinal cord tumours cause symptoms from compression on the spinal cord, surrounding nerve …

spinal veins
The veins that drain the spinal cord; they form a plexus on the surface of the cord from which veins pass along the spinal roots to the internal vertebral venous plexus. ... Synonym: venae spinales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinalis
Synonym: spinal. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinalis capitis muscle
<anatomy> An inconstant extension of spinalis cervicis to the occipital bone, sometimes fusing with semispinalis capitis. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis capitis, biventer cervicis, spinal muscle of head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinalis cervicis muscle
<anatomy> An inconstant or rudimentary muscle; origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of axis and third cervical vertebra; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis cervicis, musculus spinalis colli, spinal muscle of nec …

spinalis muscle
<anatomy> The medial component of the erector spinae muscle; it is comprised of the spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis thoracis muscles. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis, spinal muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinalis thoracis
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes of upper lumbar and two lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of middle and upper thoracic vertebrae; action, supports and extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and upper lumbar. ... Synonym: musculus spinalis thoracis, musculus spinalis dorsi, spina …

spinant
An agent increasing the reflex irritability of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinate
Spined; having spines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle
See: mitosis, spindle fibre. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

spindle cataract
A cataract in which the opacity is fusiform, extending from one pole to the other. ... Synonym: fusiform cataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle cell
A fusiform cell, such as those in the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle cell carcinoma
<tumour> A carcinoma composed of elongated cells, frequently a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma which may be difficult to distinguish from a sarcoma. ... Synonym: sarcomatoid carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle cell lipoma
<tumour> A microscopically distinctive form of lipoma in which adipose tissue is infiltrated by fibroblasts and collagen; usually found in the shoulder or neck of elderly men. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle cell nevus
Synonym for Spitz nevus ... A benign, slightly pigmented or red superficial small skin tumour composed of spindle-shaped, epithelioid, and multinucleated cells that may appear atypical; most common in children, but also appearing in adults. ... Synonym: benign juvenile melanoma, epithelioid cell nevus, spindle cell nevus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle cell sarcoma
<tumour> A malignant neoplasm, believed to be of mesenchymal origin, composed of elongated, spindle-shaped cells. ... Synonym: fascicular sarcoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle fibre
<cell biology> Microtubules of the spindle that interdigitate at the equatorial plane with microtubules of the opposite polarity derived from the opposite pole microtubule organising centre. Usually distinguished from kinetochore fibres that are microtubules that link the poles with the kinetochore, although these could be included in a broad …

spindle-celled layer
Synonym for fusiform layer ... Layer 6 of the cortex cerebri. ... Synonym: multiform layer, polymorphous layer, spindle-celled layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spindle-shaped muscle
Synonym for fusiform muscle ... <anatomy> One that has a fleshy belly, tapering at either extremity. ... Synonym: musculus fusiformis, spindle-shaped muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spine
A stiff, sharp-pointed structure, formed by modification of a plant organ, for example a lateral branch or a stipule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spine cell
Synonym for prickle cell ... <cell biology> Large flattened polygonal cells of the stratum germinosum of the epidermis (just above the basal stem cells), that appear in the light microscope to have fine spines projecting from their surfaces, these terminate in desmosomes that link the cells together and have many tonofilaments of cytokeratin w …

spine fracture
A break in the bony cortex of the vertebrae. Spine fractures must be assessed as stable or unstable. Unstable spine fractures pose a risk of spinal cord injury due to abnormal movement at the fracture site. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

spine of helix
An anteriorly directed spine at the extremity of the crus of the helix of the auricle. ... Synonym: spina helicis, apophysis helicis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spine of scapula
The prominent triangular ridge on the dorsal aspect of the scapula, providing attachment for the trapezius and deltoid muscles and separating the supra-and infraspinous fossae. ... Synonym: spina scapulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spine sign
<clinical sign> Resistance to flexion of the spine in cases of meningitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinelle
<chemical> A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and various colours, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the red variety being the gem spinel ruby. It consist essentially of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron and sometimes also chromium. ... The spinel group includes spinel proper, also magnetite, chromite, fran …

Spinelli operation
An operation splitting the anterior wall of the prolapsed uterus and reversing the organ preliminary to reduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Spinelli, Pier
<person> Italian gynecologist, 1862-1929. ... See: Spinelli operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinescent
Ending in a spine, modified to form a spine. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

spinetail
<zoology> Any one or several species of swifts of the genus Acanthylis, or Chaetura, and allied genera, in which the shafts of the tail feathers terminate in rigid spines. ... Any one of several species of South American and Central American clamatorial birds belonging to Synallaxis and allied genera of the family Dendrocolaptidae. They are al …

spinifugal
An obsolete term for conducting in a direction away from the spinal cord; denoting the efferent fibres of the spinal nerves. ... Origin: spine + L. Fugio, to flee ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinipetal
An obsolete term for conducting in a direction toward the spinal cord; denoting the afferent fibres of the spinal nerves. ... Origin: spine + L. Peto, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinnbarkeit
The stringy, elastic character of cervical mucus during the ovulatory period; in contrast to other times in the menstrual cycle, cervical secretions at midcycle are clear, abundant, and of low viscosity. ... Origin: Ger. Spinnbarkeit, visxosity, ability to form a thread ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spinner
1. One who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a spinning machine. ... 2. A spider. 'Long-legged spinners.' ... 3. <zoology> A goatsucker; so called from the peculiar noise it makes when darting through the air. ... 4. <zoology> A spinneret. Ring spinner, a machine for spinning, in which the twist, given to the yarn by a revolvi …

spinneret
<zoology> One of the special jointed organs situated on the under side, and near the end, of the abdomen of spiders, by means of which they spin their webs. most spiders have three pairs of spinnerets, but some have only two pairs. The ordinary silk line of the spider is composed of numerous smaller lines jointed after issuing from the spinne …

spinning disk nebuliser
A nebuliser in which water is changed into small particles as it is thrown by centrifugal force from a spinning disk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spino-
1. The spine. ... 2. Spinous. ... Origin: L. Spina ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

spino-adductor reflex
Contraction of the adductors of the thigh upon tapping the spinal column. ... Synonym: McCarthy's reflexes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...