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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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spheric1. Having the form of a sphere; like a sphere; globular; orbicular; as, a spherical body. ... 2. Of or pertaining to a sphere. ... 3. Of or pertaining to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were set. 'Knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance.' (Shak) 'Though the s …
sphericalPertaining to, or shaped like, a sphere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherical aberration<microscopy> A lens defect in which image forming rays passing through the outer zones of the lens focus at a distance from the principal plane, different from that of the rays passing through the centre of the lens. ... The aberration caused by (near-paraxial) monochromatic light rays or electron beams passing through different radii of a len …
spherical amalgamAn alloy for dental amalgam composed of spherical particles instead of filings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherical form of occlusionAn arrangement of teeth which places their occlusal surfaces on the surface of an imaginary sphere (usually 8 inches in diameter) with its centre above the level of the teeth. ... See: Monson curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherical lensA lens in which all refracting surfaces are spherical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherical nucleusSpinal nucleus of accessory nerve, a slender column of motor neurons extending longitudinally through the central part of the ventral horn of the upper five segments of the spinal cord, giving origin to the spinal part of the accessory nerve. ... Synonym: nucleus spinalis nervi accessorii, globosus nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherical recessA rounded depression on the inner wall of the vestibule of the labyrinth, lodging the sacculus. ... Synonym: recessus sphericus, fovea hemispherica, fovea spherica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphero-Spherical, a sphere. ... Origin: G. Sphaira, globe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherocylinderSynonym for spherocylindrical lens ... A combined spherical and cylindrical lens, one surface being spherical, the other cylindrical. ... Synonym: spherocylinder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherocylindrical lensA combined spherical and cylindrical lens, one surface being spherical, the other cylindrical. ... Synonym: spherocylinder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherocyteA small, spherical red blood cell. ... Origin: sphero-+ G. Kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherocytesA small, globular, completely haemoglobinated erythrocyte without the usual central pallor, found characteristically in hereditary spherocytosis (spherocytosis, hereditary) but also observed in acquired haemolytic anaemia (anaemia, haemolytic). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
spherocytic anaemiaSynonym for hereditary spherocytosis ... <haematology> A hereditary disorder that leads to a chronic haemolytic anaemia due to an abnormality in the red blood cell membrane. ... This disorder is caused by a defective gene. Red cells are resistant to stress and rupture easily. Infants may appear jaundiced and pale. Fatigue, weakness and shortnes …
spherocytic jaundiceHaemolytic jaundice associated with spherocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherocytosis<haematology> A condition in which erythrocytes lose their biconcave shape and become spherical. It occurs as cells age and is also found in individuals with abnormal cytoskeletal proteins, (hereditary spherocytosis, a disorder that leads to haemolytic anaemia). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
spherocytosis, hereditaryA familial congenital haemolytic anaemia characterised by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
spherographAn instrument for facilitating the practical use of spherics in navigation and astronomy, being constructed of two cardboards containing various circles, and turning upon each other in such a manner that any possible spherical triangle may be readily found, and the measures of the parts read off by inspection. ... Origin: Sphere + -graph. ... Source: …
spheroidSpheroidal ... Shaped like a sphere. ... Origin: L. Spheroideus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spheroid articulationSynonym for ball-and-socket joint ... A multiaxial synovial joint in which a more or less extensive sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone, as in the hip joint. ... Synonym: articulatio spheroidea, articulatio cotylica, cotyloid joint, enarthrodial joint, enarthrosis, socket joint, spheroid articulation, spheroid …
spheroid calcification<radiology> Round/oval subcutaneous calcifications, characteristic of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
spheroid colonyA colony of protozoa in which the individual cells are held together in a coherent spherical mass by a gelatinoid material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spheroid jointSynonym for ball-and-socket joint ... A multiaxial synovial joint in which a more or less extensive sphere on the head of one bone fits into a rounded cavity in the other bone, as in the hip joint. ... Synonym: articulatio spheroidea, articulatio cotylica, cotyloid joint, enarthrodial joint, enarthrosis, socket joint, spheroid articulation, spheroid …
spheroidalHaving the form of a spheroid. ... <physics> Spheroid'ally, Spheroidal state, the state of a liquid, as water, when, on being thrown on a surface of highly heated metal, it rolls about in spheroidal drops or masses, at a temperature several degrees below ebullition, and without actual contact with the heated surface, a phenomenon due to the re …
spheroidsSpherical, heterogeneous aggregates of proliferating, quiescent, and necrotic cells in culture that retain three-dimensional architecture and tissue-specific functions. They represent an in-vitro model for studies of the biology of both normal and malignant cells. Generally the ability to form spheroids is a characteristic trait of malignant cells …
spheromak<radiobiology> A compact torus with comparable toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields. The plasma is roughly spherical and is usually surrounded by a close-fitting conducting shell or cage. Both the poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields are generated by plasma currents. There are no toroidal field coils linking the plasma through the central p …
spherophakiaA congenital bilateral aberration in which the lenses are small, spherical, and subject to subluxation; may occur as an independent anomaly or may be associated with the Weill-Marchesani syndrome. ... Origin: sphero-+ G. Phakos, lens ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spheroplastBacterium from which the cell wall has been removed but that has not lysed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
spheroplastsBacterial, yeast, or fungal cells that result after partial removal of the rigid cell wall, which forms a membrane-bound cell with a spherical shape that is dependent for its integrity on an isotonic or hypertonic medium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
spheroprismA spherical lens decentered to produce a prismatic effect, or a combined spherical lens and prism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherosome<plant biology> Lysosome like compartment in plants that derives from the endoplasmic reticulum and is a site for lipid storage. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
spherospermiaSpheroid spermatozoa lacking an elongated tail, in contrast to the threadlike, tailed sperm of humans and other mammals (nematospermia). ... Origin: sphero-+ G. Sperma, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
spherule1. A small spherical structure. ... 2. A sporangial-like structure filled with endospores at maturity, produced within tissue and in vitro by Coccidioides immitis. ... Origin: LL. Sphaerula, dim. Of L. Sphaera, sphere, ball ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphex<zoology> Any one of numerous species of sand wasps of the genus Sphex and allied genera. These wasps have the abdomen attached to the thorax by a slender pedicel. ... <zoology> Sphex fly, any one of numerous species of small dipterous flies of the genus Conops and allied genera. The form of the body is similar to that of a sphex. ... Ori …
sphincter<anatomy> A ringlike band of muscle fibres that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice, also called musculus sphincter. ... Origin: L., Gr. Sphinkter = that which binds tight ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
sphincter angularisAngular sphincter, thickening of the circular muscular layer forming a proposed intermediate sphincter at the level of the angular notch of the stomach. While the thickening of the circular muscle may indicate the commencement of the pyloric antrum, true functional sphincteric activity distinct from the other peristaltic contractions of the stomach …
sphincter ani tertiusThe third sphincter of the anorectum, a physiological sphincter at the sigmoidorectal junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter antriSynonym for sphincter angularis ... Angular sphincter, thickening of the circular muscular layer forming a proposed intermediate sphincter at the level of the angular notch of the stomach. While the thickening of the circular muscle may indicate the commencement of the pyloric antrum, true functional sphincteric activity distinct from the other peri …
sphincter constrictor cardiaeSynonym for inferior oesophageal sphincter ... A sphincter supposedly present at the oesophagogastric junction; this is in fact an extrinsic sphincter formed by the surrounding musculature of the oesophageal hiagus of the right crus of the diaphragm; causes a normally-occuring constriction at the oesophagogastric junction observable with a barium sw …
sphincter intermediusSynonym for sphincter angularis ... Angular sphincter, thickening of the circular muscular layer forming a proposed intermediate sphincter at the level of the angular notch of the stomach. While the thickening of the circular muscle may indicate the commencement of the pyloric antrum, true functional sphincteric activity distinct from the other peri …
sphincter muscleSynonym for sphincter ... <anatomy> A ringlike band of muscle fibres that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice, also called musculus sphincter. ... Origin: L., Gr. Sphinkter = that which binds tight ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
sphincter muscle of pancreatic ductSynonym for sphincter of pancreatic duct ... Smooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct immediately proximal to the hepatoduodenal, ampulla. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus pancreatici, pancreatic sphincter, sphincter muscle of pancreatic duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter muscle of pupilSynonym for sphincter pupillae ... A ring of smooth muscle fibres surrounding the pupillary border of the iris. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter pupillae, sphincter muscle of pupil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter muscle of pylorusSynonym for pyloric sphincter ... A thickening of the circular layer of the gastric musculature encircling the gastroduodenal junction. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter pylori, sphincter muscle of pylorus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter muscle of urethraSynonym for sphincter urethrae ... Origin, ramus of pubis; insertion, with fellow in median raphe behind and in front of urethra; action, constricts membranous urethra; nerve supply, pudendal. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter urethrae, external urethral sphincter, Guthrie's muscle, musculus compressor urethrae, musculus constrictor urethrae, musculus …
sphincter muscle of urinary bladderSynonym for sphincter vesicae ... The complete collar of smooth muscle cells of the neck of the urinary bladder which extend distally to surround the preprostatic sportion of the male urethra. There is not a comparable structure in the neck of the femoral bladder; the internal urethral sphincter may exist to prevent reflux of semen into bladder. ... …
sphincter oculiSynonym for orbicularis oculi muscle ... <anatomy> Consists of three portions: orbital part, or external portion, which arises from frontal process of maxilla and nasal process of frontal bone, encircles aperture of orbit, and is inserted near origin; palpebral part, or internal portion, which arises from medial palpebral ligament, passes thro …
sphincter of antrumSynonym for sphincter angularis ... Angular sphincter, thickening of the circular muscular layer forming a proposed intermediate sphincter at the level of the angular notch of the stomach. While the thickening of the circular muscle may indicate the commencement of the pyloric antrum, true functional sphincteric activity distinct from the other peri …
sphincter of common bile ductSmooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct immediately proximal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla; it is this sphincter that controls the flow of bile in the duodenum. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus choledochi, Boyden's sphincter, choledochal sphincter, sphincter muscle of common bile duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter of gastric antrumSynonym for sphincter angularis ... Angular sphincter, thickening of the circular muscular layer forming a proposed intermediate sphincter at the level of the angular notch of the stomach. While the thickening of the circular muscle may indicate the commencement of the pyloric antrum, true functional sphincteric activity distinct from the other peri …
sphincter of Oddi dysfunctionStructural or functional abnormality of the sphincter of Oddi that interferes with bile drainage. ... Synonym: biliary dyskinesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter of pancreatic ductSmooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct immediately proximal to the hepatoduodenal, ampulla. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus pancreatici, pancreatic sphincter, sphincter muscle of pancreatic duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter of the pharyngeal isthmusSynonym for palatopharyngeal sphincter ... A constant band of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle which sweeps posteriorly from the anterolateral part of the superior surface of the palatine aponeurosis. It creates a visible ridge when the superior constrictor is contracted, meeting the elevated soft palate to seal off the pharyngeal isthmus …
sphincter orisSynonym for orbicularis oris ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, by nasolabial band from septum of the nose, by superior incisive bundle from incisor fossa of maxilla, by inferior incisive bundle from lower jaw each side of symphysis; insertion, fibres surround mouth between skin and mucous membrane of lips and cheeks, and are blended with other mus …
sphincter pupillaeA ring of smooth muscle fibres surrounding the pupillary border of the iris. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter pupillae, sphincter muscle of pupil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincter urethraeOrigin, ramus of pubis; insertion, with fellow in median raphe behind and in front of urethra; action, constricts membranous urethra; nerve supply, pudendal. ... Synonym: musculus sphincter urethrae, external urethral sphincter, Guthrie's muscle, musculus compressor urethrae, musculus constrictor urethrae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae, s …
sphincter vaginaeSynonym for bulbocavernosus muscle ... <anatomy> In the male: origin, the perineal membrane fascia on the dorsum of the bulb of the penis; insertion, central tendon of the perineum and the median raphe on the free surface of the bulb; action, constricts bulbous urethra when attempting to expel last drops following urination, or spasmodically w …
sphincter vesicaeThe complete collar of smooth muscle cells of the neck of the urinary bladder which extend distally to surround the preprostatic sportion of the male urethra. There is not a comparable structure in the neck of the femoral bladder; the internal urethral sphincter may exist to prevent reflux of semen into bladder. ... Synonym: annulus urethralis, inte …
sphincter vesicae biliarisThe sphincter of the gallbladder, at the transition between the neck of the gallbladder and the cystic duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteralRelating to a sphincter. ... Synonym: sphincterial, sphincteric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteralgiaPain in the sphincter ani muscles. ... Origin: sphincter + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincterectomy1. <procedure> Excision of a portion of the pupillary border of the iris. ... 2. Dissecting away any sphincter muscle. ... Origin: sphincter + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphinctericSynonym for sphincteral ... Relating to a sphincter. ... Synonym: sphincterial, sphincteric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincterismusSpasmodic contraction of the sphincter ani muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteritisInflammation of any sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteroidDenoting similarity to a musculus sphincter. ... Origin: sphincter + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteroid tract of ileumSynonym for basal sphincter ... The thickening of the circular muscular coat at the base of the ileal papilla at the terminal ileum. ... Synonym: sphincteroid tract of ileum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincterolysisAn operation for freeing the iris from the cornea in anterior synechia involving only the pupillary border. ... Origin: sphincter, + G. Lysis, loosening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteroplastyPlastic surgery of any sphincter muscle. ... Origin: sphincter + G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteroscope<instrument> A speculum to facilitate inspection of the internal sphincter ani muscle. ... Origin: sphincter + G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincteroscopyVisual examination of a sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincterotomeAn instrument for incising a sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincterotomy<procedure> Incision or division of a sphincter muscle. ... Origin: sphincter + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphincterotomy, endoscopicIncision of oddi's sphincter or vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (duodenoscope) often following retrograde cholangiography (cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones …
sphincterotomy, transhepaticSurgery of the smooth muscle sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to relieve blocked biliary or pancreatic ducts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
sphinganineDihydrosphingosine; 2D-or d-erythro-2-or (2S,3R)-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol;a constituent of the sphingolipids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphinganine kinase<enzyme> Transfers the phosphate group from ATP to d(+)-erythro d(+)-threo, l(-)-erythro and l(-)-threo-sphinganine ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.91 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
sphingolSynonym for sphingosine ... <biochemistry> Long chain amino alcohol that bears an approximate similarity to glycerol with a hydrophobic chain attached to the 3 carbon. Forms the class of sphingolipids when it carries an acyl group joined by an amide link to the nitrogen. Forms sphingomyelin when phosphoryl choline is attached to the 1 hydroxyl …
sphingolipid<biochemistry> Structural lipid of which the parent structure is sphingosine rather than glycerol. Synthesised in the Golgi complex. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase<enzyme> Hydrolyzes the n-acyl linkage between fatty acids and sphingosine bases in ceramides in various sphingolipids, as well as sphingomyelin to produce their lyso forms; mw 52 kD ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: scdase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
sphingolipidosesLysosomal storage diseases characterised by failure to degrade sphingolipids and resulting in their abnormal storage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
sphingolipidosisCollective designation for a variety of diseases characterised by abnormal sphingolipid metabolism, e.g., gangliosidosis, Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease. ... Synonym: sphingolipodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphingolipodystrophySynonym for sphingolipidosis ... Collective designation for a variety of diseases characterised by abnormal sphingolipid metabolism, e.g., gangliosidosis, Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease. ... Synonym: sphingolipodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphingomyelin<biochemistry> A sphingolipid in which the head group is phosphoryl choline. A close analogue of phosphatidylcholine. In many cells the concentration of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in the plasma membrane seems to bear a reciprocal relationship. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
sphingomyelin deacylase<enzyme> Forms sphingosylphosphocholine ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: sm-deacylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
sphingomyelin lipidosisSynonym for Niemann-Pick disease ... <disease> A family of severe lysosomal storage diseases resulting in an accumulation of sphingomyelin and other phospholipids in the reticuloendothelial system. ... The best studied forms are due to deficiency of sphingomyelinase and it is more common in Ashkenazi Jews than other groups. ... Clinical signs in …
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide (n-acylsphingosine) plus choline phosphate. A defect in this enzyme leads to niemann-pick disease. ... Chemical name: Sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4.12 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
sphingomyelinaseSynonym for sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide (n-acylsphingosine) plus choline phosphate. A defect in this enzyme leads to niemann-pick disease. ... Chemical name: Sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4.12 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
sphingomyelinsA group of phospholipids, found in brain, spinal cord, kidney, and egg yolk, containing 1-phosphocholine (choline O-phosphate) combined with a ceramide (a long-chain fatty acid linked to the nitrogen of a long-chain base, such as sphingosine). ... Synonym: ceramide 1-phosphorylcholine, phosphosphingosides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphingosine<biochemistry> Long chain amino alcohol that bears an approximate similarity to glycerol with a hydrophobic chain attached to the 3 carbon. Forms the class of sphingolipids when it carries an acyl group joined by an amide link to the nitrogen. Forms sphingomyelin when phosphoryl choline is attached to the 1 hydroxyl group. Gives rise to the c …
sphingosine N-methyltransferase<enzyme> Converts sphingosine to n,n-dimethylsphingosine ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
sphinx1. In Egyptian art, an image of granite or porphyry, having a human head, or the head of a ram or of a hawk, upon the wingless body of a lion. 'The awful ruins of the days of old . . . Or jasper tomb, or mutilated sphinx.' (Shelley) ... On Greek art and mythology, a she-monster, usually represented as having the winged body of a lion, and the face a …
sphygm-See: sphygmo-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmic intervalThe period in the cardiac cycle when the semilunar valves are open and blood is being ejected from the ventricles into the arterial system. ... Synonym: ejection period. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmo-Sphygm- ... Pulse. ... Origin: G. Sphygmos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmo-oscillometerAn instrument resembling an aneroid sphygmomanometer used in the measurement of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ... Origin: sphygmo-+ L. Oscillo, to swing, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmocardiographA polygraph recording both the heartbeat and the radial pulse. ... Synonym: sphygmocardioscope. ... Origin: sphygmo-+ G. Kardia, heart, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmocardioscopeSynonym: sphygmocardiograph. ... Origin: sphygmo-+ G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmochronographA modified sphygmograph that represents graphically the time relations between the beat of the heart and the pulse; one recording the character of the pulse as well as its rapidity. ... Origin: sphygmo-+ G. Chronos, time, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
sphygmographyUse of the sphygmograph in recording the character of the pulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
